The article is an Insight Paper on Mental Health, a lingering issue magnified by Covid-19 pandemic. Written for Health Ethics, MBA-H Ateneo Graduate School Business.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of many people across the globe and India has
been severely affected with 2nd highest number of COVID cases in world. In this paper, we
examine the impact of mental health, emotional wellbeing on consumer buying pattern-a post
covid19 analysis in India (4th-10th Jan 2021). We took sample size of 156 people and divided 30
variables into 5 major factors Social Impact, Psychological Impact, Mental Health, Consumer
Buying Pattern and Emotional Wellbeing. We observed that Social impact has significant impact or
positively associated with Emotional well-being and Psychological Impact but insignificant impact
on Mental Health and Consumer Buying Pattern. Psychological Impact has significant impact on
Mental Health, Social Impact and Consumer Buying Pattern. Emotional Wellbeing too significantly
impacted Consumer Buying Pattern. We concluded that COVID19 has impacted the Mental Health,
Emotional Wellbeing and Consumer Buying Pattern of Indian Consumers and Mental Health and
Emotional Well-being act as a mediator to the relationship between Impact of COVID 19 on
consumer buying pattern.
The article is an Insight Paper on Mental Health, a lingering issue magnified by Covid-19 pandemic. Written for Health Ethics, MBA-H Ateneo Graduate School Business.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of many people across the globe and India has
been severely affected with 2nd highest number of COVID cases in world. In this paper, we
examine the impact of mental health, emotional wellbeing on consumer buying pattern-a post
covid19 analysis in India (4th-10th Jan 2021). We took sample size of 156 people and divided 30
variables into 5 major factors Social Impact, Psychological Impact, Mental Health, Consumer
Buying Pattern and Emotional Wellbeing. We observed that Social impact has significant impact or
positively associated with Emotional well-being and Psychological Impact but insignificant impact
on Mental Health and Consumer Buying Pattern. Psychological Impact has significant impact on
Mental Health, Social Impact and Consumer Buying Pattern. Emotional Wellbeing too significantly
impacted Consumer Buying Pattern. We concluded that COVID19 has impacted the Mental Health,
Emotional Wellbeing and Consumer Buying Pattern of Indian Consumers and Mental Health and
Emotional Well-being act as a mediator to the relationship between Impact of COVID 19 on
consumer buying pattern.
Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...ijtsrd
On 11 Mar 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak a global pandemic. In times of an epidemic, people tend to experience fear of getting infected with the virus disease resulting in anxiety, stress, and depression, etc. The present study was a cross sectional survey with a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through electronic means. Link to the survey was posted on various social media platforms and circulated through emails and instant messaging applications and data was collected by using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale DASS 21 . it was found that the overall DASS mean score of participants with positive history of corona virus disease was significantly higher than those with negative history. In depression subscale, anxiety subscale and stress subscale the mean score of depression subscale, anxiety subscale and stress subscale was significantly higher in participants with positive history of corona virus disease than those with negative history. Mrs. Pooja Dhasmana | Mr. Saurabh kumar "Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid-19 Outbreak: A Comparative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42585.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/physiology/42585/anxiety-depression-and-stress-among-general-population-during-covid19-outbreak-a-comparative-study/mrs-pooja-dhasmana
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectPsychiatry ResearAlleneMcclendon878
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Psychiatry Research
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psychres
Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology
during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for U.S. young adult
mental health
Cindy H. Liu (PhD)a,c,d,⁎, Emily Zhang (MA)a,c, Ga Tin Fifi Wong (BA)a,c, Sunah Hyun (PhD)a,c,
Hyeouk “Chris” Hahm (PhD)b,c
a Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
b Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
c School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
d Harvard Medical School
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Psychological stress, Loneliness
University health services
Social support
Ethnicity
COVID-19
Depression
Anxiety
PTSD
A B S T R A C T
This study sought to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology in U.S.
young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional online study assessed 898
participants from April 13, 2020 to May 19, 2020, approximately one month after the U.S. declared a state of
emergency due to COVID-19 and prior to the initial lifting of restrictions across 50 U.S. states. Respondents
reported high levels of depression (43.3%, PHQ-8 scores ≥ 10), high anxiety scores (45.4%, GAD-7 scores ≥
10), and high levels of PTSD symptoms (31.8%, PCL-C scores ≥ 45). High levels of loneliness, high levels of
COVID-19-specific worry, and low distress tolerance were significantly associated with clinical levels of de-
pression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Resilience was associated with low levels of depression and anxiety
symptoms but not PTSD. Most respondents had high levels of social support; social support from family, but not
from partner or peers, was associated with low levels of depression and PTSD. Compared to Whites, Asian
Americans were less likely to report high levels across mental health symptoms, and Hispanic/Latinos were less
likely to report high levels of anxiety. These factors provide initial guidance regarding the clinical management
for COVID-19-related mental health problems.
1. Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic that has upended the lives of individuals
worldwide escalated in the U.S. beginning in March of 2020. Although
research on acute and widescale stressors (e.g., natural disasters), de-
monstrates severe implications for mental health (Kessler et al., 2008),
there is no precedent for understanding the mental health effects due to
COVID-19, as prospective studies investigating the effects of a pan-
demic are virtually non-existent. In particular, the identification of risk
factors associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) among U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the
pandemic is urgently needed. Comprising more than one-third of the
current U.S. workforce, young adults (often referred to as “Millennials”
and “Generation Z”) will be a dominant workforce grou ...
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019ijtsrd
Introduction The rise of Covid 19 had acquired a noteworthy change the normal life of the common people. Largely individuals were limited within their home in a state of quarantine. The situation where people limited to stay in idle stage added with fear of Covid 19 induced major psychological effects in the population.Evidence Acquisition This paper intends to review the psychological impact of COVID 19 and its relationship with uneasiness, anxiety and depression were examined. For this paper more than 10different studies have been reviewed using electronic data base, i.e., Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Science Direct. Result Detailed review of studies pointed Covid 19 and other outbreak impacted the psychological health of population adversely. The psychological effects of anxiety, depression insomnia are found in diverse class of population along with mortalities of Covid 19.Conclusion Along with major morbidity and mortalities of the Covid 19 and other epidemic outbreak situations, psychological issues also need to be addressed with major concern through any proper psychological healing procedures including various traditional medicinal systems. Aamir Mohsin | Rakhi Ahuja | Sreekiran CV "A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31141.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31141/a-review-on-psychological-impact-of-coronavirus-disease-2019/aamir-mohsin
For our senior year, we spent a whole semester gathering data to use for a research project. My 40 page paper / project was over Mental Health Among College Students in Southeast Texas. This document possesses all of the research that was used / gained in order to complete this project.
From Social to Personal Being - WPA WASP Symposium - Bangkok, Thailand - Di N...Université de Montréal
V Di Nicola (Invited Plenary),
“From Social to Personal Being: Social Psychiatry Approaches to Meet Clinical Challenges,”
WPA WASP Plenary Symposium, A Javed, V Di Nicola (Co-Chairs),
R Chadda, V Di Nicola A Molodynski (Presenters),
“Prioritizing Social Psychiatry Approaches in Mental Health Care,” 22nd World Congress of Psychiatry: “The Need for Empathy and Action,” World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Bangkok, Thailand,
August 6, 2022.
The presentation addresses three themes:
1. The place of the person in social psychiatry,
2. The struggle for a person-centred vision of health and social care, and
3. The challenges of the new coronavirus syndemic
Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Effects of Depression among Prison In...ijtsrd
Very few studies on mental health have been carried out with respect to Cameroonian prisons with none addressing depression amongst inmates. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and effects of depression amongst inmates in Buea central prison. A total of 296 inmates including 254 adult male, 22 females and 20 minor male were selected for the study. Data on depression symptoms was collected using PHQ 9 and semi structured questionnaires and all inmates were diagnosed classified as not depressed, mild, moderate and severe depression based on PHQ 9 scores of 0 4, 5 9, 10 19 and 20 27 respectively. Result revealed that the prevalence of depression in Buea central prison is 93.2 and the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe depression are 20.9 , 58.7 and 13.5 respectively. Identified risk factors such as missing love ones, being detained, lack of psychosocial support and low economic status were significantly higher in depressed than non depressed inmates P value 0.0002, 0.001, 0.006, and 0.029 respectively . Three identified effects of depression such as hyper anger, frequent tiredness and low self esteem significant were significantly higher in depressed than non depressed inmates P = 0.002, 0.0115, 0,019 respectively .Our findings revealed that the prevalence of depression in Buea central prison is high and stands at 93.2 . Missing love ones, being detained, lack of psychosocial support and low economic status are risk factors of depression and hyper anger, frequent tiredness and low self esteem are the effects associated with depression in Buea central prison. Binwi Florence | Sylvester Ndeso Atanga (AP) | Dr. Ambei Moses Chu | Endii Negatah Abungwah "Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Effects of Depression among Prison Inmates: Case of Buea Central Prison South West Region-Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29349.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/29349/prevalence-associated-risk-factors-and-effects-of-depression-among-prison-inmates-case-of-buea-central-prison-south-west-region-cameroon/binwi-florence
Christy DrummondDiscussion Wk 1 Factors That Influence the Deve.docxsleeperharwell
Christy Drummond
Discussion Wk 1: Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology
COLLAPSE
Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology
Psychopathology is defined as the study of mental illness. Culture, social, biological, and psychological factors can influence the development of psychopathology. For years researchers have studied humans to determine if genetic or environmental factors have a more significant impact on a person's behavior. The better we can understand why a mental disorder develops, the easier it will be to find effective treatments (Cuncic, 2020). For this discussion post, I will identify different factors that influence psychopathology.
