Foriegn sources of finance
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The document discusses foreign sources of finance for India. It notes external borrowings come from loans with long maturity periods and high interest rates from organizations like the IMF, World Bank, and Japanese and UK export banks. Foreign investment in India comes in the form of foreign direct investment through purchasing shares/debentures of Indian companies or investments in instruments like ADRs, GDRs, and FCCBs.
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International Sources of Finance
International financing involves raising money from foreign sources for business activities. Key sources of international financing include depository receipts (like GDRs, ADRs, and IDRs), commercial banks, international agencies and development banks, and foreign currency convertible bonds. Depository receipts allow foreign companies to have their shares traded on a local stock exchange without leaving their home country. GDRs are issued abroad by Indian companies to raise funds in foreign currency and are listed on foreign exchanges, while ADRs are similar but issued only to American citizens and listed on US exchanges. Commercial banks provide crucial foreign currency loans for non-trade operations. Development agencies like the IFC and EXIM Bank of India fund various projects. FCC
Sources of raising funds in international markets
This document discusses various sources that companies can use to raise funds in international markets, including depository receipts, American depository receipts (ADRs), global depository receipts (GDRs), and foreign currency convertible bonds (FCCBs). ADRs and GDRs allow foreign companies to issue shares in domestic US and European markets, making it easier for investors in those markets to purchase shares. FCCBs are debt instruments issued in foreign currencies that can later be converted to shares, providing flexibility. While international funding opens new investor pools, it also presents challenges around exchange rate fluctuations and regulatory compliance with multiple markets.
Revised Chapter3 Jan 09
This document provides an overview of international financial markets, including the foreign exchange market, eurocurrency market, eurocredit market, eurobond market, and international stock markets. It discusses the history and development of each market, how they work, key participants, and motives for companies and investors to use these global financial systems. The markets allow multinational corporations to raise funds, invest globally, and facilitate international trade and currency exchange.
International finance
International financial management involves managing financial resources on a global scale. Capital is the most mobile and inexpensive global factor of production due to dismantling of trade barriers. Organizations require international capital sources for purposes like establishment, working capital, collaboration, and expansion. Common sources of international capital include foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investment, overseas equity markets, foreign currency bonds, and loans from multilateral development banks. Managing financial resources globally provides benefits like availability of funds, risk diversification, and access to international markets, but also involves risks like foreign exchange risk and economic/political risks in foreign markets.
International and domestic source of finance
Includes domestic and International sources of finance available to a company.
If u are helped by the ppt, dont forget to hit like.
depository receipts
This presentation discusses depository receipts, which allow investors to hold shares in foreign companies. There are three main types: American Depository Receipts (ADR), which trade on US exchanges; Global Depository Receipts (GDR), which trade on European exchanges; and Indian Depository Receipts (IDR), which trade on Indian exchanges. The presentation provides details on the process for issuing and trading depository receipts and lists several major Indian companies that have ADRs and/or GDRs. It explains that IDRs provide benefits like increased access to capital and global visibility for companies while allowing foreign companies opportunities to raise funds for Indian business needs.
Depository Receipts
American Depository Receipts (ADRs), Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), and Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) allow Indian companies to raise capital from foreign markets. ADRs/GDRs represent shares of an Indian company trading on a foreign stock exchange. FCCBs are bonds issued in foreign currency that are convertible into shares. Key benefits include increased visibility, flexibility to list abroad, and diversifying investor base. Key risks include currency exchange rate fluctuations and lack of familiarity with foreign markets. Regulatory approvals from SEBI, RBI, and relevant foreign authorities are required for issuing these instruments.
International finance
This document provides an overview of international finance topics including foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investors, and various instruments of international finance. It defines international finance as the study of monetary interactions between countries, focusing on areas like currency exchange rates and foreign direct investment. Increased globalization has amplified its importance. Instruments described include American depository receipts, global depository receipts, Indian depository receipts, foreign currency convertible bonds, and euro-convertible bonds. Foreign direct investment and foreign institutional investors are also summarized.
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International Sources of Finance
International financing involves raising money from foreign sources for business activities. Key sources of international financing include depository receipts (like GDRs, ADRs, and IDRs), commercial banks, international agencies and development banks, and foreign currency convertible bonds. Depository receipts allow foreign companies to have their shares traded on a local stock exchange without leaving their home country. GDRs are issued abroad by Indian companies to raise funds in foreign currency and are listed on foreign exchanges, while ADRs are similar but issued only to American citizens and listed on US exchanges. Commercial banks provide crucial foreign currency loans for non-trade operations. Development agencies like the IFC and EXIM Bank of India fund various projects. FCC
Sources of raising funds in international markets
This document discusses various sources that companies can use to raise funds in international markets, including depository receipts, American depository receipts (ADRs), global depository receipts (GDRs), and foreign currency convertible bonds (FCCBs). ADRs and GDRs allow foreign companies to issue shares in domestic US and European markets, making it easier for investors in those markets to purchase shares. FCCBs are debt instruments issued in foreign currencies that can later be converted to shares, providing flexibility. While international funding opens new investor pools, it also presents challenges around exchange rate fluctuations and regulatory compliance with multiple markets.
