Forensic odontology

1. -
DR.RKT

2. “Forensic odontology”
-awareness to dentists
-Makes an impact on the fact
Presenting author: Dr.Ram kumar Thiramdas
Oral and maxillofacial pathology

3. CONTENTS
•Introduction
•Definition
•Breif history
•Role of a forensic odontologist
•Role of a general dentist in forensic investigation
•Conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION
Law
Effective
ARCHEOLOGY

5. •Odontostomatology
•Term “Forensic odontology”

6. IDENTIFICATION

7. NO TWO ORAL CAVITIES ARE SIMILAR

8. IMPORTANCE OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

11. DEFINITION
• Forensic odontology can be defined as a specialised
branch in dentistry which in the interest of justice
deals with the proper handling, examination of dental
evidence with proper presentation and proper
evaluation of dental findings- FDI

12. PAUL REVERE- In 1770’s , first dentist to use dental evidence for
EVOLUTION OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

13. “The role of the dentists in the identification of the victims in accidents” on 4 may
1897” at paris, international medical congress of moscow.
1898
FATHER OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

14. ADOLF HITLER
LEFT UPPER AND
LOWER BRIDGE
SEEN FROM THE
LINGUAL

15. Zia Ul Haq

16. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION:-
1- THE LEAST RELIABLE METHODS:
Visual recognition by relatives and friends.

17. 2- SCIENTIFIC IDENTIFICATION:
Fingerprints
Dental Characteristics
Skeletal Characteristics
Serology
(eg: rapist, a semen sample)
Hair
DERMATOGLYPHICS
RUGOSCOPY CHEILOSCOPY
AMELOGLYPHICS
NUMBER OF LAMELLAE
PER OSTEON

18. 3- IDENTIFICATION BY EXCLUSION:
-EXAMINATION & RECORDING OF ALL DETAILS.
-COLLECTION OF INFORMATION OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER FROM
MISSING PERSONS.
-MATCHING OF DATA OF BODY WITH THAT OF MISSING PERSON (ANTE
MORTEM DATA V/S ESTABLISHED POST MORTEM DATA).
Post morteum Antemorteum

19. ROLE OF A FORENSIC ODONTOLOGIST
-AGE ESTIMATION
-SCHLOUR, MASSLERS CHART for age estimation of
Childrens and adolescence (5 months of intrauterine life
to 21 years) along with radiographic estimation
-GUSTAFSON’S CHART for adults
Attrition
Secondary dentin deposition
Loss of periodontal attachment
Cememtum apposition at root apex
Root resorption at the apex
Value of third molar
Dentin translucency...

20. -Incremental lines of cementum
-Dentinal translucency

21. The tooth and pulp areas are delineated
and measured on computer software
programs such as AutoCAD

22. SEX DETERMINATION
•MCI in identification of sex has never exceeded 87.5%it can only be used as a
supplemental tool.
MANDIBULAR CANINE INDEX
Sex determination from dna and related structures
-Necrotic tissue stained with Quinacrine mustard and using fluorescent Y chromosome
Can test gender for mles.
-PCR amplification method .
SEX DETERMINATION BY ROOT LENGTH AND CROWN DIAMETER
-80% accuracy
-done by optical scaner

23. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
It includes investigation of
Bite marks
Child Abuse
Lip Prints
BITEMARKS
RELATED KEYWORDS: Nirbhaya-Case|Forensic-Analysis|Dharwad-College
Nirbhaya case: Dharwad college helped with forensic analysis
Basavaraj F Kattimani, TNN | Sep 13, 2013, 01.19AM IST
HUBLI: The forensic odontology department of the SDM Dental College, Dharwad played a vital role in proving guilty all the accused in
Nirbhaya rape and murder case.
Delhi police sent samples of dental modules of the five accused (except the juvenile) for forensic analysis to be compared with bite marks on the
victim's body. Dr Ashit B Acharya,
head of the department, told TOI: "On December 17, I received a call from Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi where the victim was admitted. They
sought our help with dental forensics."
"After confirming that our college is the referral centre for forensic dental cases in Karnataka and I have a recognized degree in forensics, Delhi
police approached us with a few photographs of the bite marks on the victim and dental modules of the five accused for comparison. We took
five days to conduct a thorough forensic analysis from January 3 to 7, 2013 and established that at least five marks matched the accused dental
modules. We used computer analysis for it,"

24. A bitemark has been defined as a pattern produced by
human or animal dentitions and associated structures in
any substance capable of being marked by these means.
Morphology
of
a
bite mark
DEFINITION

25. FACTORS AFFECTING BITE MARKS APPEARENCE
Status of tissue
Time elapsed b/w biting
& impression making
The manner in which the
bite mark is made
The no. of teeth involved
Number of dental peculiarities
possessed by bite marks.
Reaction of surrounding
tissue.

