The document provides an overview of several founding psychologists in history and their contributions to the field. It discusses William Wundt, who established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 and is considered the founder of modern psychology. It also mentions William James, who wrote the first psychology textbook and studied consciousness. Figures like Sir Francis Galton, Wolfgang Kohler, Sigmund Freud, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Jean Piaget are summarized for their seminal work in areas like heredity, perception, the unconscious mind, behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive psychology.

1. Founding Psychologists Chapter 1 Section 2

2. William Wundt

3. William Wundt Structuralist- interested in the basic elements of human experience Laboratory of Psychology- 1879 in Leipzig Germany Wanted to pursue the study of government in a systematic and scientific manner Established modern psychology as a separate formal field of study

4. William James

5. William James “ Father of Psychology” Taught the first class in psychology at Harvard in 1875 Took him 12 years to write the first textbook in Psychology Theorized that thinking, feeling, learning, and remembering have the major function of helping us survive as a species

6. William James Focused on functions or actions of the conscious mind and the goals or purpose of behavior Functionalists- study how animals and people adapt to their environments

7. Sir Francis Galton

8. Sir Francis Galton Wanted to understand how heredity influences a person’s abilities, character, and behavior Tracked eminent people and concluded genius or eminence is a hereditary trait Did not consider the possibility that the tendency of genius to run in distinguished families might be about the environmental and socioeconomic advantages

9. Sir Francis Galton Believed in “good” marriages Raised the issue of heredity v. environment which is a continued subject of debate and study in Psychology today.

10. Wolfgang Köhler

11. Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967) Argued that perception is more than the sum of its parts- it involves the “whole pattern” (Gestalt in German) Studied how sensations are assembled into perceptual experiences Became the forerunner for cognitive approaches to the study of Psychology

12. Sigmund Freud

13. Sigmund Freud Studied the unconscious mind There lied primitive biological urges that are in conflict with the requirements of society and morality Thought this was responsible for many medically unexplained physical symptoms that troubled his patients

14. Sigmund Freud Used free association for indirectly studying the unconscious processes Had the role of psychoanalysts Still remains contreversial

15. Ivan Pavlov

16. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Behavioral Psychologist Pavlov’s Dog’s experiment Stressed and interest in observable behavior versus studying the thought process

17. John B. Watson

18. John B. Watson Worked with Ivan Pavlov Believed psychology should concern itself only with the observable facts of behavior and maintained that all behavior, even apparently instinctive behavior, is the result of conditioning and occurs because the appropriate stimulus is presented in the environment

19. B. F. Skinner

20. B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) Introduced the concept of reinforcement to behavioralism Wrote a novel on a Utopian society where behavioralism and reinforcements controlled society

21. Abraham Maslow

22. Abraham Maslow Humanistic Psychologist Describes nature as evolving and self-directed Does not see humans as being controlled by events in the environment or by unconscious forces The environment and other outside forces simply serve as a background to our own internal growth

23. Carl Rogers

24. Carl Rogers Another humanist See Abraham Maslow

25. Jean Piaget

26. Jean Piaget Cognitive Psychologist Focus on how we process, store, retrieve, and use information How that information influences our thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity Believes behavior is influenced by a variety of mental processes Perceptions, memories, and expectations