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This document provides an overview of international financial markets, including the foreign exchange market, eurocurrency market, eurocredit market, eurobond market, and international stock markets. It discusses the history and development of each market, how they work, key participants, and motives for companies and investors to use these global financial systems. The markets allow multinational corporations to raise funds, invest globally, and facilitate international trade and currency exchange.
International finance
International financial management involves managing financial resources on a global scale. Capital is the most mobile and inexpensive global factor of production due to dismantling of trade barriers. Organizations require international capital sources for purposes like establishment, working capital, collaboration, and expansion. Common sources of international capital include foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investment, overseas equity markets, foreign currency bonds, and loans from multilateral development banks. Managing financial resources globally provides benefits like availability of funds, risk diversification, and access to international markets, but also involves risks like foreign exchange risk and economic/political risks in foreign markets.
International and domestic source of finance
Includes domestic and International sources of finance available to a company.
If u are helped by the ppt, dont forget to hit like.
depository receipts
This presentation discusses depository receipts, which allow investors to hold shares in foreign companies. There are three main types: American Depository Receipts (ADR), which trade on US exchanges; Global Depository Receipts (GDR), which trade on European exchanges; and Indian Depository Receipts (IDR), which trade on Indian exchanges. The presentation provides details on the process for issuing and trading depository receipts and lists several major Indian companies that have ADRs and/or GDRs. It explains that IDRs provide benefits like increased access to capital and global visibility for companies while allowing foreign companies opportunities to raise funds for Indian business needs.
Depository Receipts
American Depository Receipts (ADRs), Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), and Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) allow Indian companies to raise capital from foreign markets. ADRs/GDRs represent shares of an Indian company trading on a foreign stock exchange. FCCBs are bonds issued in foreign currency that are convertible into shares. Key benefits include increased visibility, flexibility to list abroad, and diversifying investor base. Key risks include currency exchange rate fluctuations and lack of familiarity with foreign markets. Regulatory approvals from SEBI, RBI, and relevant foreign authorities are required for issuing these instruments.
International finance
This document provides an overview of international finance topics including foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investors, and various instruments of international finance. It defines international finance as the study of monetary interactions between countries, focusing on areas like currency exchange rates and foreign direct investment. Increased globalization has amplified its importance. Instruments described include American depository receipts, global depository receipts, Indian depository receipts, foreign currency convertible bonds, and euro-convertible bonds. Foreign direct investment and foreign institutional investors are also summarized.
Global depository receipt
A Global Depository Receipt (GDR) is a negotiable instrument denominated in US dollars that represents shares of a non-US company. To issue a GDR, a company first issues rupee-denominated shares to an overseas depository bank, which then issues dollar-denominated depository receipts to foreign investors in exchange. GDRs offer companies advantages like less regulatory requirements and easier access to foreign capital, while providing foreign investors a way to invest in Indian companies without direct registration in India.
Financial mkt instruments
This document summarizes various international financial market instruments used to raise funds, including equities, bonds, and short-term instruments. International equities, also called Euro-equities, are foreign portfolio equity investments that provide dividends but no voting rights. International bonds include foreign bonds denominated in the currency of the foreign country and Eurobonds denominated in a non-domestic currency. Short-term instruments include Euro notes, Euro commercial papers, and medium-term Euro notes that provide short-term funding over periods of 3 months to 7 years. These various instruments provide benefits to both issuers and investors in accessing international capital markets.
International Financial Markets
The document provides an overview of various international financial markets including the foreign exchange market, Eurocurrency market, Eurocredit market, Eurobond market, and international stock markets. It discusses the motives for investors, creditors, and borrowers to use these international markets and how they allow funds to flow more freely globally. The summary briefly outlines some of the key international financial markets and their roles in facilitating international investment and trade.
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Global Depositary Receipt
Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) allow companies to raise capital from foreign investors. A GDR represents a certain number of shares in a foreign company that trades on a local stock exchange. GDRs are issued by intermediary banks and provide foreign investors exposure to shares of companies in developing markets while trading in their domestic market. GDRs offer benefits to both companies seeking foreign capital and international investors seeking exposure to high-growth emerging markets.
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The document discusses various investment alternatives including real estate, gold/silver, mutual funds, bonds, stocks, derivatives, and commodities. It provides brief descriptions of each type of investment, highlighting some key aspects. For example, it notes that real estate involves the purchase and sale of land and buildings, and gold/silver investment provides protection through diversification and potential for growth. The document also includes charts showing the percentage growth of different investment types on average each year.
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Citi, a leading global bank, operates in over 160 countries and has approximately 200 million customer accounts. It provides various financial products and services to consumers, corporations, and institutions. Citi's businesses include consumer banking, institutional banking, and wealth management. The bond market involves buying and selling debt securities like government and corporate bonds. International bonds are issued in foreign currencies and can be classified as domestic, euro, or foreign bonds. They provide opportunities for international fundraising and portfolio diversification but also carry risks like interest rate, default, inflation, and currency fluctuation risks.