Biological (Genetic and Neuroscientific)
Biological factors affect psychopathology. According to Sadock et al. (2015), "The study of families with the use of population genetic methods over the last 50 years has consistently supported a genetic, heritable component to mental disorders." Hereditary traits influence how a person will respond to different situations throughout their lifetime. The brain is comprised of many neurons and neurotransmitters that play a role in mental health disorders. Research has found 40-70% of a person's cognition, temperament, and personality arise from genetic factors (Sadock et al., 2015). In addition, many factors (drug use, smoking, premature birth) during pregnancy affect a fetus's biological makeup that can cause lifelong complications. Schizophrenia, depression, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are all neuropsychiatric conditions that originate during brain development (Sadock et al., 2015). Also, the way a person's body reacts to medications used to treat these disorders is influenced by genetics. It is impossible to explain the influence biologics have on psychopathology in one discussion post; many detailed books have been written hundreds of pages long attempting to explain the phenomenon.
Psychological (Behavioral and Cognitive Processes, Emotional, Developmental)
Psychological factors play a role in psychopathology. These factors can occur due to traumas such as childhood neglect, the death of an immediate family member, and abuse (physical, emotional, sexual). Physiological symptoms observed with psychopathology vary but can include changes in eating habits or mood, excessive worry, anxiety, distress, or fear, inability to concentrate, irritability or anger, low energy, sleep disturbances, and feelings of fatigue (Cuncic, 2020). Many times mental health disorders arise from the adverse effects during childhood or young adulthood. According to Masten & Kalstabakken (2018), "Community- or family-level violence can influence stress regulation systems within individuals." These stress regulation systems can lead to mental health disorders, including addiction, anxiety, depression, or PTSD. Psychological trends have been studied in some individuals that make .
Social Psychiatry and Person-centered Medicine: Integrating Social Determinan...Université de Montréal
V Di Nicola, “Social Psychiatry and Person-centered Medicine: Integrating Social Determinants (SDH) of Health and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) with Clinical Practice,” The Paradigm Change in Medicine: The Epistemological and Scientific Basis of Person-centered Medicine, Scuola Medica di Milano, Università Ambrosiana – Milan School of Medicine, Ambrosiana University, Milan, Italy, June 21-22, 2023. Abstract Prof. Di Nicola’s Honoris causa docendi eloquentia (inaugural honorary speech) for the Licentia Docendi ad Honorem (LD) (the Honorary Chair) Magister ad Honorem (MA Sc) (Honorary Professor) in June 2021 was entitled, “The Place of the Person in Social Psychiatry: A Synthesis of Person-centered Medicine with Social Psychiatry in the Time of the New Coronavirus Syndemic,” addressed three themes: (1) the place of the person in social psychiatry linking it with the person-centered paradigm for medicine, health, and social care; (2) the struggle for a person-centered vision of health and social care; and (3) the challenges of the coronavirus syndemic or combination of biological and social epidemics, for both medicine and society. Prof. Di Nicola concluded with a call for a synthesis of social psychiatry with person-centered medicine, balancing evidence-based medicine with values-based practice (Fulford, 2008), by embracing the emerging epistemology of the Global South (Di Nicola, 2020) and an eco-social perspective. This presentation elaborates three more areas to promote the integration of Social Psychiatry (Di Nicola, 2019) with Person-centered Medicine: (1) how to integrate Social Psychiatry’s epidemiological data base – the Social Determinants of Health (SDH)(CSDH, 2008) and the Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) Study (Fellitti, et al., 2010) – with clinical psychiatry; (2) how to reconcile the collectivist approach of Social Psychiatry (Di Nicola, 2021) and epidemiology with the individual perspective of Person-centered Medicine and clinical practice using the insights of social science (e.g., the distributed self, Gergen, 2001) and neuroscience (e.g., mirror neurons, Gallese, 2008); (3) presentation of social and clinical vignettes from the COVID-19 syndemic about isolation and loneliness (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020; Di Nicola, 2021; Jeste, et al., 2020) and another social plague of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)(Oram, et al., 2022) - and the antidote: belonging, which is to Social Psychiatry what attachment is to Child Psychiatry (Di Nicola, 2023).
Covid-19 And Movement Control Order: Stress and Coping Strategies of Student...Dr. Umair Ahmed
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) led students feel anxious with a constant internal dialogue
of ‘Am I safe?’ that may take a serious toll on their psyche. The self-quarantine and physical
distancing, economic hardship and fears of contracting the disease are likely sources of stress.
Quite apart, students may also experience both physical sufferings and mental stress due to the
news of increasing number of infected cases and reported deaths across the globe. A range of
expert guidelines have been developed by governments and health authorities to curtail the
spread of the virus. This study models a position paper which persuades the reader to realize that
the opinions expressed are valid and could be defended. In gathering supporting evidence, an
online qualitative survey was conducted to examine the stress of students observing self-
quarantine and physical distancing in and around Desa Ilmu and Unigardern in Kota Saramarahan
as well as in apartments at Jalan Kingfisher Sabah. These students were invited as respondents
in this online investigation using interview protocol to take their responses. This study is among
the first to examine the stress and coping strategies of students observing self-quarantine and
physical distancing. The paper may provide useful information about how students cope in
Social Psychiatry Perspectives - Di Nicola & Marussi - CPA Toronto - 29.10.2...Université de Montréal
CASP Workshop on Social Psychiatry
Canadian Psychiatric Association 72nd Annual Conference
Toronto, Ontario
October 27 – 29, 2022
Title:
Social Psychiatry Perspectives on the Health of Canadians:
A Social Psychiatry Manifesto & Intimate Partner Violence
Symposium Panel:
1. Vincenzo Di Nicola (Chair & Presenter, Montreal, QC)
2. Daphne Marussi (Presenter, Sherbrooke, QC)
Abstract:
This workshop sponsored by the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP) reviews two contemporary Canadian psychiatric issues from a social psychiatry perspective:
1. Vincenzo Di Nicola (Montreal, QC) presents a social psychiatry manifesto with an overview of Social Psychiatry in the 21st century by surveying three main branches of Social Psychiatry: (1) psychiatric epidemiological studies and public health; (2) community psychiatry; and (3) relational and social therapies such as couple, family and community therapies. Implications for research, practice, and teaching in social psychiatry will be outlined.
2. Daphne Marussi (Sherbrooke, QC) explores Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) which describes an alarming aspect of relational violence with major social psychiatric consequences: the physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current/former partner that is associated with many mental disorders from anxiety and depression to eating and substance abuse disorders. This presentation discusses different forms of psychological abuse and coercive control in IPV, the abused/abuser bond and their impacts and consequences.
References:
1. Di Nicola, V. Review article—“A person is a person through other persons”: A Social Psychiatry manifesto for the 21st century. World Social Psychiatry, 2019, 1(1): 8-21.
2. Snyder, R.L. No Visible Bruises - What We Don’t Know About Domestic Violence Can Kill Us. New York, NY, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.
Learning Objectives:
1. Redefine Social Psychiatry, name and describe its main branches: psychiatric epidemiology, community psychiatry, and relational therapies.
2. Describe Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) mainly against women, with examples of its mental health impacts, and its importance in Canadian society.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32952.62728
1. Are there relationships between personal (hygiene, eating habits.docxgasciognecaren
1. Are there relationships between personal (hygiene, eating habits, wearing of masks) social (public gatherings, proximity to one another) demographic (age, gender, education, racial ethnicity), and economic (occupation, level of education, annual income, home environment) factors and the spread, severity, and mortality rates of COVID patients worldwide?
2. Is there a difference in behaviour changes in people who have undergone cognitive behaviour therapy versus those who undergo pharmacologic intervention alone?
3. What is the difference in infection rates, pain intensity, inflammation, and restoration of functionality in people who have received prophylactic antibiotics and those who do not receive the prophylactic antibiotics during endodontic surgery?
4. What are nurses' perceptions towards patients who are non-adherent to the prescribed medications and are always complaining of deteriorating health?
Question one
: dependent and independent variables.
The dependent variables in the first question are hygiene eating habits, wearing masks, public gatherings, proximity to one another, occupation, level of education, annual income and home environment (variables), COVID patients (Population) and spread, severity, and mortality rates. (testability). The independent variables include age, gender, and race.
Why question 1?
The end of 2019 set the beginning of what would become a life-changing experience for virtually everyone worldwide in the following one year. When COVID-19 first struck in Wuhan China, nobody speculated that the disease would later spread across the globe, killing millions of people and negatively impacting the livelihood of the affected. Other than the deaths that the disease has brought upon innocent people, their governments across the nations have implemented stringent policies to help curb the spread, such as national lockdowns, closure of schools and other institutions, curfews, and other strict rules, all intended to prevent the infection rates. These government intervention measures had a huge economic, social, and personal impact on people and led to other problems, including but not limited to mental health.
Surprisingly, the disease was affecting different nations on varying intensities. For example, back in March 2020 COVID deaths in Italy were ranging above 700 on a daily basis while during the same time, there were very few cases and deaths in Africa (Di Lorenzo & Di Trolio, 2020; Onder et al., 2020). There were speculations that upon reaching Africa, COVID would lead to very high infection and mortality rates due to the poor healthcare systems and the relatively low economic status of most African countries. However, this turned out to be wrong as to date, the developed countries such as the USA, UK, and other European countries have the largest numbers of COVID cases and deaths (Bamgboye et al., 2020).
