forwarder.java.txt // java forwarder class // waits for an inbound connection A on port INPORT // when it is received, it launches a connection B to <OUTHOST,OUTPORT> // and creates threads to read-B-write-A and read-A-write-B. import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.text.*; class forwarder { public static String OUTHOST; public static InetAddress OUTDEST; public static short OUTPORT = 22; public static short INPORT = 2345; public static boolean DEBUG = true; public static void main(String[] v) { // get command-line parameters if (v.length < 3) { System.err.println("args: inport outhost outport"); return; } INPORT = (short)(new Integer(v[0])).intValue(); OUTHOST = v[1]; OUTPORT = (short)(new Integer(v[2])).intValue(); // DNS lookup, done just once! System.err.print("Looking up address of " + OUTHOST + "..."); try { OUTDEST = InetAddress.getByName(OUTHOST); } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) { System.err.println("unknown host: " + OUTHOST); return; } System.err.println(" got it!"); // initialize LISTENER socket // wait for connection ServerSocket ss = null; ss = new ServerSocket(INPORT);// needs try-catch Socket s1; while(true) { // accept loop s1 = ss.accept();// needs try-catch // now set up the second connection from here to <OUTDEST,OUTPORT>, // represented by a second socket s2 // Then create the two Copier instances, as described in the // project description, and start() the two threads. // At that point, this main loop simply continues // by going back to the ss.accept() call. } // accept loop }// main /** * The Copier class handles unidirectional copying from one socket to another. * You will need to create two of these in the main loop above, * one for each direction. You create the Copier object, and then * create and start a Thread object that runs that Copier. * If c is your Copier instance (created with Copier c = new Copier(sock1, sock2)), * then the thread is Thread t = new Thread(c), and you start the thread * with t.start(). Or, in one step, (new Thread(c)).start() */ static class Copier implements Runnable { private Socket _from; private Socket _to; public Copier (Socket from, Socket to) { _from = from; _to = to; } public void run() { InputStream fis; OutputStream tos; try { fis = _from.getInputStream(); tos = _to.getOutputStream(); } catch (IOException ioe) { System.err.println("can't get IO streams from sockets"); return; } byte[] buf = new byte[2048]; int readsize; while (true) { try { readsize = fis.read(buf); } catch (IOException ioe) { break; } if (readsize <= 0) break; try { tos.write(buf, 0, readsize); } catch (IOException ioe) { break; } } // these should be safe close() calls!! try { fis.close(); tos.close(); _from.close(); _to.close(); } catch (IOException ioe) { Syst.

1. forwarder.java.txt
// java forwarder class
// waits for an inbound connection A on port INPORT
// when it is received, it launches a connection B to
<OUTHOST,OUTPORT>
// and creates threads to read-B-write-A and read-A-write-B.
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;
class forwarder {
public static String OUTHOST;
public static InetAddress OUTDEST;
public static short OUTPORT = 22;
public static short INPORT = 2345;

2. public static boolean DEBUG = true;
public static void main(String[] v) {
// get command-line parameters
if (v.length < 3) {
System.err.println("args: inport outhost outport");
return;
}
INPORT = (short)(new Integer(v[0])).intValue();
OUTHOST = v[1];
OUTPORT = (short)(new Integer(v[2])).intValue();
// DNS lookup, done just once!
System.err.print("Looking up address of " + OUTHOST + "...");
try {

3. OUTDEST = InetAddress.getByName(OUTHOST);
}
catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
System.err.println("unknown host: " + OUTHOST);
return;
}
System.err.println(" got it!");
// initialize LISTENER socket
// wait for connection
ServerSocket ss = null;
ss = new ServerSocket(INPORT);// needs try-catch
Socket s1;
while(true) { // accept loop
s1 = ss.accept();// needs try-catch
// now set up the second connection from here to

4. <OUTDEST,OUTPORT>,
// represented by a second socket s2
// Then create the two Copier instances, as described in the
// project description, and start() the two threads.
// At that point, this main loop simply continues
// by going back to the ss.accept() call.
} // accept loop
}// main
/**
* The Copier class handles unidirectional copying from one
socket to another.
* You will need to create two of these in the main loop
above,
* one for each direction. You create the Copier object, and
then
* create and start a Thread object that runs that Copier.
* If c is your Copier instance (created with Copier c = new
Copier(sock1, sock2)),