Depository receipts
A depository receipt (DR) represents shares of a foreign company that are held in trust by a local custodian bank and traded on a local stock exchange. There are several types of DRs including American Depository Receipts (ADRs), Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), and Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs). DRs allow foreign companies to raise capital and list their shares indirectly on foreign exchanges to avoid stringent listing requirements.
Mutual fund
A mutual fund is a pool of money collected from many investors to invest in securities like stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other assets. The returns on these investments are shared by the investors proportionally. Mutual funds offer advantages like diversification, professional management, reduction in costs and risks. They come in various types based on structure, investment objective, and risk profile.
2. investment alternatives
There are many investment alternatives available to investors including equity shares, debentures, bonds, government securities, money market securities, bank deposits, post office deposits, life insurance, mutual funds, and real assets. However, it can be difficult for investors to choose the best option due to lack of awareness about the different alternatives. The document then provides further details about types of securities, tax shelter saving schemes, advantages of life insurance, classifications of mutual funds, and examples of real assets.
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This document provides an overview of national capital markets and international financing. It discusses several key topics:
1. Trends in corporate financing including a decline in bank lending worldwide and a rise in direct financing through capital markets.
2. The globalization of financial markets and how technology has reduced barriers and increased interconnectivity.
3. National capital markets serving as international financial centers and how certain cities have become hubs for global capital flows.
4. The various sources of development financing including multilateral banks like the World Bank as well as regional and national development banks.
5. Project finance as a method for raising funds for large infrastructure projects where lenders look primarily to the cash flows from the project
depository recepit
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) were introduced in 1927 as a way for US investors to easily invest in foreign companies without having to deal with cross-border transactions. An ADR represents ownership of shares in a non-US company that are held in custody by a US bank. The bank bundles the foreign company's shares and reissues them as ADRs that trade on US stock exchanges. ADRs make foreign stocks liquid and allow investors to trade them similarly to US stocks. They provide exposure to foreign markets in a familiar way for US investors.
Indian depository receipts (IDR's) a glimpse
Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs) allow foreign companies to raise capital from the Indian market. IDRs represent shares of a non-Indian company and are issued by a domestic depository in India. The first IDR issuance was in 2010 by Standard Chartered Bank, which raised Rs. 2490 crore. While IDRs provide benefits like access to the Indian market, there are also challenges like tax treatment and lack of fungibility between IDRs and underlying shares. The legal framework for IDRs needs further improvements to realize their full potential.
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This presentation is based on IGNOU IBO-06 international business finance_unit_02. It will help the M.Com. student to understand the concepts of international financial markets in an easy way.
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This document defines and describes various types of security and non-security marketable and non-marketable financial assets. It discusses equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, convertible securities, hybrid securities, derivatives, and various money market instruments. It also covers non-security assets such as fixed deposits, gilt-edged securities, and post office savings schemes.
Global depository receipt (gdr)
Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) allow foreign companies to list shares on an exchange outside of their home country market. A GDR is a certificate issued by a depository bank that purchases shares of a foreign company and deposits them in an account. GDRs represent ownership of underlying company shares and are traded independently, with 1 GDR often equal to 10 company shares. GDRs provide companies access to overseas capital markets, while giving investors opportunities for diversification and transparency through investments in foreign firms on familiar exchanges.
ADR and GDR
This document provides an overview of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). It defines ADRs and GDRs, describes the process for issuing them, and outlines their key advantages. It also differentiates between types of ADRs/GDRs, levels of ADR programs, and provides examples of Indian companies that have issued ADRs and GDRs.
Sources of finance
Standard Chartered Bank and Mahindra Finance use different sources of long-term and short-term finance. Standard Chartered Bank relies more on equity capital (58%) and internal accruals like reserves and surplus (24%). It uses less debentures (20%) and term loans (8%). In contrast, Mahindra Finance has lower equity capital (42%) but higher use of debentures (33%) and both long-term and short-term term loans (13%). While Standard Chartered Bank has less dependence on outside sources, Mahindra Finance relies more on external financing through debentures and loans.
Source of finance and international sources
This document discusses various sources of finance for businesses, including both domestic and international options. It covers topics such as leasing, venture capital, factoring, loans from institutions like the Export-Import Bank of India, and forms of debt financing like hire purchase. International sources of finance discussed include foreign direct investment (FDI), investments from foreign institutional investors (FII), and methods of raising capital abroad through vehicles like American depositary receipts (ADR) and global depositary receipts (GDR).
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Global depository receipt
A Global Depository Receipt (GDR) is a negotiable instrument denominated in US dollars that represents shares of a non-US company. To issue a GDR, a company first issues rupee-denominated shares to an overseas depository bank, which then issues dollar-denominated depository receipts to foreign investors in exchange. GDRs offer companies advantages like less regulatory requirements and easier access to foreign capital, while providing foreign investors a way to invest in Indian companies without direct registration in India.
Financial mkt instruments
This document summarizes various international financial market instruments used to raise funds, including equities, bonds, and short-term instruments. International equities, also called Euro-equities, are foreign portfolio equity investments that provide dividends but no voting rights. International bonds include foreign bonds denominated in the currency of the foreign country and Eurobonds denominated in a non-domestic currency. Short-term instruments include Euro notes, Euro commercial papers, and medium-term Euro notes that provide short-term funding over periods of 3 months to 7 years. These various instruments provide benefits to both issuers and investors in accessing international capital markets.