26. BITE MARKS APPEARENCE
TYPE OF INJURY
Compression of skin surface due to tooth pressure during a bite
Indentation
This will soon disappear
Edema
This subsides
Subcutaneous bleeding
Contusions
Discoloration of skin
Reddish
Bluish

27. Lacerated wound caused by the mandibular
anterior teeth.
Contusion is the most
common presentation of bite
mark injuries. They may be very mild
(1), with no obvious tooth marks, or
show more distinct tooth patterns (2).
Bite marks made by adobe photoshop

28. CLASS FEATURES:
TEETH MARKS PRODUCED
Incisors Rectangular
Canines Triangular/rectangular
Premolars and molars Spherical/ pointed.
II) MAC DONALD’S CLASSIFICATION
Based on etiology:-
A) TOOTH PRESSURE MARKS
B) TONGUE PRESSURE MARKS
‘suckling’ marks
C) TOOTH SCRAPE MARKS
anterior teeth.

29. RECORDING OF A BITE MARK:
There are two methods:- 1- Photography method 2- Impression method
I. PHOTOGRAPHIC METHOD
DISADVANTAGE
The registration of the factual3-D
relations is almost impossible.
SALIVA SWABS
Cotton
-dry cotton
-wet cotton
-UV light
-Bite mark bacteria provide potential forensic clues.
2. Close up photograph
1. Orientation
photograph

30. IMPRESSION:
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A SUSPECTS TEETH
•Relation b/w upper & lower jaw
•Forms of the arches
•Missing teeth
•Displacement of teeth –ROTATION
•Mesiodistal width of teeth
•Special features: incisal edges, fractures….
-VINYL POLYSILOXANE
-Dental stone, self cure acrylic

31. COMPARISION TECHNIQUE
A. LIFE SIZE COMPARISION
Made b/w life size 1:1 photographs & a variety of tracing agents.
i) DIRECT METHOD
ii) INDIRECT METHOD
COMPUTER SOFTWARE PROGRAMS
3-D/CAD supported photogrammetry
B. ASSISTED COMPARISONS
microscopes, electronic, histological, radiographic and specialized techniques
including the use of experimental bite marks.

32. SPECIALIZED TECHNIQUES
A)XERORADIOGRAPHY
iodine contract media
B) TRANSILLUMINATION
deep of bite mark
C) VIDEO TAPE ANALYSIS
colour changes
D) SCANNING MICROSCOPY
3D

33. KOTHAKOTA
IN
MAHABUBNAGAR
DISTRICT
SADDAM HUSSEIN
RECENT
VOLVO BUS ACCIDENT

34. Extraction of DNA for sex determintion

35. DNA

36. EXTRACTION OF DNA
STEPS IN DNA AMPLICATION

37. ROLE OF A DENTIST IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
•Case history
•Casts
•X-rays
•Photographs
•Cephalometric analysis
DENTIST AS A KEY WITNESS
PRESERVATION OF RECORDS
COMPARISION OF RECORDS BEFORE AND AFTER DEATH

38. DENTURE MARKING
CLEAR ACRYLIC
LAYER
MAKING A BURROW
PATIENT’S DETAILS
Colvenkar SS. Lenticular card: A new method for denture identifi cation.
Indian J Dent Res 2010;21:112-4.

39. Indian Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry,
Vol. 2, Issue 2, February-April 2012
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS TO THE FIELD OF
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

40. CONCLUSION
Positive conclusion
Negative conclusion
Possible conclusion

41. ARMAMENTARIUM REQUIRED IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

42. FORENSIC
ODONTOLOGIST
FORENSIC
ARECHEOLOGY
FORENSIC
MEDICINE

43. 1) ROLE OF TOOTH BRUSH IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
( GENDER DETERMINATION)
BY: Dr.Vikram simha Reddy
2) CO-RELATIVE STUDY ON LIP PRINTS, FINGER PRINTS
AND MANDIBULAR INTERCANINE DISTANCE
ONGOING BY: Dr. Sonia singh, III YEAR
RESEARCHES ON FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY FROM OUR DEPARTMENT

44. Very soon forensic odontology gonna evolve as a seperate
branch because of increase in sexual assualts and crime rates
again women in india. ( NIRBAYA’S CASE )
According to Dental Council of india,

45. • Rajendran R, Sivapathasundharam B, editors. Shafer’s text book of oral pathology. Elsevier
publications,7 edition.
• Vandana M Reddy, Sushmitha Saxena, Puja Bansal. Mandibular canine index as a sex
determinant: A study of the population of western Uttar Pradesh J Oral and Maxillofacial
Pathology 2008;12: 56-59.
• S Kaushal, V V G Patnaik G, Agnihotri. Mandibular canine in sex determination. J of Anat Soc.
India 2003; 52:119-124.
• S Kaushal, V.V.G Patnaik, V Sood, G Agnihotri. Sex determination in North Indians using
mandibular canine index. J of Ind Assoc for Med 2004;26: 45-49.
• Ashith B Acharya, Sneeddha Mainali Univariate. sex dimorphism in the nepalese dentition and
the use of discrinant functions in gender assesment Forensic science international 2007;173:47-
56.
• M Muller, L Lupi-Pegurier, G Quatrehomme, M Bolla. Odontometric method useful in
determining gender and dental alignment Forensic science international 2001; 121: 194-197.
REFERENCES

46. • Dr.Ravi prakash, HOD.
• Dr.Rajinikanth.M
• Dr.Vikram Simha Reddy
• Dr.Sreenath.G
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

47. 47
Thank
Q?