Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a condition present at birth where joints become fixed in a bent or straightened position, restricting movement. The most common type is amyoplasia, affecting the legs more than arms. The cause is unknown but may involve decreased movement in utero. Symptoms include limited or absent motion of small and large joints. Intensive therapy from infancy can help improve range of motion and independence with self-care and mobility. Precautions during therapy include gentle handling and splinting of joints. The condition impacts daily living and families require support to consistently provide therapy.
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a disorder that affects the early development of body joints in a fetus, most commonly the large joints in the arms and legs. An infant who is born with the condition typically has limited mobility and obvious physical deformities in one or more joints.
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a disorder that affects the early development of body joints in a fetus, most commonly the large joints in the arms and legs. An infant who is born with the condition typically has limited mobility and obvious physical deformities in one or more joints.
This is a presentation I did last semester in which I discuss how the OTPF applies to osteogenesis imperfecta. I collected data from scholarly as well as non-scholarly resources. I hope this is helpful to you.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MedicYatra provides the safe Genu Valgum (Knock knee) treatment and Surgery at its affiliate & trusted hospitals & clinics in various metro cities of India, like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Pune etc.Our Associate Board certified doctors are extensively trained and vastly experienced and have performed hundreds of such cases at our state of the art JCI accredited hospitals & Clinics. Our aim is to provide you the best of the services at the most affordable costs. Don't forget to say hi at info@medicyatra.com
Goldenhar syndrome, a term that is often used synonymously with “Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral (OAV) spectrum”, is a rare disorder that is apparent at birth (congenital). The disorder is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms and physical features that may vary greatly in range and severity from case to case. However, such abnormalities tend to involve the cheekbones, jaws, mouth, ears, eyes and/or bones of the spinal column (vertebrae). Although, in most cases, such malformations affect one side of the body (unilateral), approximately 10–33 per cent of affected individuals have such malformations on both sides of the body (bilateral), with one side typically more affected than the other (asymmetry). In the majority of such cases, the right side is more severely affected than the left.
Syndromes /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
SYNDROME,
SYN= TOGETHER ,DROMOS= A RUNNING
“The aggregate of signs & symptoms associated with any morbid process & constituting together the picture of the disease and related to each other anatomically, biochemically or physiologically”
A group of deformations and malformation sequences, etc. that occur together due to some identifiable underlying cause.
Syndromes can be caused by chromosomes anomalies, single genes mutations, teratogens, or other causes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SYNDROME
Etiologic classification
Embryologic or Histologic classification
Syndrome prototypes
Polythetic classification
Monothetic classification
Mixed classification
Morphogenetic classification
ETIOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION
Syndromes can be classified according to broad etiologic categories such as
Monogenic
Chromosomal
Environmentally induced
Such classifications usually requires supplementary categories such as
Multifactorial
Disruptive
Unknown
SYN= TOGETHER ,DROMOS= A RUNNING
“The aggregate of signs & symptoms associated with any morbid process & constituting together the picture of the disease and related to each other anatomically, biochemically or physiologically”
A group of deformations and malformation sequences, etc. that occur together due to some identifiable underlying cause.
Syndromes can be caused by chromosomes anomalies, single genes mutations, teratogens, or other causes.
Etiology of malocclusion 1/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This is a presentation I did last semester in which I discuss how the OTPF applies to osteogenesis imperfecta. I collected data from scholarly as well as non-scholarly resources. I hope this is helpful to you.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MedicYatra provides the safe Genu Valgum (Knock knee) treatment and Surgery at its affiliate & trusted hospitals & clinics in various metro cities of India, like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Pune etc.Our Associate Board certified doctors are extensively trained and vastly experienced and have performed hundreds of such cases at our state of the art JCI accredited hospitals & Clinics. Our aim is to provide you the best of the services at the most affordable costs. Don't forget to say hi at info@medicyatra.com
Goldenhar syndrome, a term that is often used synonymously with “Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral (OAV) spectrum”, is a rare disorder that is apparent at birth (congenital). The disorder is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms and physical features that may vary greatly in range and severity from case to case. However, such abnormalities tend to involve the cheekbones, jaws, mouth, ears, eyes and/or bones of the spinal column (vertebrae). Although, in most cases, such malformations affect one side of the body (unilateral), approximately 10–33 per cent of affected individuals have such malformations on both sides of the body (bilateral), with one side typically more affected than the other (asymmetry). In the majority of such cases, the right side is more severely affected than the left.