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88060433 international-money-market-instruments
The document discusses international money markets and instruments. It describes that the international monetary system involves managing balance of payments, financing payments imbalances, and providing international money reserves. It then defines various money market instruments like Treasury bills, commercial paper, banker's acceptances, certificates of deposits, and repurchase agreements. It provides details on their issuers, investors, trading processes, and methods of calculating yields.
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The slides provides basic conception of financial markets and exemplify the financial derivatives, arbitrage and arbitrage position
Global Depositary Receipt
Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) allow companies to raise capital from foreign investors. A GDR represents a certain number of shares in a foreign company that trades on a local stock exchange. GDRs are issued by intermediary banks and provide foreign investors exposure to shares of companies in developing markets while trading in their domestic market. GDRs offer benefits to both companies seeking foreign capital and international investors seeking exposure to high-growth emerging markets.
Foreign capital market and its instruments
The document discusses capital markets and their instruments. It defines capital markets as dealing with medium to long term funds through securities like stocks and bonds. Capital markets have two main functions: raising long term funds for organizations and mobilizing savings. They help speed economic growth and ensure continuous availability of funds. Capital market instruments include equity, debt, insurance, and hybrid instruments. Equity instruments provide ownership, while debt instruments are borrowed funds that must be repaid with interest. Well-regulated capital markets are important for trade and economic development.
Investment alternatives
The document discusses various investment alternatives including real estate, gold/silver, mutual funds, bonds, stocks, derivatives, and commodities. It provides brief descriptions of each type of investment, highlighting some key aspects. For example, it notes that real estate involves the purchase and sale of land and buildings, and gold/silver investment provides protection through diversification and potential for growth. The document also includes charts showing the percentage growth of different investment types on average each year.
International Bond Market
Citi, a leading global bank, operates in over 160 countries and has approximately 200 million customer accounts. It provides various financial products and services to consumers, corporations, and institutions. Citi's businesses include consumer banking, institutional banking, and wealth management. The bond market involves buying and selling debt securities like government and corporate bonds. International bonds are issued in foreign currencies and can be classified as domestic, euro, or foreign bonds. They provide opportunities for international fundraising and portfolio diversification but also carry risks like interest rate, default, inflation, and currency fluctuation risks.
Depository receipts
A depository receipt (DR) represents shares of a foreign company that are held in trust by a local custodian bank and traded on a local stock exchange. There are several types of DRs including American Depository Receipts (ADRs), Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), and Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs). DRs allow foreign companies to raise capital and list their shares indirectly on foreign exchanges to avoid stringent listing requirements.
Mutual fund
A mutual fund is a pool of money collected from many investors to invest in securities like stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other assets. The returns on these investments are shared by the investors proportionally. Mutual funds offer advantages like diversification, professional management, reduction in costs and risks. They come in various types based on structure, investment objective, and risk profile.
2. investment alternatives
There are many investment alternatives available to investors including equity shares, debentures, bonds, government securities, money market securities, bank deposits, post office deposits, life insurance, mutual funds, and real assets. However, it can be difficult for investors to choose the best option due to lack of awareness about the different alternatives. The document then provides further details about types of securities, tax shelter saving schemes, advantages of life insurance, classifications of mutual funds, and examples of real assets.
International bond market ppt
This document provides information about bond markets. It defines key terms like international bonds, domestic bonds, Eurobonds, and foreign bonds. It discusses the different types of international bonds and how they are classified. It also outlines the common process for issuing bonds and describes some of the main instruments and risks associated with international bond markets. Various data on outstanding bond amounts by major instruments, issuers, currencies is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of international bonds for both companies and investors are summarized.
National capital markets & international financing
This document provides an overview of national capital markets and international financing. It discusses several key topics:
1. Trends in corporate financing including a decline in bank lending worldwide and a rise in direct financing through capital markets.
2. The globalization of financial markets and how technology has reduced barriers and increased interconnectivity.
3. National capital markets serving as international financial centers and how certain cities have become hubs for global capital flows.
4. The various sources of development financing including multilateral banks like the World Bank as well as regional and national development banks.
5. Project finance as a method for raising funds for large infrastructure projects where lenders look primarily to the cash flows from the project
depository recepit
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) were introduced in 1927 as a way for US investors to easily invest in foreign companies without having to deal with cross-border transactions. An ADR represents ownership of shares in a non-US company that are held in custody by a US bank. The bank bundles the foreign company's shares and reissues them as ADRs that trade on US stock exchanges. ADRs make foreign stocks liquid and allow investors to trade them similarly to US stocks. They provide exposure to foreign markets in a familiar way for US investors.
Indian depository receipts (IDR's) a glimpse
Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs) allow foreign companies to raise capital from the Indian market. IDRs represent shares of a non-Indian company and are issued by a domestic depository in India. The first IDR issuance was in 2010 by Standard Chartered Bank, which raised Rs. 2490 crore. While IDRs provide benefits like access to the Indian market, there are also challenges like tax treatment and lack of fungibility between IDRs and underlying shares. The legal framework for IDRs needs further improvements to realize their full potential.
ibo-06_international business finance Unit 02_international financial markets
This presentation is based on IGNOU IBO-06 international business finance_unit_02. It will help the M.Com. student to understand the concepts of international financial markets in an easy way.