The relatively low numbers of new cases and deaths in Africa is intriguing. This calls for res.
The study was to determine the difficulties of every inmates spouse suffer a lot due to the imprisonment of their husband and the start of covid19 pandemic. The study focus on the negative outcome and the emotion of every inmates spouses. And It argue that the initial shock of incarceration challenged these spouses’ assumptive worlds, but they managed to overcome this crisis by finding meaning in the pandemic outbreak experience and using it as an opportunity for personal development. The respondent was having a trouble finding ways to survive in life due to covid19 pandemic and the imprisonment of their husband. It challenge them to be strong to stand in the most difficult time. The study found the following findings there were grouped together through themes such as (1) Family First regardless of everything, (2) Uncertainty of Family's future, (3) Facing Difficulty and Depressed on the situation, (4) Stand alone to face the challenges, (5) Pandemic Exacerbated Burden. generally, most of the participants have endured hardship and trouble finding work as a result of the pandemic. The inmates spouses struggled being a victim of epidemic may have significant connections with emotional behaviors. Based on the findings and conclusions, the researcher would like to recommend that inmate’s spouses have a positive thinking and to look forward in the life. They should constantly have a strategy in place for how to obtain work while keeping the children's circumstances in mind, so that they may do their jobs without hesitation.
The Risk Lies in Not Knowing HIV AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHAijtsrd
Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is a disease that targets and changes the human immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. Without treatment, this virus progresses to an advanced disease called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS . Ignorance of HIV AIDS can lead to the stigmatization of PLWHA. This prevents PLWHA from contributing to society meaningfully and damages their social and psychological health. This study sought to determine the level of awareness towards HIV AIDS and the level of acceptance towards PLWHA among senior high school SHS students in the 9th cluster of Toledo City, Cebu. It further sought to determine whether or not a correlation exists between the students' awareness and acceptance towards PLWHA. To arrive at these, this study utilized questions adopted from Carey, Beedy and Johnson 1997 , and Unnikrishnan, Mithra and Reshmi 2010 for HIV AIDS awareness and HIV AIDS Acceptance, respectively with slight modifications in the wording for the students' comfort. The respondents of this study were 336 SHS students, selected via stratified random sampling from an overall population of 2,094 SHS students. The study found that the respondents exhibited a high level of awareness about HIV AIDS, as well as a high level of acceptance towards PLWHA. Further, it was found that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and awareness of HIV AIDS. It was also found that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and attitude towards PLWHA. This study arrived at the conclusion that there is a statistically significant and strong correlation between the respondents' awareness and attitude towards PLWHA. Gordon Matthew C. Suico | Christy B. Alfeche "The Risk Lies in Not Knowing: HIV/AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47674.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/47674/the-risk-lies-in-not-knowing-hivaids-awareness-and-acceptance-towards-plwha/gordon-matthew-c-suico
“The Experimental Child”: Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic o...Université de Montréal
World Psychiatric Association
World Congress – Bangkok, Thailand 2020
WPA-WASP Inter-organizational Symposium
“The Experimental Child”:
Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Children
and the Future of Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA, FCPA
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal
President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP)
President-Elect, World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP)
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus pandemic a natural laboratory of stress offering social psychiatrists a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020). This exceptional set of circumstances – in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies – is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced experimental childhood in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions and prospective pediatric, psychological and social studies will be outlined.
what are the mental health effects during COVID 19. symptoms, mental health effects in healthcare providers, in elderly, in covid patients and in children. how to manage these symptoms. psychological health of a person during coronavirus pandemic, WHO, health issues in people during COVID, effects of social media on mental health, psychotherapy and exercise
Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...ijtsrd
On 11 Mar 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak a global pandemic. In times of an epidemic, people tend to experience fear of getting infected with the virus disease resulting in anxiety, stress, and depression, etc. The present study was a cross sectional survey with a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through electronic means. Link to the survey was posted on various social media platforms and circulated through emails and instant messaging applications and data was collected by using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale DASS 21 . it was found that the overall DASS mean score of participants with positive history of corona virus disease was significantly higher than those with negative history. In depression subscale, anxiety subscale and stress subscale the mean score of depression subscale, anxiety subscale and stress subscale was significantly higher in participants with positive history of corona virus disease than those with negative history. Mrs. Pooja Dhasmana | Mr. Saurabh kumar "Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid-19 Outbreak: A Comparative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42585.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/physiology/42585/anxiety-depression-and-stress-among-general-population-during-covid19-outbreak-a-comparative-study/mrs-pooja-dhasmana
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectPsychiatry ResearAlleneMcclendon878
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Psychiatry Research
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psychres
Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology
during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for U.S. young adult
mental health
Cindy H. Liu (PhD)a,c,d,⁎, Emily Zhang (MA)a,c, Ga Tin Fifi Wong (BA)a,c, Sunah Hyun (PhD)a,c,
Hyeouk “Chris” Hahm (PhD)b,c
a Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
b Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
c School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
d Harvard Medical School
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Psychological stress, Loneliness
University health services
Social support
Ethnicity
COVID-19
Depression
Anxiety
PTSD
A B S T R A C T
This study sought to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology in U.S.
young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional online study assessed 898
participants from April 13, 2020 to May 19, 2020, approximately one month after the U.S. declared a state of
emergency due to COVID-19 and prior to the initial lifting of restrictions across 50 U.S. states. Respondents
reported high levels of depression (43.3%, PHQ-8 scores ≥ 10), high anxiety scores (45.4%, GAD-7 scores ≥
10), and high levels of PTSD symptoms (31.8%, PCL-C scores ≥ 45). High levels of loneliness, high levels of
COVID-19-specific worry, and low distress tolerance were significantly associated with clinical levels of de-
pression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Resilience was associated with low levels of depression and anxiety
symptoms but not PTSD. Most respondents had high levels of social support; social support from family, but not
from partner or peers, was associated with low levels of depression and PTSD. Compared to Whites, Asian
Americans were less likely to report high levels across mental health symptoms, and Hispanic/Latinos were less
likely to report high levels of anxiety. These factors provide initial guidance regarding the clinical management
for COVID-19-related mental health problems.
1. Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic that has upended the lives of individuals
worldwide escalated in the U.S. beginning in March of 2020. Although
research on acute and widescale stressors (e.g., natural disasters), de-
monstrates severe implications for mental health (Kessler et al., 2008),
there is no precedent for understanding the mental health effects due to
COVID-19, as prospective studies investigating the effects of a pan-
demic are virtually non-existent. In particular, the identification of risk
factors associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) among U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the
pandemic is urgently needed. Comprising more than one-third of the
current U.S. workforce, young adults (often referred to as “Millennials”
and “Generation Z”) will be a dominant workforce grou ...
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019ijtsrd
Introduction The rise of Covid 19 had acquired a noteworthy change the normal life of the common people. Largely individuals were limited within their home in a state of quarantine. The situation where people limited to stay in idle stage added with fear of Covid 19 induced major psychological effects in the population.Evidence Acquisition This paper intends to review the psychological impact of COVID 19 and its relationship with uneasiness, anxiety and depression were examined. For this paper more than 10different studies have been reviewed using electronic data base, i.e., Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Science Direct. Result Detailed review of studies pointed Covid 19 and other outbreak impacted the psychological health of population adversely. The psychological effects of anxiety, depression insomnia are found in diverse class of population along with mortalities of Covid 19.Conclusion Along with major morbidity and mortalities of the Covid 19 and other epidemic outbreak situations, psychological issues also need to be addressed with major concern through any proper psychological healing procedures including various traditional medicinal systems. Aamir Mohsin | Rakhi Ahuja | Sreekiran CV "A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31141.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31141/a-review-on-psychological-impact-of-coronavirus-disease-2019/aamir-mohsin
For our senior year, we spent a whole semester gathering data to use for a research project. My 40 page paper / project was over Mental Health Among College Students in Southeast Texas. This document possesses all of the research that was used / gained in order to complete this project.
From Social to Personal Being - WPA WASP Symposium - Bangkok, Thailand - Di N...Université de Montréal
V Di Nicola (Invited Plenary),
“From Social to Personal Being: Social Psychiatry Approaches to Meet Clinical Challenges,”
WPA WASP Plenary Symposium, A Javed, V Di Nicola (Co-Chairs),
R Chadda, V Di Nicola A Molodynski (Presenters),
“Prioritizing Social Psychiatry Approaches in Mental Health Care,” 22nd World Congress of Psychiatry: “The Need for Empathy and Action,” World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Bangkok, Thailand,
August 6, 2022.