Syndromes /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
SYNDROME,
SYN= TOGETHER ,DROMOS= A RUNNING
“The aggregate of signs & symptoms associated with any morbid process & constituting together the picture of the disease and related to each other anatomically, biochemically or physiologically”
A group of deformations and malformation sequences, etc. that occur together due to some identifiable underlying cause.
Syndromes can be caused by chromosomes anomalies, single genes mutations, teratogens, or other causes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SYNDROME
Etiologic classification
Embryologic or Histologic classification
Syndrome prototypes
Polythetic classification
Monothetic classification
Mixed classification
Morphogenetic classification
ETIOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION
Syndromes can be classified according to broad etiologic categories such as
Monogenic
Chromosomal
Environmentally induced
Such classifications usually requires supplementary categories such as
Multifactorial
Disruptive
Unknown
SYN= TOGETHER ,DROMOS= A RUNNING
“The aggregate of signs & symptoms associated with any morbid process & constituting together the picture of the disease and related to each other anatomically, biochemically or physiologically”
A group of deformations and malformation sequences, etc. that occur together due to some identifiable underlying cause.
Syndromes can be caused by chromosomes anomalies, single genes mutations, teratogens, or other causes.
Etiology of malocclusion 1/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The term ‘cerebral palsy’ includes a group of disorders that result from permanent non-progressive brain damage during early development and are characterized by abnormalities of movement and posture.
ALS ( Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) / Lou Gehrig's DiseaseSiddharthRajah
A PPT made by Siddharth Rajah a biology student in his high school on the deadly nervous disease called ALS. It has affected many people like Stephen Hawking. Want to know more about this? You can see my PPT on it which I made for my Grade 11 Biology Project.
REVIEW CURRENTOPINION Toe walking causes, epidemiology, ass.docxmichael591
REVIEW
CURRENTOPINION Toe walking: causes, epidemiology, assessment,
and treatment
Copyright
www.co-pediatrics.com
Joseph J. Ruzbarsky, David Scher, and Emily Dodwell
Purpose of review
The present review includes the most up-to-date literature on the causes, epidemiology, diagnosis, and
treatment of toe walking.
Recent findings
The prevalence of toe walking at age 5.5 years is 2% in normally developing children, and 41% in
children with a neuropsychiatric diagnosis or developmental delays. A recent systematic review concluded
that there is good evidence for casting and surgery in the treatment of idiopathic toe walking, with only
surgery providing long-term results beyond 1 year. Botox combined with casting does not provide better
outcomes compared with casting alone. Ankle-foot-orthoses restrict toe walking when worn, but children
revert to equinus gait once the orthosis is removed.
Summary
Toe walking can occur because of an underlying anatomic or neuromuscular condition, but in the majority
of cases toe walking is idiopathic, without a discernable underlying cause. For some families, toe walking
may simply be a cosmetic concern, whereas in other cases it can cause pain or functional issues. Treatment
for toe walking is based on age, underlying cause, and the severity of tendon contracture. Described
treatments include casting, chemical denervation, orthotics, physical therapy, and surgical lengthening of
the gastroc–soleus–Achilles complex. A careful history, clinical exam, and selective diagnostic testing can
be used to differentiate between different types of toe walking and determine the most appropriate
treatment for each child.