Investment alternatives
This document defines and describes various types of security and non-security marketable and non-marketable financial assets. It discusses equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, convertible securities, hybrid securities, derivatives, and various money market instruments. It also covers non-security assets such as fixed deposits, gilt-edged securities, and post office savings schemes.
Global depository receipt (gdr)
Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) allow foreign companies to list shares on an exchange outside of their home country market. A GDR is a certificate issued by a depository bank that purchases shares of a foreign company and deposits them in an account. GDRs represent ownership of underlying company shares and are traded independently, with 1 GDR often equal to 10 company shares. GDRs provide companies access to overseas capital markets, while giving investors opportunities for diversification and transparency through investments in foreign firms on familiar exchanges.
ADR and GDR
This document provides an overview of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). It defines ADRs and GDRs, describes the process for issuing them, and outlines their key advantages. It also differentiates between types of ADRs/GDRs, levels of ADR programs, and provides examples of Indian companies that have issued ADRs and GDRs.
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National capital markets & international financing
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Sources of finance
Standard Chartered Bank and Mahindra Finance use different sources of long-term and short-term finance. Standard Chartered Bank relies more on equity capital (58%) and internal accruals like reserves and surplus (24%). It uses less debentures (20%) and term loans (8%). In contrast, Mahindra Finance has lower equity capital (42%) but higher use of debentures (33%) and both long-term and short-term term loans (13%). While Standard Chartered Bank has less dependence on outside sources, Mahindra Finance relies more on external financing through debentures and loans.
Source of finance and international sources
This document discusses various sources of finance for businesses, including both domestic and international options. It covers topics such as leasing, venture capital, factoring, loans from institutions like the Export-Import Bank of India, and forms of debt financing like hire purchase. International sources of finance discussed include foreign direct investment (FDI), investments from foreign institutional investors (FII), and methods of raising capital abroad through vehicles like American depositary receipts (ADR) and global depositary receipts (GDR).
Sources of finance
There are three main sources of finance: 1) Security financing or external financing through ownership securities like equity shares and preference shares, and creditorship securities like debentures and bonds. 2) Internal financing through retained earnings and depreciation. 3) Loan financing, which includes short term loans from traders, banks, and commercial paper, as well as medium and long term loans from specialized financial institutions.
International financial-market-instruments
This document provides an overview of various types of international financial market instruments. It discusses foreign bonds, eurobonds, global bonds, straight bonds, floating rate notes, convertible bonds, cocktail bonds, euro notes, euro commercial paper, medium term euro notes, American depository receipts (ADRs), global depository receipts (GDRs), and the procedures and documentation involved in their issuance. The key instruments covered include bonds, notes, and receipts issued internationally across currencies and jurisdictions.
sources of finance
This document discusses various sources of finance for companies according to period, ownership, and source. It covers short, medium, and long term sources. Long term sources include equity financing through shares and preference shares. It also discusses debt financing through debentures and term loans. Other long term sources covered are internal financing through retained earnings and depreciation, and venture capital financing. The document provides details on the characteristics, types, advantages and disadvantages of each financing source.
Source of finance
Internal sources of finance for a business include cash from daily sales, extended credit from suppliers, and reducing stock levels. External finance comes from individuals or organizations outside the business, such as banks or investors. There are also differences between short-term and long-term financing. Short-term finance covers day-to-day operations and is paid back quickly, while long-term finance funds larger projects over multiple years and typically requires some security. A business can obtain funding from either internal or external sources.
Sources of finance
This document discusses various long-term sources of finance for businesses. It defines long-term finance as those needed for over a year, often for expansion projects. The sources discussed include equity shares, preference shares, debentures, term loans, securitization, leasing vs hire purchase, and other options like IPOs, government subsidies, supplier's credit, private placements, venture capital and bank loans. The key attributes and processes for each type are outlined.
Inventory management and its effects on working capital”
The document provides an overview of inventory management and its effects on working capital. It discusses that inventory is central to manufacturing and impacts many departments. The objectives are to study inventory management techniques and ratios, understand the impact of inventory on working capital, and suggest measures to improve inventory levels. It also profiles the metal fabrication industry and a company called Apex Auto Ltd that operates in this industry.
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The document discusses various dividend theories including:
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- Gordon's model which states a firm's share price depends on its dividend payout ratio. It provides a formula to calculate share price based on earnings, retention ratio, cost of capital, and growth rate.
- The Miller and Modigliani hypothesis which argues that the value of a firm is determined by its earnings power and business risk alone, not its dividend policy.
Dividend policy000
This document discusses several theories of dividends, including:
1. The relevance theory states that dividend policy affects firm value by influencing shareholders' preferences. The Walter model and Gordon's model fall under this theory.
2. The irrelevance theory, proposed by Modigliani and Miller, claims that dividend policy does not impact firm value under certain assumptions like perfect capital markets.