5. * then the thread is Thread t = new Thread(c), and you start
the thread
* with t.start(). Or, in one step, (new Thread(c)).start()
*/
static class Copier implements Runnable {
private Socket _from;
private Socket _to;
public Copier (Socket from, Socket to) {
_from = from;
_to = to;
}
public void run() {
InputStream fis;
OutputStream tos;
try {
fis = _from.getInputStream();

6. tos = _to.getOutputStream();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
System.err.println("can't get IO streams from sockets");
return;
}
byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
int readsize;
while (true) {
try {
readsize = fis.read(buf);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
break;
}

7. if (readsize <= 0) break;
try {
tos.write(buf, 0, readsize);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
break;
}
}
// these should be safe close() calls!!
try {
fis.close();
tos.close();
_from.close();
_to.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
System.err.println("can't close sockets or streams");

8. return;
}
}
} // class Copier
} // class forwarder
Java help.txt
This program forwards a connection from one socket (host/port
pair) to another. For example, when started on host foohost with
the command line
java forwarder 3333 outhost 44
then every time a connection is made to foohost:3333, a new
connection is made to outhost:44 and two copier threads are
created to copy the data between the two connections (one
copier thread for each direction). The net result is that it
appears to the user that a connection to foohost:3333 is actually
a connection to outhost:44. No timeouts are needed, though
thread creation is necessary.

9. You are to print a line or two for each connection, indicating
the original source (host,port) for the incoming connection, and
the port used for the outbound forwarded connection. Note that
this has a practical security implication, in that these status
lines may be your only warning that someone else is using your
forwarder! A suggested improvement is to check the incoming
TCP source and reject connections from hosts other than the one
you're using to test this.
Thread creation is demonstrated in the threaded stalk server
file. I'm also giving you the Copier class (as an inner class,
defined in forwarder.java), that is thread-ready and which takes
two sockets from and to and arranges to copy from the from
socket to the to socket. To set up the copying, you first have the
two sockets, s1 (the inbound socket from the accept() call) and
s2 (the new second connection you create). You then create two
Copier objects, one inbound = Copier(s1,s2) and one outbound
= Copier(s2,s1), and then start both the threads:
new Thread(inbound).start();
new Thread(outbound).start();
Here the inbound Copier object handles data from the initiating
host (foohost) to outhost, and the outbound Copier object
handles the reverse. Note that after these threads have been
created, your main program can return to the accept() call to
wait for more inbound connections. In this sense, forwarder acts
like the threaded stalk server, tstalks.java.

10. To get started, use forwarder.java.
A good way to test your program, if you are doing development
on your own workstation, is to start with
java forwarder 3333 www.sitename.edu 80
Then fire up a web browser and point it at localhost:3333. You
should get the site's web page (though notice we cannot rule out
any "direct" subconnections). If you are working on a linux
server, remotely, say hopper.cs.sitename.edu, then start the
command above on hopper and then point your browser at
hopper.cs.sitename.edu:3333.
If you don't want to use command-line parameters, you can
embed into your program appropriate values for INPORT,
OUTHOST and OUTPORT (eg INPORT=3333;
OUTHOST="www.sitename.com", OUTPORT=80).
You may have to change the port number if you are working in
a shared environment.

11. Do not leave your forwarder running longer than you need to
test it.
Note that the ssh program has built-in forwarding like this.
Lecture Circuits: September 17, 2012
Page 1
Circuits Lab 01, Voltage and Resistors
Thomas J. Crawford, PhD, PE
July 12, 2013
ENGR1181_Lect_Circuits.ppt
Circuits Lab 1:
Ohm’s Law : V = I * R Power: P = V * I = I2 * R = V2
/ R
Example: One resistor
Given: V = 12.0 volts, R = 48.0 ohms (Ω )
Find: current I, power P.
Solution
: I = V / R = 12.0 / 48.0 = 0.25 amps = 250 milliamps
P = V * I = 12.0 * 0.25 = 3.0 Watts

12. Find: R if I = 0.0625 (1 / 16 ) amps.