Keywords
ankle-foot-orthoses, equinus, orthotics, serial casting, tendon lengthening, toe walking
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
Correspondence to Emily Dodwell, MD, MPH, Hospital for Special
Surgery, 535 E. 70th St., New York, NY 10025, USA. Tel: +1 212
606 1451; fax: +1 212 774 7065; e-mail: [email protected]
Curr Opin Pediatr 2016, 28:40–46
DOI:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000302
INTRODUCTION
Toe walking entails walking on the toes or forefoot,
with a lack of heel strike upon initiation of the
stance phase of gait. Toe walking is considered a
normal stage in gait development, but should
resolve by 3–7 years of age [1,2]. Although the
majority of toe walkers are otherwise healthy chil-
dren, it is important to approach each case with a
high index of suspicion as toe walking can be due to
a structural problem such as a contracted tendon,
compensation for a short limb, or a manifestation of
autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), cerebral palsy,
muscular dystrophies, or other neurologic or neuro-
muscular conditions (Table 1). Idiopathic toe walk-
ing (ITW) is a diagnosis of exclusion; the diagnosis
can only be made when other potential diagnoses
have been ruled out.
Toe walking (Fig. 1) is a frequent cause of pres-
entation to the pediatrician, neurologist, podiatrist,
and pediatric orthopedic s.
Craniofacial syndromes /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020
For hcs310common conditionspeds
1. Running Head: Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita 1
Alexandria Amici
OT 334: Occupational Performance I: Pediatrics
Professor Thomas
2/18/16
Common Conditions Assignment:
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
2. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita 2
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita can also be referred to as arthrogryposis, or
abbreviated as AMC (Hall 2013). AMC is a condition in which concractures develop at
important joints in more than one area of the body. Amyoplasia is the most common form of
AMC, and there are other subtypes as well. Symptoms are present at birth and intensive therapy
begins as soon as possible after initial diagnosis (Hall 2013). The etiology of AMC is unknown,
but there are factors that may be linked to developing it and can also be associated with different
genes. The main symptom of AMC is the contractures at multiple areas of the body restricting
movement at these joints (Hall 2013). AMC may have effects that can impact the functional
performance of a child. Therefore, different areas of occupation will need intensive therapy to
further independence. There are special precautions that need to be met when dealing with these
fragile individuals. Families will also be affected by this condition and may need some support
while helping their child through this.
Condition Description
AMC is a description for the development of concractures affecting more than one area
of the body. A concracture is a condition in which joints become permanently in a flexed or
extended position, which restricts movement. “AMC affects 1 in 3,000 individuals” (Hall 2013).
The most common type of AMC is amyoplasia being 40 % of all cases (Chen 2015). AMC can
be broken down into these two subtypes of amyoplasia and distal arthtogryposis. (Hall 2013)
Distal arthrogryposis has less to do with proximal joints, and there are different forms of this
which are very rare; Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, Gordon syndrome,
trismuspseudocamptodoctyly, multiple pterygium syndrome, and Sheldon-Hall syndrome . “Ten
3. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita 3
percent of these individuals have gastrodschisis” (Hall 2013). Gastrodschisis is having a hole in
your intestinal wall that allows intestines to come out causing major bowel trouble (Hall 2013).
The muscles may be underdeveloped because of the contractures forming around the limbs.
Symptoms
Symptoms are present at birth so that would be the age of onset with the congenital
contractures. Legs are typically affected more often than the arms. Range of deficits includes
most physical aspects of the child (Hall 2013). Intelligence may or may not be affected but lack
of range of motion is a huge problem for children with this condition. The hallmark symptom
for AMC is limited or absent movement around small or large joints; due to contractures. Clients
with AMC usually have severe clubfoot, wrists are flexed, and fingers are flexed and stiff. The
shoulders of a child with AMC may be internally rotated and drawn inward (Chen 2015). Elbows
usually extended to full extension and stuck in this position. There may also be structural of
functional abnormalities of the central or peripheral nervous systems (Hall 2013). Webbing of
the fingers and toes may also occur because they are always so closely packed together. There
are some factors that may be linked to the development of AMC.