The presentation addresses three themes:
1. The place of the person in social psychiatry,
2. The struggle for a person-centred vision of health and social care, and
3. The challenges of the new coronavirus syndemic
Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Effects of Depression among Prison In...ijtsrd
Very few studies on mental health have been carried out with respect to Cameroonian prisons with none addressing depression amongst inmates. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and effects of depression amongst inmates in Buea central prison. A total of 296 inmates including 254 adult male, 22 females and 20 minor male were selected for the study. Data on depression symptoms was collected using PHQ 9 and semi structured questionnaires and all inmates were diagnosed classified as not depressed, mild, moderate and severe depression based on PHQ 9 scores of 0 4, 5 9, 10 19 and 20 27 respectively. Result revealed that the prevalence of depression in Buea central prison is 93.2 and the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe depression are 20.9 , 58.7 and 13.5 respectively. Identified risk factors such as missing love ones, being detained, lack of psychosocial support and low economic status were significantly higher in depressed than non depressed inmates P value 0.0002, 0.001, 0.006, and 0.029 respectively . Three identified effects of depression such as hyper anger, frequent tiredness and low self esteem significant were significantly higher in depressed than non depressed inmates P = 0.002, 0.0115, 0,019 respectively .Our findings revealed that the prevalence of depression in Buea central prison is high and stands at 93.2 . Missing love ones, being detained, lack of psychosocial support and low economic status are risk factors of depression and hyper anger, frequent tiredness and low self esteem are the effects associated with depression in Buea central prison. Binwi Florence | Sylvester Ndeso Atanga (AP) | Dr. Ambei Moses Chu | Endii Negatah Abungwah "Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Effects of Depression among Prison Inmates: Case of Buea Central Prison South West Region-Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29349.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/29349/prevalence-associated-risk-factors-and-effects-of-depression-among-prison-inmates-case-of-buea-central-prison-south-west-region-cameroon/binwi-florence
Christy DrummondDiscussion Wk 1 Factors That Influence the Deve.docxsleeperharwell
Christy Drummond
Discussion Wk 1: Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology
COLLAPSE
Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology
Psychopathology is defined as the study of mental illness. Culture, social, biological, and psychological factors can influence the development of psychopathology. For years researchers have studied humans to determine if genetic or environmental factors have a more significant impact on a person's behavior. The better we can understand why a mental disorder develops, the easier it will be to find effective treatments (Cuncic, 2020). For this discussion post, I will identify different factors that influence psychopathology.
Biological (Genetic and Neuroscientific)
Biological factors affect psychopathology. According to Sadock et al. (2015), "The study of families with the use of population genetic methods over the last 50 years has consistently supported a genetic, heritable component to mental disorders." Hereditary traits influence how a person will respond to different situations throughout their lifetime. The brain is comprised of many neurons and neurotransmitters that play a role in mental health disorders. Research has found 40-70% of a person's cognition, temperament, and personality arise from genetic factors (Sadock et al., 2015). In addition, many factors (drug use, smoking, premature birth) during pregnancy affect a fetus's biological makeup that can cause lifelong complications. Schizophrenia, depression, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are all neuropsychiatric conditions that originate during brain development (Sadock et al., 2015). Also, the way a person's body reacts to medications used to treat these disorders is influenced by genetics. It is impossible to explain the influence biologics have on psychopathology in one discussion post; many detailed books have been written hundreds of pages long attempting to explain the phenomenon.
Psychological (Behavioral and Cognitive Processes, Emotional, Developmental)
Psychological factors play a role in psychopathology. These factors can occur due to traumas such as childhood neglect, the death of an immediate family member, and abuse (physical, emotional, sexual). Physiological symptoms observed with psychopathology vary but can include changes in eating habits or mood, excessive worry, anxiety, distress, or fear, inability to concentrate, irritability or anger, low energy, sleep disturbances, and feelings of fatigue (Cuncic, 2020). Many times mental health disorders arise from the adverse effects during childhood or young adulthood. According to Masten & Kalstabakken (2018), "Community- or family-level violence can influence stress regulation systems within individuals." These stress regulation systems can lead to mental health disorders, including addiction, anxiety, depression, or PTSD. Psychological trends have been studied in some individuals that make .
Social Psychiatry and Person-centered Medicine: Integrating Social Determinan...Université de Montréal
V Di Nicola, “Social Psychiatry and Person-centered Medicine: Integrating Social Determinants (SDH) of Health and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) with Clinical Practice,” The Paradigm Change in Medicine: The Epistemological and Scientific Basis of Person-centered Medicine, Scuola Medica di Milano, Università Ambrosiana – Milan School of Medicine, Ambrosiana University, Milan, Italy, June 21-22, 2023. Abstract Prof. Di Nicola’s Honoris causa docendi eloquentia (inaugural honorary speech) for the Licentia Docendi ad Honorem (LD) (the Honorary Chair) Magister ad Honorem (MA Sc) (Honorary Professor) in June 2021 was entitled, “The Place of the Person in Social Psychiatry: A Synthesis of Person-centered Medicine with Social Psychiatry in the Time of the New Coronavirus Syndemic,” addressed three themes: (1) the place of the person in social psychiatry linking it with the person-centered paradigm for medicine, health, and social care; (2) the struggle for a person-centered vision of health and social care; and (3) the challenges of the coronavirus syndemic or combination of biological and social epidemics, for both medicine and society. Prof. Di Nicola concluded with a call for a synthesis of social psychiatry with person-centered medicine, balancing evidence-based medicine with values-based practice (Fulford, 2008), by embracing the emerging epistemology of the Global South (Di Nicola, 2020) and an eco-social perspective. This presentation elaborates three more areas to promote the integration of Social Psychiatry (Di Nicola, 2019) with Person-centered Medicine: (1) how to integrate Social Psychiatry’s epidemiological data base – the Social Determinants of Health (SDH)(CSDH, 2008) and the Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) Study (Fellitti, et al., 2010) – with clinical psychiatry; (2) how to reconcile the collectivist approach of Social Psychiatry (Di Nicola, 2021) and epidemiology with the individual perspective of Person-centered Medicine and clinical practice using the insights of social science (e.g., the distributed self, Gergen, 2001) and neuroscience (e.g., mirror neurons, Gallese, 2008); (3) presentation of social and clinical vignettes from the COVID-19 syndemic about isolation and loneliness (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020; Di Nicola, 2021; Jeste, et al., 2020) and another social plague of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)(Oram, et al., 2022) - and the antidote: belonging, which is to Social Psychiatry what attachment is to Child Psychiatry (Di Nicola, 2023).
Covid-19 And Movement Control Order: Stress and Coping Strategies of Student...Dr. Umair Ahmed
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) led students feel anxious with a constant internal dialogue
of ‘Am I safe?’ that may take a serious toll on their psyche. The self-quarantine and physical
distancing, economic hardship and fears of contracting the disease are likely sources of stress.
Quite apart, students may also experience both physical sufferings and mental stress due to the
news of increasing number of infected cases and reported deaths across the globe. A range of
expert guidelines have been developed by governments and health authorities to curtail the
spread of the virus. This study models a position paper which persuades the reader to realize that
the opinions expressed are valid and could be defended. In gathering supporting evidence, an
online qualitative survey was conducted to examine the stress of students observing self-
quarantine and physical distancing in and around Desa Ilmu and Unigardern in Kota Saramarahan
as well as in apartments at Jalan Kingfisher Sabah. These students were invited as respondents
in this online investigation using interview protocol to take their responses. This study is among
the first to examine the stress and coping strategies of students observing self-quarantine and
physical distancing. The paper may provide useful information about how students cope in
Social Psychiatry Perspectives - Di Nicola & Marussi - CPA Toronto - 29.10.2...Université de Montréal
CASP Workshop on Social Psychiatry
Canadian Psychiatric Association 72nd Annual Conference
Toronto, Ontario
October 27 – 29, 2022
Title:
Social Psychiatry Perspectives on the Health of Canadians:
A Social Psychiatry Manifesto & Intimate Partner Violence
Symposium Panel:
1. Vincenzo Di Nicola (Chair & Presenter, Montreal, QC)
2. Daphne Marussi (Presenter, Sherbrooke, QC)
Abstract:
This workshop sponsored by the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP) reviews two contemporary Canadian psychiatric issues from a social psychiatry perspective:
1. Vincenzo Di Nicola (Montreal, QC) presents a social psychiatry manifesto with an overview of Social Psychiatry in the 21st century by surveying three main branches of Social Psychiatry: (1) psychiatric epidemiological studies and public health; (2) community psychiatry; and (3) relational and social therapies such as couple, family and community therapies. Implications for research, practice, and teaching in social psychiatry will be outlined.
2. Daphne Marussi (Sherbrooke, QC) explores Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) which describes an alarming aspect of relational violence with major social psychiatric consequences: the physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current/former partner that is associated with many mental disorders from anxiety and depression to eating and substance abuse disorders. This presentation discusses different forms of psychological abuse and coercive control in IPV, the abused/abuser bond and their impacts and consequences.
References:
1. Di Nicola, V. Review article—“A person is a person through other persons”: A Social Psychiatry manifesto for the 21st century. World Social Psychiatry, 2019, 1(1): 8-21.
2. Snyder, R.L. No Visible Bruises - What We Don’t Know About Domestic Violence Can Kill Us. New York, NY, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.
Learning Objectives:
1. Redefine Social Psychiatry, name and describe its main branches: psychiatric epidemiology, community psychiatry, and relational therapies.
2. Describe Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) mainly against women, with examples of its mental health impacts, and its importance in Canadian society.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32952.62728
1. Are there relationships between personal (hygiene, eating habits.docxgasciognecaren
1. Are there relationships between personal (hygiene, eating habits, wearing of masks) social (public gatherings, proximity to one another) demographic (age, gender, education, racial ethnicity), and economic (occupation, level of education, annual income, home environment) factors and the spread, severity, and mortality rates of COVID patients worldwide?
2. Is there a difference in behaviour changes in people who have undergone cognitive behaviour therapy versus those who undergo pharmacologic intervention alone?
