World English refers to the English language as a lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy and other spheres of global activity, while World Englishes refers to the different varieties of English and English-based creoles developed in different regions of the world, Smith and Forman (1997), and Thumboo (2001b).
World English refers to the English language as a lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy and other spheres of global activity, while World Englishes refers to the different varieties of English and English-based creoles developed in different regions of the world, Smith and Forman (1997), and Thumboo (2001b).
Organizational Structure-Planning and Implementation.pdfVarren Pechon
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: Planning & Implementation-A social unit of people, systematically structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis.
MPA-MBA-Human Resource Management for Public Organization.pdfVarren Pechon
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATION-Human resource management can be defined as
– “ employing people, developing their resource, utilizing maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational requirements”
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Yellow
Is the color of gold,
butter and ripe lemons.
In the spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found
between green and
orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
3
4. Let me start with some questions for you.
✓ How many of you take or know a language other
than English?
✓ How many of you know a person who does not
speak English?
4
5. A foreign language is any language that is not native to
a particular region or person. Obviously, this definition varies
from region to region and by the individuals within a particular
region. Many countries have more than one official language or
contain significant populations that speak their own languages.
Foreign language instruction is often required or strongly
encouraged in primary and secondary education; there are also
numerous methods of adult language instruction. Many people
are bilingual or multilingual, that is, fluent in two or more
languages; this is an asset in many professions.
5
6. The connection of language with culture is not
insignificant. Studying a foreign language is key to understanding
and communicating with the people of a foreign culture. Schools
around the world encourage students to study at least one
foreign language, and doing so is a requirement for many
colleges and universities. There is evidence that people learn
languages more readily as children than they can in later life.
Teaching foreign languages to children also enhances problem-
solving skills that they can use in other situations.
6
7. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is the
term used to describe the study of English by non-
native speakers in countries where English is not the
dominant language. This is not to be confused with
English as a Second Language—also called English as
an Additional Language—which is the practice of
learning English in a predominantly English-
speaking country.
7
8. 8
How EFL Relates to the Expanding Circle Theory
English as a Foreign Language loosely corresponds
with the Expanding Circle theory of language described by
linguist Braj Kachru in "Standards, Codification and
Sociolinguistic Realism: The English Language in the Outer
Circle."
9. 9
According to this theory, there are three concentric circles of
World English that can be used to categorize places where
English is studied and spoken and map English diffusion.
1. inner circle - Native English speakers
2. Outer circle - English-speaking countries that have
historically adopted English as a second language or
lingua franca
3. Expanding circle - countries in which English is used
some but is not widely spoken
10. Differences Between ESL and EFL
ESL and EFL are not the same in the context of
World Englishes and the Expanding Circle, but they are
often considered equivalent otherwise. And even when
considered separate, classifying a country or region as
ESL- or EFL-speaking is difficult, as Charles Barber
explains briefly in the following excerpt.
10
11. "The distinction between second language and
foreign language is not ... a sharp one, and there are
cases, like Indonesia, where classification is disputable.
Moreover, there is a considerable amount of variation in
the roles played by second languages, for example in
education, in the fields of discourse used, and in the
giving of prestige or power.
11
12. In India, the medium of instruction in
schools was changed from English to the regional
languages after Independence, and subsequently
there has been a gradual process of Indianization
of the universities, which at one time were all
English-medium," (Barber 2000).
12
13. 13
English as a Medium of Instruction
The way that English is taught in a given country plays a
key role in determining what variety of English is spoken there. For
example, if the majority of students have spoken English since
birth and you teach exclusively in English, you know that you are
dealing with an ENL country. Ultimately, writer Christopher
Fernandez argues, English is only considered a medium of
instruction in education and government in ESL or ENL contexts,
not EFL.
14. 14
English as a Medium of Instruction
"Although ESL (English as Second Language) and EFL
(English as Foreign Language) are often used interchangeably,
there are unique differences between the two. ... ESL countries are
nations where the medium of instruction in education and
government is in English, although English may not be the native
language.
On the other hand, EFL countries do not use English as a medium
15. 15
English as a Medium of Instruction
"Although ESL (English as Second Language) and EFL
(English as Foreign Language) are often used interchangeably,
there are unique differences between the two. ... ESL countries are
nations where the medium of instruction in education and
government is in English, although English may not be the native
language.
16. 16
On the other hand, EFL countries do not use English as a medium
of instruction but English is taught in schools. Malaysia was once
considered an ESL country but now leans more towards EFL. The
methods and approaches of teaching English as a second
language and foreign language do differ greatly," (Fernandez
2012).
17. ESL and EFL Teaching
So how do the methods of teaching English as a second language
and as a foreign language differ?
English as a second language is learned in environments
where English is already regularly spoken; English as a foreign
language is learned in environments where English is not spoken.
Lee Gunderson et al. explain: "ESL and EFL instructional
approaches differ in significant ways. ESL is based on the premise
that English is the language of the community and the school and
that students have access to English models.
17
18. EFL is usually learned in environments where the language
of the community and the school is not English. EFL teachers have
the difficult task of finding access to and providing English models
for their students. ... As the number of ESL students has increased
in schools across North America, more classrooms and schools
have become more like EFL than ESL environments," (Gunderson
et al. 2009).
18
19. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
19
20. Yellow
Is the color of gold,
butter and ripe lemons.
In the spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found
between green and
orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
20
22. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
22
23. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
23
24. Yellow
Is the color of gold,
butter and ripe lemons.
In the spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found
between green and
orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
24
25. EDIT IN GOOGLE SLIDES
Click on the button under the
presentation preview that says "Use as
Google Slides Theme".
You will get a copy of this document on
your Google Drive and will be able to edit,
add or delete slides.
You have to be signed in to your Google
account.
EDIT IN POWERPOINT®
Click on the button under the presentation
preview that says "Download as PowerPoint
template". You will get a .pptx file that you
can edit in PowerPoint.
Remember to download and install the
fonts used in this presentation (you’ll find
the links to the font files needed in the
Presentation design slide)
More info on how to use this template atwww.slidescarnival.com/help-use-presentation-template
This template is free to use under Creative Commons Attribution license. You can keep the Credits slide or mention
SlidesCarnival and other resources used in a slide footer.
25
26. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
26
27. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
27