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Bop
The document discusses the balance of payments (BOP) and its components. It defines the BOP and current account, capital/financial account, and other accounts. It provides examples of transactions that would be included in each account, such as exports/imports, foreign direct investment, and changes in official reserves. It also discusses the relationship between the BOP and exchange rates and capital controls.
Sources of finance
This document discusses various sources of finance for companies. It outlines long-term sources such as bank loans, equity shares, debentures, and internal accruals. Medium-term sources include leasing, hire purchase, bonds, and medium-term loans. Short-term sources are bank overdrafts, trade credits, and customer advances. The document also discusses share capital, types of shares including preference and equity shares, borrowed funds both secured and unsecured, and international and domestic sources of funds.
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The balance of payments is a measurement of all international economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign residents over the course of a year. It is composed of the current account, which measures transactions with income or payment flows within one year like trade in goods and services, and the capital/financial account, which measures transactions of financial assets like foreign direct investment. A country will experience a balance of payments surplus if demand for its currency is high and a deficit if supply is high, affecting its exchange rate.
International bond markets
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This document discusses cash management. It defines cash and describes the goals of cash management as managing cash flows, maintaining optimal cash balances, and investing surplus cash. It outlines factors that influence a firm's cash holdings such as transaction, precautionary, and speculative motives. Methods of cash forecasting and models for determining optimal cash balances are presented, including the Baumol and Miller-Orr models. Techniques for accelerating cash collections and controlling disbursements are also summarized.
Ppt ch03 balance of payments
The document discusses key aspects of a country's balance of payments (BOP), including:
- The BOP measures all international economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign residents over a period, usually a year. It is a flow statement, not a balance sheet.
- The current account tracks goods/services trade and income/transfer flows. The capital/financial account tracks transactions in financial assets.
- Examples of typical BOP transactions include an Indian subsidiary distributing foreign products, an Indian firm constructing facilities abroad, and dividend payments from foreign subsidiaries to parents.
- India's current account balance turned to a modest deficit in 2004-05 due to a sharp rise in imports outpacing export growth
Foreign exchange risk management
The document discusses foreign exchange rate risk management. It begins by providing historical context of exchange rate risks emerging after the Bretton Woods system collapsed in the 1970s. It then defines foreign exchange rate risk and identifies the main categories of risk faced by firms. Measurement of risk is discussed, specifically Value at Risk. The document outlines the main techniques for managing exchange rate risk, including forward contracts, futures, options, and swaps. Hedging strategies using these derivatives to minimize risks of unpredictable exchange rate movements are also discussed. Specific hedging practices of US, Japan, and India firms are reviewed.
International bond market
This document summarizes the international bond market. It defines international bonds as bonds issued in a currency other than that of the investor or broker, including eurobonds issued in a foreign currency and foreign bonds issued by a foreign government or corporation. International bonds are further classified as euro bonds denominated in a currency but sold internationally, foreign bonds offered by a foreign borrower domestically, and global bonds issued and traded outside the currency's home country. The document also lists some key features and types of international bonds such as corporate bonds, government bonds, zero-coupon bonds, convertible bonds, and floating rate notes.
Dividend decision theories
This document discusses several theories of dividend decision-making:
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Review of overseas sources of finance for indian corporate
Rajiv Roy wrote a review of overseas sources of finance for Indian corporations. He discussed various equity sources such as American Depository Receipts (ADR), Global Depository Receipts (GDR), and debt sources including foreign currency loans. India's external debt in March 2020 was $558.5 billion, dominated by long-term borrowings. Prudent management of external debt is important for macroeconomic stability. International finance exists due to economic interdependence between nations and allows for international borrowing and lending.
Overseas sources of finance for indian corporates
I have been working on some of my college assignments, and I made this fine report on "Overseas sources of funds for Indian Corporates, and why Corporates lusts for those sources". Please read, review, and give your feedback.
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Financing for Foreign Operations Rani Channamma University, Sangolli Rayanna First Grade Constituent College, Belagavi
In International Financial market, Foreign operations are nothing without Financing. In this Presentation I have tried to provide all the information regards Financing for foreign operations unit in Multinational financial management with the help of some references Source of finance /uses/ reasons for its ups and downs
The document discusses various sources of finance including American Depository Receipts (ADR), Global Depository Receipts (GDR), Yankee bonds, Samurai bonds, Masala bonds, and External Commercial Borrowings. ADRs and GDRs allow foreign companies to issue shares on American and international exchanges. Yankee, Samurai, and Masala bonds are bonds issued by foreign entities in US, Japanese, and Indian markets respectively. External Commercial Borrowings provide loans to Indian companies from foreign lenders. The sources of finance are used to raise capital, diversify investor bases, and take advantage of foreign interest rates. Their usage can rise and fall based on factors like currency volatility, interest rate environments, and
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Financing through Global Depository Route by Indian Companies ( Authors : Par...
Abstract: Capital financing through depository receipts route by Indian Corporates has seen different trends due to various pros and cons, government policies in India. The study is done to understand the basic concepts of depository receipts like depository receipts mechanism, history, advantages and disadvantages, DR ratio, types of depository receipts roles and responsibilities of different entities during a GDR program, definition of significant beneficial owner in case of GDR etc. Basic analysis of different sectors of Indian economy is done by using basic statistical tools and tables and the conclusion of study reveals decline of depository receipts in India since 2008, dependence on UK, US and German Economy for depository receipts. Sector specific conclusion of Indian economy utilizing depository receipts as a financing tool is also drawn by this study.