3. What is the difference in infection rates, pain intensity, inflammation, and restoration of functionality in people who have received prophylactic antibiotics and those who do not receive the prophylactic antibiotics during endodontic surgery?
4. What are nurses' perceptions towards patients who are non-adherent to the prescribed medications and are always complaining of deteriorating health?
Question one
: dependent and independent variables.
The dependent variables in the first question are hygiene eating habits, wearing masks, public gatherings, proximity to one another, occupation, level of education, annual income and home environment (variables), COVID patients (Population) and spread, severity, and mortality rates. (testability). The independent variables include age, gender, and race.
Why question 1?
The end of 2019 set the beginning of what would become a life-changing experience for virtually everyone worldwide in the following one year. When COVID-19 first struck in Wuhan China, nobody speculated that the disease would later spread across the globe, killing millions of people and negatively impacting the livelihood of the affected. Other than the deaths that the disease has brought upon innocent people, their governments across the nations have implemented stringent policies to help curb the spread, such as national lockdowns, closure of schools and other institutions, curfews, and other strict rules, all intended to prevent the infection rates. These government intervention measures had a huge economic, social, and personal impact on people and led to other problems, including but not limited to mental health.
Surprisingly, the disease was affecting different nations on varying intensities. For example, back in March 2020 COVID deaths in Italy were ranging above 700 on a daily basis while during the same time, there were very few cases and deaths in Africa (Di Lorenzo & Di Trolio, 2020; Onder et al., 2020). There were speculations that upon reaching Africa, COVID would lead to very high infection and mortality rates due to the poor healthcare systems and the relatively low economic status of most African countries. However, this turned out to be wrong as to date, the developed countries such as the USA, UK, and other European countries have the largest numbers of COVID cases and deaths (Bamgboye et al., 2020).
The relatively low numbers of new cases and deaths in Africa is intriguing. This calls for res.
The study was to determine the difficulties of every inmates spouse suffer a lot due to the imprisonment of their husband and the start of covid19 pandemic. The study focus on the negative outcome and the emotion of every inmates spouses. And It argue that the initial shock of incarceration challenged these spouses’ assumptive worlds, but they managed to overcome this crisis by finding meaning in the pandemic outbreak experience and using it as an opportunity for personal development. The respondent was having a trouble finding ways to survive in life due to covid19 pandemic and the imprisonment of their husband. It challenge them to be strong to stand in the most difficult time. The study found the following findings there were grouped together through themes such as (1) Family First regardless of everything, (2) Uncertainty of Family's future, (3) Facing Difficulty and Depressed on the situation, (4) Stand alone to face the challenges, (5) Pandemic Exacerbated Burden. generally, most of the participants have endured hardship and trouble finding work as a result of the pandemic. The inmates spouses struggled being a victim of epidemic may have significant connections with emotional behaviors. Based on the findings and conclusions, the researcher would like to recommend that inmate’s spouses have a positive thinking and to look forward in the life. They should constantly have a strategy in place for how to obtain work while keeping the children's circumstances in mind, so that they may do their jobs without hesitation.
The Risk Lies in Not Knowing HIV AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHAijtsrd
Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is a disease that targets and changes the human immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. Without treatment, this virus progresses to an advanced disease called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS . Ignorance of HIV AIDS can lead to the stigmatization of PLWHA. This prevents PLWHA from contributing to society meaningfully and damages their social and psychological health. This study sought to determine the level of awareness towards HIV AIDS and the level of acceptance towards PLWHA among senior high school SHS students in the 9th cluster of Toledo City, Cebu. It further sought to determine whether or not a correlation exists between the students' awareness and acceptance towards PLWHA. To arrive at these, this study utilized questions adopted from Carey, Beedy and Johnson 1997 , and Unnikrishnan, Mithra and Reshmi 2010 for HIV AIDS awareness and HIV AIDS Acceptance, respectively with slight modifications in the wording for the students' comfort. The respondents of this study were 336 SHS students, selected via stratified random sampling from an overall population of 2,094 SHS students. The study found that the respondents exhibited a high level of awareness about HIV AIDS, as well as a high level of acceptance towards PLWHA. Further, it was found that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and awareness of HIV AIDS. It was also found that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and attitude towards PLWHA. This study arrived at the conclusion that there is a statistically significant and strong correlation between the respondents' awareness and attitude towards PLWHA. Gordon Matthew C. Suico | Christy B. Alfeche "The Risk Lies in Not Knowing: HIV/AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47674.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/47674/the-risk-lies-in-not-knowing-hivaids-awareness-and-acceptance-towards-plwha/gordon-matthew-c-suico
“The Experimental Child”: Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic o...Université de Montréal
World Psychiatric Association
World Congress – Bangkok, Thailand 2020
WPA-WASP Inter-organizational Symposium
“The Experimental Child”:
Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Children
and the Future of Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA, FCPA
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal
President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP)
President-Elect, World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP)
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus pandemic a natural laboratory of stress offering social psychiatrists a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020). This exceptional set of circumstances – in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies – is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced experimental childhood in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions and prospective pediatric, psychological and social studies will be outlined.
what are the mental health effects during COVID 19. symptoms, mental health effects in healthcare providers, in elderly, in covid patients and in children. how to manage these symptoms. psychological health of a person during coronavirus pandemic, WHO, health issues in people during COVID, effects of social media on mental health, psychotherapy and exercise
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
fpsyg-12-633384.pdf
1. ORIGINAL RESEARCH
published: 11 March 2021
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633384
Edited by:
Claude-Hélène Mayer,
University of Johannesburg,
South Africa
Reviewed by:
Rytis Pakrosnis,
Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania
Andrea Zammitti,
University of Catania, Italy
*Correspondence:
Zeynep Karataş
zeynepkaratas1972@hotmail.com
Specialty section:
This article was submitted to
Personality and Social Psychology,
a section of the journal
Frontiers in Psychology
Received: 25 November 2020
Accepted: 22 February 2021
Published: 11 March 2021
Citation:
Karataş Z, Uzun K and Tagay Ö
(2021) Relationships Between the Life
Satisfaction, Meaning in Life, Hope
and COVID-19 Fear for Turkish Adults
During the COVID-19 Outbreak.
Front. Psychol. 12:633384.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633384
Relationships Between the Life
Satisfaction, Meaning in Life, Hope
and COVID-19 Fear for Turkish Adults
During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Zeynep Karataş*, Kıvanç Uzun and Özlem Tagay
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
The current study investigated whether there are significant relationships between life
satisfaction and meaning in life, hope and COVID-19 fear and the extent to which life
satisfaction is predicted by these variables. The study group of this research consists
of 1,186 adults with the mean age of 41.04. Study group participants are consists
of different cities of different regions of Turkey. As the data collection tools, the life
satisfaction scale, the meaning in life scale, the dispositional hope scale and the COVID-
19 fear scale were used. The results of the analyses have revealed that meaning in
life, hope (actuating thinking and alternative ways thinking) are significant predictors of
life satisfaction as positively. Besides, it is seen COVID-19 fear, age, gender and the
presence of people infected with COVID-19 around aren’t significant predictors of life
satisfaction in adults.
Keywords: life satisfaction, meaning in life, hope, COVID-19 fear, adults
INTRODUCTION
As a result of cases of unknown etiology seen in Wuhan City, of China in December 2019,
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; that is, Corona disease was named as COVID-19 by the
World Health Organization (WHO) (Wang C. et al., 2020). Many countries in the world have
set restrictions and taken policy measures within the context of social withdrawal, distance
working and self-isolation. Severe economic repercussions have occurred. Because of the COVID-
19 outbreak, people’s daily work activities have deteriorated, and reasons such as reduced
social interactions and difficulty in adapting to the new situation have also brought about
psychological problems for many individuals. Individuals who cannot access social support
networks when they need it cannot meet their congenital attachment and acceptance needs.
This may lead to psychological and emotional disorders such as depression, anxiety, substance
abuse and suicidal ideation throughout the society (Godinic et al., 2020). According to the
data published on the website of the WHO, it is seen that there were 54.301.156 confirmed
cases and 1.316.994 deaths worldwide within the scope of the corona virus outbreak on
November 16, 20201
(World Health Organization [WHO], 2020a). On the same date by the
health ministry confirmed cases in Turkey, the total number of 417.594, while the number of
1
https://covid19.who.int/
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2. Karataş et al. Life Satisfaction in Turkish Adults
deaths has been reported as a total 11.601. The first officially
reported COVID-19 case in Turkey was on March 10, 2020 and
the numbers have escalated rapidly. The Turkish government
urged citizens to stay at home except for necessities and
urgencies. Currently, Turkey has the most confirmed COVID-19
cases outside of Europe and the United States, leaving China and
Iran behind (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020b).
In coronavirus pandemic people’s feelings and thoughts about
the social world and their own lives can be negatively affected
by the process. People can be worried about losing their jobs
and going out and have to change their old social life habits,
and may be afraid of being infected by any person they
encounter. Fear refers to a normal reaction to an emerging
threat that prepares the individual to react acutely to possible
physical and mental harm (Pappas et al., 2009). Fear is an
adaptive emotion that serves to mobilize energy to deal with
potential threat. However, when fear is not well calibrated to
the actual threat, it can be maladaptive. For instance, when fear
is too excessive, this may have detrimental effects both at the
individual and societal level. On the other hand, when there is
insufficient fear, this may also result in harm for individuals and
society (Deacon and Maack, 2008; Olatunji et al., 2011; in cited
Mertens et al., 2020).