Foreign capital & investment
Foreign capital includes any inflow of capital from abroad in the form of foreign aid, loans, grants, or foreign investment. It can benefit both developed and developing countries by filling financial gaps, supporting high investment levels, transferring technology, and exploiting natural resources. However, foreign capital flows have not always been satisfactory in all regions and countries. The document then discusses various sources of foreign capital like foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, external commercial borrowings, and differentiates between them. It also outlines some benefits and risks of foreign capital inflows.
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This document provides an overview of foreign capital in India. It discusses the different forms of foreign capital including foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, external aid, and external commercial borrowings. FDI can take the form of joint ventures, technical collaborations, or private placements. FPI includes investments in stocks, bonds, and funds raised through instruments like GDRs and ADRs. External aid may come from other governments, international organizations, or private sources, and can be tied to certain conditions or untied. ECBs comprise loans and credits from foreign commercial and multilateral sources used to finance commercial activities in India. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of foreign capital.
Foreign portfolio investments in india
- Foreign portfolio investment in India has increased significantly since the early 1990s when regulations were changed to encourage foreign investment. Total FPI grew from $1.6 billion in 1993-94 to over $127 billion by December 2011.
- The composition of FPI has changed over time, with investment from foreign institutional investors (FIIs) like pension funds and mutual funds becoming the dominant source of FPI, accounting for 75% of total FPI in 2007-08.
- FPI has impacts on the Indian economy through effects on the stock market, currency exchange rates, and inflation levels.
Overseas sources of finance for Indian Corporates
Indian companies are increasingly tapping into foreign capital markets to fund growth due to lower international interest rates. Some key sources of overseas finance discussed include:
1. Equity sources like American Depository Receipts (ADRs), which allow Indian companies to issue shares on the U.S. stock exchange, and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), which operate similarly but on exchanges outside the U.S.
2. Debt sources like Yankee bonds, which are U.S. dollar denominated bonds issued in the U.S. by foreign entities, and Samurai bonds issued in Japan.
3. Masala bonds are rupee denominated bonds issued by Indian entities outside of India. External
External / Overseas sources of funds for MNCs by Anshika Singh
MNCs require a lot of external sources of funding for their long term capital requirements.
International fund raising used to be the domain of multinational companies. MNCs not only source raw material across the world or sell products at many geographical regions, they are also scouting for capital all over the world and raise capital where it is cheaper. However with globalization and increased cross-border capital flows, smaller companies are enjoying the benefits of raising capital in the international market.
Here we would like to dwelve deeper into the different sources of funds of finance used by Multinational companies for their working capital and long term capital requirements.
The sources of finance researched are American Depository Receipts, Global Depository Receipts, Samurai bonds and Masala Bonds.
Sources of International Finance.pptx
The process of globalization has brought about numerous changes in the world economic and financial front.
Globalization has increased the capital mobility among countries which has led to development and sophistication of international financial markets.
What is International Finance?It is basically the study of monetary interactions that transpire between two or more countries. International finance focuses on areas such as FDI and currency exchange rates. Increased globalization has increased the importance of international finance.
With increasing volumes and complexities of international business, the study of international finance has become a specialized subject dealing with the study of :
Foreign Exchange Markets (Spot Transactions / Forward Market / Derivatives)
Exchange rates (Direct quote method / Indirect Quote)
MNC Financial System
Risk Management
International Accounting System
Sources of international finance
External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs)
Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs)
Depository Receipts (DRs)
American Depository Receipts (ADRs)
Global Depository Receipts (GDRs)
Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs)
Ppt overseas sources of finance
Indian companies are increasingly raising funds from overseas sources such as foreign banks, multilateral institutions, and international capital markets. There are multiple sources of overseas finance for Indian corporates including equity instruments like American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), as well as debt instruments denominated in foreign currencies like US dollar-denominated Yankee bonds and Japanese yen-denominated Samurai bonds. While overseas financing provides benefits like lower interest rates, it also exposes companies to risks related to foreign exchange rates and the economic conditions in other countries. Strict regulations apply to overseas bond issuances to protect investors.
International finance
it is final presentation of international finance .i hope it will be better for understand international finance...........................
Foreign portfolio investor
This document provides an overview of foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in India. It discusses the origin and composition of FPI flows, including foreign institutional investments, depository receipts, and offshore funds. It explains that FPI consists of passive investments in stocks, bonds, and other securities, as opposed to foreign direct investment which involves ownership and management of firms. The document outlines the benefits of FPI to India's economy as well as trends in FPI over time. It also analyzes the determinants and impacts of FPI flows, including both risks and benefits. In summary, the document serves as a comprehensive introduction to the topic of foreign portfolio investment in the Indian financial market.
HDFC sec note - Global funds - SWOT Analysis - Oct 03, 2013
Global funds are Indian mutual funds that invest mainly in global equities. Some schemes invest directly in international markets while others invest in international mutual funds. Global funds provide geographical diversification and access to global companies. However, they also have higher expenses than domestic funds. Global funds are suitable for investors with a minimum 3-year investment horizon who are willing to take on higher risk for diversification. The document then analyzes different subcategories of global funds focusing on their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It also provides performance comparisons of global fund categories versus domestic equity benchmarks and indexes.
Overseas Fund required by Indian Corporate
Indian corporations have several options for raising overseas finance through international financial markets. These include equity financing through instruments like American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), which allow Indian companies to issue shares and raise capital in foreign markets. Debt financing options include Yankee bonds which are dollar-denominated bonds issued in the US, Samurai bonds which are yen-denominated bonds issued in Japan, and Masala bonds which are rupee-denominated bonds issued overseas. Corporations can also take foreign currency loans or use External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) to raise funds in foreign currencies.
Current Update on Fixed Income Market - Valuations turned attractive
Keeping the Positive Macros and RBI’s increased headroom for action
• We believe the fixed income market has become quite attractive even though the current volatility has
been high
• We expect RBI to take action very soon, due to which the opportunity to invest remain right now before the
RBI comes into action
• The entire yield curve across rating category is now looking attractive
• Even in 2008 & 2013 post the volatility the fixed income market generated high positive returns for the
investors
Hence, we give a strong buy call on the fixed income market and recommend investing in schemes in the Low
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Overseas finance for indian corporate
Indian companies have several options for raising overseas finance through international capital markets. These include American Depository Receipts (ADRs), which allow Indian companies to issue shares and raise capital in the US market. Similarly, Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) allow companies to issue shares and raise funds in international markets like Europe. Indian companies can also take on debt financing through various bonds issued overseas such as Yankee bonds (US dollar bonds), Samurai bonds (Yen bonds), and Masala bonds (Rupee bonds issued abroad). Other options for overseas debt financing include foreign currency loans and external commercial borrowings regulated by the Reserve Bank of India.
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...Falcon Invoice Discounting
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
1：1制作加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.快速制作美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书英文原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
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Foriegn sources of finance
- 1. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 1
- 2. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 2
- 3. • External Borrowings • Foreign Funds 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 3
- 4. • These include loans obtained at high rates of interest with long maturity period and commercial borrowings. The major sources of concessional loans have been the International Monetary Fund (IMF),Aid India Consortium (AIC), Asian Development Bank (ADB), World Bank(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and International Financial Corporation, US Exim Bank, the Japanese Exim Bank, Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation of U.K. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 4
- 5. • The foreign investments in our country are generally done in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI) or through foreign collaborations. The foreign direct investment usually refers to the subscription by the foreigners to shares and debentures of the Indian Companies. This is also known as portfolio investment and covers their subscription to ADRs, GDRs and FCCBs (Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds). 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 5
- 6. • ADR (American depositary receipt). • GDR (Global depositary receipt). • FCCBs (Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds). 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 6
- 7. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 7
- 8. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 8
- 9. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 9
- 10. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 10
- 11. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 11
- 12. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 12
- 13. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 13
- 14. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 14
- 15. 2/29/2012 Foreign Sources Of Finance_FM_Team 3 15
Editor's Notes
- Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds commonly referred to as FCCB's are a special category of bonds. FCCB's are issued in currencies different from the issuing company's domestic currency. Corporates issue FCCB's to raise money in foreign currencies. These bonds retain all features of a convertible bond making them very attractive to both the investors and the issuers.These bonds assume great importance for multi-nationals and in the current business scenario of globalisation where companies are constantly dealing in foreign currencies.FCCB's are quasi-debt instruments and tradable on the stock exchange. Investors are hedge-fund arbitrators or foreign nationals.FCCB's appear on the liabilities side of the issuing company's balance-sheetUnder IFRS provisions, a company must mark-to-market the amount of its outstanding bondsThe relevant provisions for FCCB accounting are International Accounting Standards: IAS 39, IAS 32 and IFRS 7An American depositary receipt (ADR) is a negotiable security that represents the underlying securities of a non-US company that trades in the US financial markets. Individual shares of the securities of the foreign company represented by an ADR are called American depositary shares (ADSs).The stock of many non-US companies trades on US stock exchanges through the use of ADRs. ADRs are denominated, and pay dividends, in US dollars, and may be traded like shares of stock of US-domiciled companies.Definition of 'Global Depositary Receipt - GDR'1. A bank certificate issued in more than one country for shares in a foreign company. The shares are held by a foreign branch of an international bank. The shares trade as domestic shares, but are offered for sale globally through the various bank branchesRead more: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdr.asp#ixzz1nk8mVUQFThe first ADR was introduced by J.P. Morgan in 1927 for the British retailer Selfridges. There are currently four major commercial banks that provide depositary bank services: BNY Mellon, J.P. Morgan, Citi, and Deutsche Bank.
- The deal, at last, is done. After weeks of uncertainty, Britain's Vodafone announced on February 11that it had decided to pay $11.1 billion in cash and assume $2 billion in debt to buy a 67% stake inHutchison Essar, one of India's largest mobile operators with more than 22 million subscribers.