The coronavirus pandemic makes people feel scared,
uncertain and anxious (Jerzy et al., 2020). In the event of fear, the
person can concentrate on the death news caused by COVID-19
and can infect his/her family members and environment with
this fear. Thoughts of getting sick during an epidemic also
increase fear. The intensity of negative thoughts that arise during
a pandemic also causes negative emotions such as fear. On the
other hand, fear is also accepted as an emotion that has functional
and evolutionary importance and can be encountered anywhere
(Ho et al., 2020; Presti et al., 2020).
The good life necessarily entails well-being. The psychology
of well-being serves as an umbrella term for happiness, health,
flourishing, and optimal functioning at both the individual and
national levels in both positive and negative conditions. Given
that there are cultural differences, well-being still provides a
useful index on how we are doing and how well we live at the
individual and national level (Wong, 2011). Diener and Tov
(2009) have reported that overall life satisfaction and positive
effects have different predictors in different countries. Well-being
reflects not only healthy functioning and happiness (Ryan and
Huta, 2009), but also serves an evaluative function in the self-
determination process (Ryan et al., 2008). Pandemic effects well-
being; it is important to look for correlates which could serve as
protective or risk factors; fear was chosen as a possible risk factor,
hope and meaning in life, as possible protective factors.
During the pandemic period, the effect of positive psychology
concepts on well-being has become even more important.
Positive Psychology 2.0 (PP 2.0), as conceptualized by Wong
(2011), proposed that the most promising strategy to accomplish
the mission of positive psychology is to confront the dark side
of human existence and understand the unique experience and
expression of well-being in different cultures. Thus, PP 2.0
emphasized the existential universal on one hand, and indigenous
cultural expression on the other hand.
The recent contributions of positive psychology present the
quality of life as a fundamental indicator for health promotion
and prevention strategies (Santisi et al., 2020). According to PP
2.0 (Wong, 2011), well-being is not the algebra of positive minus
negative but positive plus negative. In other words, the capacity to
transcend and transform negative provides an additional source
of well-being to positively based well-being. Well-being enriches
and energizes life; it also endows life with a sense of joy and
meaning. All the struggles and sufferings seem worth it when we
are able to drink from the fountains of happiness. It is tempting
to view the meaning in life purely in terms of positive effects.
However, psychology of well-being needs to study both the perils
of happiness (Wong, 2007) and the benefits of suffering (Frankl,
1963; Wong, 2009).
Subjective well-being is one of the important concepts of
positive psychology. It is the personal perception and experience
of positive and negative emotional responses and global and
(domain) specific cognitive evaluations of satisfaction with life.
Life satisfaction has been defined as “a person’s cognitive and
affective evaluations of his or her life” (Diener et al., 2002). Life
satisfaction, meaning in life and hope are some of the most
important factors that affect the individual’s thoughts and feelings
in situations of danger. In addition, these factors affect how
the current situation and the future are evaluated if the danger
continues for a long time and people’s order of life starts to
deteriorate. Higher meaning in life and hope associated by a high
level of life satisfaction can help people cope with dangerous
irregularities (Abrams et al., 2005; Batthyany and Russo-Netzer,
2014). In the literature, there are studies investigating the
relationship of life satisfaction with life quality (Manning-Walsh,
2005); with hope and personality characteristics (Halama, 2010);
with happiness, depression, hope and meaning in life (Nasiri and
Bahram, 2008); with humor and sense of gratitude (Proyer et al.,
2013); with perfectionism and humor (Çalışandemir and Tagay,
2015); with social support, self-esteem and gender roles (Matud
et al., 2014); with sensitivity to increasing social risk and negative
feelings (Li et al., 2020).
Hope is considered an important determinant of positive
development. Hope is defined as the person’s belief in his/her
capacity to achieve his/her goals, pondering about his/her goals
and proceeding toward them (Snyder, 2002). In the literature,
hope was found to be correlated with life satisfaction (Valle
et al., 2004) and personal adaptation and psychological well-being
(Gilman and Huebner, 2006). It was also related to optimism and
life satisfaction (Ciarrochi et al., 2007); meaning in life (Feldman
and Snyder, 2005) and resilience (Wu, 2011; Duggal et al., 2016).
People seek ways of understanding themselves and the world
and exhibit cognitive and behavioral activities to accomplish
this (Higgins, 2000). When people theoretically understand
themselves and the world, why they are in the world and
determine what they want in their lives, they experience the
existence of meaning. In this way, people can find meaning in
life. Meaning in life is defined as the strength and intensity
of the efforts made by people to understand and/or increase
the meaning, importance and purpose in their lives (Steger
et al., 2008). PP 2.0 adds depth to psychology by applying the
paradoxical principle of treating suffering as the foundation
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3. Karataş et al. Life Satisfaction in Turkish Adults
for sustainable well-being, as illustrated by Leung’s (2019)
tragic optimism of restoring hope through accepting and
overcoming traumas and Bowers’ (2019) mature happiness
through transcending the dark side of life.
In this way, people search for meaning as a natural part
of their life and this search for meaning can lead people to
new opportunities and challenges. In contrast, some authors
see search for meaning as a symptom of malfunctioning. For
example, Baumeister (1991) and Klinger (1998) note that search
for meaning is only for people who feel disappointed while trying
to meet their needs. Focusing on meaning in life, Frankl (1992)
states that meaning alleviates the negative outcomes of painful
events encountered by people. Meaning in life is accepted as a
positive trait, which is an indicator of well-being (Ryff, 1989).
Jones (1995) stresses that search for meaning is one of the
most important indicators of mental health. Frankl (1992) argues
that the meaning in life can change from time to time, but it
never disappears. There are different ways of finding meaning
in life. These can be engaging in a task, interacting with people,
living goodness, righteousness, beauty, spending time in nature
and loving a person. When the explanations made about the
meaning in life are taken into consideration, it is seen that the
meaning in life does not have a single and universal definition,
but it is a concept related to many concepts including especially
positive psychology.
Meaning in life is also expressed as an indicator of well-being
(Kashdan and Steger, 2007). In the literature, it is stated that
meaning in life is related to life satisfaction (Pan et al., 2008);
resilience and well-being (Lightsey, 2006); positive and negative
well-being (Scannell et al., 2002). Having a sense of meaning in
life can play a key role to sustain and maintain psychological
health of those who suffer from problems. Meaningful living
has become a central topic in existential positive psychology
(PP 2.0; Wong, 2011, 2019) which is characterized by a
balanced understanding of the good life, incorporating the
dynamic interaction between positives and negatives, meaning-
centered, and culture.
Well-being enriches and energizes life; it also endows life with
a sense of joy and meaning. However, psychology of well-being
needs to study both the perils of happiness (Wong, 2007) and
the benefits of suffering (Frankl, 1992; Wong, 2009). A complete
theory of well-being needs to take into account negative emotions
and suffering (in cited Wong, 2011).
Meaning in life and hope contribute positively to an
individual’s life satisfaction and increase his well-being in difficult
times. Like these variables, fear contributes to the individual’s
self-protection by staying alert in difficult times. Although the
individual experiences intense fear, positive factors such as
meaning in life and hope can increase the person’s self-protection.
Therefore, in the regression model created in this study, the
fear of COVID-19 and the variables of meaning in life and
hope were taken together. The results of the present study are
expected to provide guidance for future studies and researchers.
The present study aims to determine whether life satisfaction has
significant relationships with meaning in life, hope, COVID-19
fear, age, gender and the presence of people infected with
COVID-19 around.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research Model
The relational survey model was employed in the present study
to investigate the relationships between life satisfaction, meaning
in life, hope and COVID-19 fear.
Study Group
The study group of the present study consists of 1,186 adults
with the mean age of 41.04. While selecting the sample,
the convenience sampling method, one of the non-random
sampling methods, was used. The convenience sampling refers
to construction of the sample starting with the most convenient
respondents until reaching the sample size desired by the
researcher (Büyüköztürk et al., 2016). Study group participants
are consists of different cities of different regions of Turkey. These
cities include Istanbul, Ankara, Konya, Izmir, Denizli, Muğla,
Adana, Burdur, Mersin, Antalya, Malatya, Diyarbakır, and Niğde.
The demographic features of the sample constructed with this
method are given below.
Of the participants in the study group, 57.80% (n = 685) are
females and 42.20% (n = 501) are males. Of the participants,
21.70% (n = 257) are in the age group 18–24, 15.80% (n = 187)
are in the age group 25-30, 17.50% (n = 207) are in the age group
31–37, 14.80% (n = 175) are in the age group 38-44, 11.50%
(n = 136) are in the age group 45–50, 14.80% (n = 176) are in
the age group 51-60 and 4% (n = 48) are in the age group 65
and over. While 8.30% (n = 98) of the participants have people
infected with COVID-19 around, 91.70% (n = 1088) do not have
cases infected with COVID-19 around. Of the participants in
the study group, 0.6% (n = 7) primary school degree, 1.00%
(n = 12) secondary school degree, 7.70% (n = 91) high school
degree, 71.20% (n = 845) university and 19.50% (n = 231) have
master’s degree.
Data Collection Tools
In the current study, a personal information form, the Life
Satisfaction Scale, the Meaning in Life Scale, the Dispositional
Hope Scale and the COVID-19 Fear Scale were used as the data
collection tools.
Life Satisfaction Scale
The Life Satisfaction Scale was developed by Diener et al. (1985).
The scale was adapted to Turkish culture by Dağlı and Baysal
(2016). The scale has a total of five items designed in the form of
5-point Likert scale. Higher scores taken from the scale indicate
increasing life satisfaction. The scale has single dimension. The
scale explains 68.38% of the total variance. Cronbach alpha
coefficient of the Scale was 0.88. Sample items of the scale; “My
living conditions are perfect,” “I am satisfied with my life” (Dağlı
and Baysal, 2016). In present study, the Cronbach alpha internal
consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.87.
Meaning in Life Scale
The Meaning in Life Scale was developed by Steger et al. (2006).
The scale was adapted to Turkish culture by Demirbaş (2010).
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4. Karataş et al. Life Satisfaction in Turkish Adults
The scale has a total of 10 items designed in the form of 7-
point Likert scale. Higher scores taken from the scale indicate
increasing level of meaning in life. The scale explains 68.00% of
the total variance. Cronbach alpha coefficient of the Scale was
0.86. The internal consistencies of its sub-dimensions were; 0.87
for the sub-dimension of presence of meaning in life and 0.88 for
the sub-dimension of search for meaning in life. Sample items
of the scale; “I am aware of the meaning of my life,” “I’m always
looking for the purpose of my life” (Demirbaş, 2010). In the
present study, the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient
was found to be 0.86 for the whole scale, it was found to be 0.86
for the sub-dimension of presence of meaning in life and 0.90 for
the sub-dimension of search for meaning in life.
Dispositional Hope Scale
The Dispositional Hope Scale was developed by Snyder et al.
(1991). The scale was adapted to Turkish culture by Tarhan and
Bacanlı (2015). In the scale, there are a total of 12 items designed
in the form of 8-point Likert scale. Higher scores taken from the
scale indicate increasing level of hope. The scale explains 61.00%
of the total variance. Cronbach alpha coefficient of the Scale was
0.86. Test–retest reliability coefficient was found to be 0.86 for the
whole scale and it was found to be 0.81 for the sub-dimension of
actuating thinking and 0.78 for the sub-dimension of alternative
ways thinking. Sample items of the scale; “A problem has many
solutions,” “I reach the goals I set for myself” (Tarhan and
Bacanlı, 2015). In the current study, the Cronbach alpha internal
consistency coefficient was found to be 0.89 for the whole scale,
0.82 for the sub-dimension of actuating thinking and 0.83 for the
sub-dimension of alternative ways thinking.
COVID-19 Fear Scale
The COVID-19 Fear Scale was developed by Ahorsu et al.
(2020). The scale was adapted to Turkish culture by Satıcı et al.
(2020). In the scale, there are a total of 7 items designed in
the form of 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores taken from the
scale indicate increasing level of COVID-19 fear. The scale has
single dimension. The total internal consistency coefficient of the
COVID-19 Fear Scale was 0.85. Sample items of the scale; “I am
very afraid of coronavirus,” “My hands are sweating when I think
of the coronavirus” (Satıcı et al., 2020). In the present study, the
Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was
found to be 0.87.
Data Analysis
Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data.
Multiple regression analysis is a type of analysis used to predict
the state of the dependent variable on the basis of two or
more independent variables (predictor variables) related to the
dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis is used for two
different research purposes; estimation and explanation. A theory
is required to understand the process of criteria for explanation.
Estimation is the best guide to develop measurements for
variables (Jeon, 2015).
In order to perform statistical analyses on the collected data,
first the data (n = 1272) were transferred into SPSS 20.0 program
package. A total of 50 forms having significant amount of missing
data were excluded from the study. Then, accuracy control was
conducted in the dataset and all the values were found to be in the
possible range (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007). Moreover, reverse-
coded items were corrected and made ready for the missing
data examination.
Then the rate of missing data in the dataset was examined
and it was found to be less than 5%. Afterward, it was checked
whether the missing data pattern exhibited a random distribution
and as the result of Little’s MCAR test was found to be
insignificant (p = 0.322 > 0.05), it was concluded that the
missing data exhibited a random distribution (Little, 1988). As
the total rate of missing data was found to be less than 5%
and the dataset exhibited a random distribution, missing data
assignments were made with expectation maximization (EM)
(Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007).
In order to determine the outliers in the data set, univariate
and multivariate outlier analyses were conducted. First, z test
was conducted for univariate outlier analysis, as the sampling
size is larger than 100, z score in the range between −4.0 and
+4.0 was taken as the reference value (Mertler and Vannatta,
2005). A total of 22 cases having z score in the range between
−4.0 and + 4.0 were found to be univariate outliers and thus
they were deleted and fourteen other cases were determined
through Mahalanobis distance as multivariate outliers and then
were deleted (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007).
In order to test whether each variable satisfies the normality
assumption, Kurtosis and skewness coefficients were checked.
The Kurtosis and skewness coefficients were found to be within
the reference range varying between −1.0 and +1.0. Thus, it can
be said that the data distributed normally (Çokluk et al., 2014).
Durbin–Watson coefficient was used to test autocorrelation.
Durbin–Watson value was found to be 2.003 and this value is
expected to be ranging between 1.5 and 2.5. In order to determine
whether there is a multicollinearity problem, simple (paired)
correlations between the variables were checked. As a result of
the analysis, the paired correlation values between the variables
were found to be lower than 0.90 (Çokluk et al., 2014). Moreover,
VIF and CI values were also checked to determine whether there
is a multicollinearity problem in the dataset; for all the items, VIF
values were found to be lower than 10 (Webster, 1992, as cited
in Albayrak, 2005) and CI values were found to be lower than 30
(Gujarati, 1995, as cited in Albayrak, 2005). Thus, it can be said
that there is no multicollinearity problem between the variables.
As a result of the controls performed, 1,186 of the collected
1,272 forms were found to have met the parametric conditions
necessary for regression analysis and thus in all the analyses to be
conducted, the set of data obtained from these 1186 forms were
used. Finally, in order to find answers to the research questions,
Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to determine
the relationships between the variables and then Multiple Linear
Regression Analysis was conducted to determine the extent to
which, meaning in life, hope, COVID-19 fear, age, gender, the
presence of people infected with COVID-19 around predict life
satisfaction in adults. The categorical variables including gender
and the presence of people infected with COVID-19 around
were converted into dummy variables by assigning codes as
0 and 1 and they were prepared to be suitable for regression
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5. Karataş et al. Life Satisfaction in Turkish Adults
analysis. In this regard, the categories of being a male and the
presence of people infected with COVID-19 around were coded
as 1. Multiple regression analysis is a type of analysis used to
predict the state of the dependent variable on the basis of two
or more independent variables (predictor variables) related to
the dependent variable (Büyüköztürk, 2014). All these statistical
analyses were conducted by using SPSS 20.0 program and the
significance level was set to be 0.05.
RESULTS
Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine
the extent to which meaning in life, hope, COVID-19 fear, age,
gender and the presence of people infected with COVID-19
around predict life satisfaction in adults. Before conducting the
regression analysis, in order to determine whether there is a
multicollinearity problem, paired correlation coefficients were
calculated between the variables, and the results are presented
in Table 1.
In Table 1, there is a positive correlation between life
satisfaction of adults and meaning in life (r = 0.456, p < 0.01),
hope total point (r = 0.494, p < 0.01), actuating thinking
(r = 0.555, p < 0.01), alternative ways thinking (r = 0.355,
p < 0.01) and age (r = 0.168, p < 0.01). Moreover, there is
a positive but insignificant correlation between life satisfaction
and the presence of people infected with COVID-19 around
(r = 0.003, p > 0.05). Additionally, there is a negative but
insignificant correlation between life satisfaction and COVID-19
fear (r = −0.006, p > 0.05) and gender (r = −0.013, p > 0.05). It
can be understood that these correlations are not at the level high
enough (lower than 0.90) to create a multicollinearity problem
in the model constructed (Çokluk et al., 2014). Moreover, when
the obtained correlation coefficients were examined, it is seen
that there is a medium level correlation between life satisfaction
in adults and meaning in life, hope, actuating thinking and
alternative ways thinking (0.30 < r < 0.70) and that there is a
low level and insignificant correlation between life satisfaction
and COVID-19 fear, gender and the presence of people infected
with COVID-19 around. Also there is a low level and significant
correlation between life satisfaction and age (0.00 < r < 0.30)
(Büyüköztürk, 2014).
The results of the multiple linear regression analysis
conducted to determine the extent to which meaning in life,
hope, COVID-19 fear, age, gender and the presence of people
infected with COVID-19 around predict life satisfaction in adults
are presented in Table 2.
As can be seen in Table 2, meaning in life, the sub-dimensions
of hope (actuating thinking and alternative ways thinking),
COVID-19 fear, age, gender and the presence of people infected
with COVID-19 around together explain 37.20% of the life
satisfaction in adults. When the results of the t-test related to the
significance of the regression coefficients are examined, it is seen
that meaning in life (t = 10.279, p < 0.01), actuating thinking
(t = 14.339, p < 0.01) and alternative ways thinking (t = 2.717,
p < 0.01) are significant predictors of life satisfaction in adults as
positively. Besides, it is seen COVID-19 fear (t = 1.428, p > 0.05),
age (t = −0.040, p > 0.05), gender (t = 1.105, p > 0.05) and the
presence of people infected with COVID-19 around (t = −0.406,
p > 0.05) aren’t significant predictors of life satisfaction in adults.
DISCUSSION
The current study investigated whether there are significant
relationships between life satisfaction and hope, meaning in life
and COVID-19 fear and the extent to which life satisfaction
is predicted by these variables. According to the results of the
study, meaning in life, the sub-dimensions of hope (actuating
thinking and alternative ways thinking) significantly predict life
satisfaction but COVID-19 fear, age, gender and the presence
of people infected with COVID-19 around aren’t significantly
predict life satisfaction in adults. The danger is very direct, rapid
and unpredictable today due to the epidemic. This affects the
whole world. The attention, thoughts and feelings of individuals
are mostly controlled by direct danger signals seen in mass media
in the form of images and facts. Often, these signals quickly
arouse fear responses and increase disaster-related thoughts,
leading to an increase in the expectation of the worst possible
scenarios. The results of the current study show that hope and
meaning in life foster life satisfaction even during an epidemic.
In the current study, COVID-19 fear did not significantly
predict life satisfaction. Fear is a strong emotion that affects
individuals’ physical responses, cognitive skills, and moods
TABLE 1 | Results of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients.
X̄ S 1 2 3 3a 3b 4 5 6 7
1. Life satisfaction 16.083 3.850 1
2. Meaning in life 48.088 11.224 0.456** 1
3. Hope total point 50.340 7.583 0.494** 0.412** 1
3a. Actuating thinking 24.320 4.226 0.555** 0.433** 0.832** 1
3b. Alternative ways thinking 26.019 3.952 0.355** 0.327** 0.822** 0.719** 1
4. COVID-19 fear 18.414 5.639 −0.006 −0.132** −0.086** −0.041 −0.120** 1
5. Age 41.042 13.006 0.168** 0.284** 0.185** 0.218** 0.121** 0.032 1
6. Gender 0.577 0.494 −0.013 −0.055 −0.099** −0.082** −0.103** 0.201** −0.341** 1
7. The presence of people
infected with COVID-19 around
0.082 0.275 0.003 0.016 −0.016 0.000 −0.031 0.068* −0.043 0.095** 1
**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.
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6. Karataş et al. Life Satisfaction in Turkish Adults
TABLE 2 | Results of the multiple linear regression.
R R2 Adjusted R2 R2
ch F df B β t p
Constant 0.610 0.372 0.368 0.372 99.706** 7/1178 2.143 – 2.833** 0.005
Meaning in life 0.094 0.274 10.279** 0.000
Actuating thinking 0.461 0.506 14.339** 0.000
Alternative ways thinking 0.089 0.091 2.717** 0.007
COVID-19 fear 0.024 0.035 1.428 0.154
Age 0.000 −0.001 −0.040 0.968
Gender 0.219 0.028 1.105 0.270
The presence of people
infected with COVID-19 around
−0.132 −0.009 −0.406 0.685
**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.
(Satıcı et al., 2020). The absence of positivity is different
from the presence of negativity and can be equally important
(Wood and Johnson, 2016). Inconsistent with the result of this
study, previous studies indicated that fear of COVID-19 was
significantly and positively associated with depression, stress as
well as negatively associated with resilience (Yıldırım and Arslan,
2020); negatively associated with mental well-being (Satıcı et al.,
2020); health anxiety, regular media-use, social media use and
risks for loved ones (Mertens et al., 2020). Özmen et al. (2021)
examine the relationship between the fear of COVID-19, well-
being and life satisfaction perceptions of people aged 18 and
over living in Turkey. As a result of their study, the participants’
COVID-19 fear levels were found to be moderate. Also they
found a negative and low level of relationship was found between
COVID-19 fear and life satisfaction.
Fear is generally a primitive feeling and arises in the face
of a real or perceived threat. This feeling is for the present, as
it involves producing a response to something that is believed
to be threatening (Dozois and Rnic, 2019). The data of this
study were not collected at the initial stage of the COVID-19
pandemic, but during the period when the spread was increasing.
In this case, the fear may have turned into other negative
emotions. Life satisfaction is a general phenomenon and may
not be affected very quickly by sudden changes. Since fear
is a temporary emotion, its contribution to life satisfaction is
lower than other positive variables. In this case, the negative
contribution of COVID-19 fear to life satisfaction has decreased
with the positive effect of meaning in life and hope variables. Also
the low number of infected individuals around people at the time
the data were collected in this study may also be the reason why
fear of COVID-19 does not predict life satisfaction.
In our study gender, age and the presence of an infected
person around did not significantly predict satisfaction with
life. There are different research results on gender and life
satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the
findings, coronavirus pandemic causes more psychological effects
in females (Wang D. et al., 2020) and females have less life
satisfaction than males (Raza et al., 2020). Additionally, our
finding supports the finding of Karataş and Tagay (2020) that
gender was not significant predictors of the level of resilience
in adults. consistent with the result of this study Helliwell
et al. (2020) indicated that, the equality of male and female life
satisfaction responses held across the life satisfaction response
scale, so that well-being inequality rose equally for both men and
women. We detected age was not significantly predict satisfaction
with life. The WHO reported that individuals 50 and above are
at higher risk for coronavirus-related death than those in any
other age groups. Specifically, coronavirus related death is more
common among individuals 60 years of age and above. In current
research the study group average age 41.04 so this may be the
reason why age does not significantly predict life satisfaction. Also
the results of the study show that presence of an infected person
around did not significantly predict life satisfaction. Our finding
supports the finding of Karataş and Tagay (2020) that presence of
an infected person around was not significant predictors of the
level of resilience in adults.
The results of the study show that, individuals with higher
levels of life satisfaction have higher levels of hope. While a
high level of hope is an indicator of good health and full
functioning, its low level is interpreted as an indicator of personal
sadness and distress (Martin, 2007). People’s evaluations about
whether they can achieve their goals affect their feelings and
believing that efforts will lead to success increases the level of
hope. Experiences of pain are a condition that harms people
and challenges resources. It is stated that strong people who can
cope with the elements threatening the social order are more
hopeful. This is an important psychological strength (Nesse,
1999). Through this psychological strength, individuals cope with
stressful situations more easily and their satisfaction with life is
positively affected (Snyder, 2002).
The Dispositional Hope Scale used in the current study
has two dimensions: actuating thinking and alternative ways
thinking. Accordingly, it is seen that it is important to set a
goal, to work to achieve this goal and to determine alternative
ways to reach the goal when confronted with obstacles to be
hopeful (Tarhan and Bacanlı, 2015). As is known, life satisfaction
is one of the important concepts of positive psychology and is
related to hope. Valle et al. (2006) argue that higher levels of
hope increase life satisfaction and Cole (2008) states that life
satisfaction is related to how individuals are close to their goals
and that being closer to the accomplishment of goals increases
life satisfaction while distancing from these goals because of any
obstacle decreases life satisfaction.
In the current study meaning in life positively and significantly
predicts life satisfaction. Despite the differences in the definitions
of and ways to meaning in life, theorists regard meaning in
Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 6 March 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 633384
7. Karataş et al. Life Satisfaction in Turkish Adults
itself as vital. Meaningful life is directly related to authentic life
(Kenyon, 2000) and psychological strengths (Ryff and Singer,
1998). Frankl (1963) argues that people are characterized by a
desire for meaning, an innate urge to find meaning in their lives,
and failure to achieve meaning leads to psychological distress.
Also, according to Frankl, the meaning alleviates the stress caused
by the painful events that people face in their lives (Ryff, 1989).
Thus, people may experience difficulties due to the uncertainty
and fear involved in a pandemic. But, having meaning in such
periods increases life satisfaction.
Implications and Limitations
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown people how quickly the
world has changed during the pandemic. People can also quickly
adapt to this change process. The contribution of such studies
will be high in terms of revealing what we need to deal with
the difficulties of a pandemic more easily. According to the
results of the current study, individuals with more hopeful and
meaningful lives have higher life satisfaction. Also similar studies
can be carried out about idea could be to turn everything around
and, for example, look at how hope, meaning, life satisfaction
and perhaps knowing someone infected prognoses’ COVID-
19 fear. The current study was conducted with adults. Similar
studies can be carried out with children and adolescents. In
addition, it is thought that it is important to increase the training
activities aimed at increasing life satisfaction in order to protect
public mental health.
Findings of this study should also be considered in the
light of a few methodological limitations. First, self–reported
measure was used to collect data from adults (the average age
41.04); therefore, future research should examine the variables
using different data collection approaches (e.g., qualitative).
Second, participants included adults (the average age 41.04) so
considering this limitation, further studies could be conducted
using diverse and large samples (e.g., children, adolescents,
university students). The majority of the participants of this
study is people with higher education and lives in big cities.
Therefore, the results of the study are limited to this group.
It can be suggested that new studies will be conducted with
people with different socio-economic levels and education. The
cross-sectional approach is considered as another limitation of
the study, and longitudinal research is warranted to examine
the causal relationship between the variables of the study. In
the current participants’ group the level of the COVID-19 fear
were rather low and only 8% of participants have infected people
around them. So the results of this research can be generalized
to similar groups.
Finally, data were collected using self-reported measures
which are subjected to participants’ biases.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be
made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
ETHICS STATEMENT
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and
approved by the Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Ethics
Committee. The patients/participants provided their written
informed consent to participate in this study.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
ZK contributed to the research design, data collection, data
analysis, interpretation, and intellectual content. KU contributed
to the data collection, data analysis, and intellectual content.
ÖT contributed to the research design, interpretation, and
intellectual content. All authors contributed to the article and
approved the submitted version.
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