Etiology
The cause or etiology of AMC is unknown but it can have different associations with it. It
also depends on the specific type of AMC to determine what the cause might be. AMC is thought
to be related to decreased movement in utero (Hall 2013). Decreased movement in utero can be
because of low amniotic fluids, maternal illness, connective tissue disorders, and limited space in
the womb. AMC may also occur due to genetic mutation because over 125 genes have been
identified as responsible for different types of AMC (Hall 2013). Symptoms may also very
4. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita 4
drastically depending on the cause and type of this condition. Functional performance is
impacted greatly especially in performing ADLs.
Functional Performance
Muscles of affected limbs may be undeveloped. Soft tissue webbing may occur on
affected joints. These children can have abnormally slender long bones of the arms and legs, may
have cleft palate. It is important to start therapy right at infancy (Hall 2013). ADLs are affected
greatly because there is no range of motion in these joints. Range of motion is needed for tasked
such as self feeding, bathing, and dressing. Intensive therapy can lead to independence with
functional ambulation. The key is to start working on exercises right away. AMC can also be
associated with spinal muscular atrophies (Chen 2015). The children cannot walk by themselves
and have very decreased range of motion; this makes performing and self tasks nearly
impossible. AMC affects their ability to work because they cannot walk or move very well.
Social participation, play, and leisure may be difficult due to being wheelchair or walker bound.
Education should be fine as there are no cognitive deficits.
Precautions and Special Considerations
Most newborns will be receiving treatment for AMC (Chen 2015). Therefore, a
precaution is to be very gentle when working on range of motion exercises with these infants
(Chen 2015). Splinting may also be needed to keep the joints from further contracture and
increasing movement in these weak muscles and joints. One must also remember that there is no
cognitive deficit so talk to these children the way they are meant to be talked to. Do not talk
down to them. Be very patient, this therapy process for AMC is slow but rewarding when finally
accomplished.
5. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita 5
Family Considerations
Having an infant with this condition right at birth may scare some new parents. AMC is
not fatal but it is important for the family to be aware and informed of the upcoming struggles
they will face with their child. The family must learn how important therapy is and the need for
consistency. Therapy is the key for children with AMC to eventually walk independently or with
a walker (Chen 2015). They have symptomatic supportive treatment or genetic counseling for
individuals and families. If a parent has an abnormal gene, there is a risk of passing it to
offspring. “50% chance for the pregnancy to result in having AMC, regardless of the sex of the
baby” (Hall 2013). Once one has a child with AMC, it will not recur again in another child.
There have been no reports of recurrence in any of these families.
6. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita 6
References
Hall, J.G.(2013). Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita. National Organization for Rare Diseases.
Retreived Feb. 11, 2016 From http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/arthrogryposis-
multiplex-congenita/
Chen, H. (2015). Arthrogryposis Treatment&Management. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 11, 2016
from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/941917-treatment
7. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita 7
Lexi Amici
Common Conditions Assignment: Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita supplementary
materials
1. Condition Description
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita can also be referred to as arthrogryposis, or
abbreviated as AMC.
AMC is a description for the development of concractures affecting more than
one area of the body.
A concracture is a condition in which joints become permanently in a flexed or
extended position, which restricts movement
Subtypes
Most common type is amyoplasia(40 % of all cases)
amyoplasia
distal arthtogryposis
Distal arthrogryposis has less to do with proximal joints, and there are different forms
of this which are very rare: Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, Gordon syndrome,
trismuspseudocamptodoctyly, multiple pterygium syndrome, and Sheldon-Hall syndrome
Age of onset: symptoms of congenita; contractures are present at birth Intelligence may
or may not be affected but usually is not
Legs are typically affected more than the arms
2. Etiology: amyoplasia occurs sporadically
The cause or etiology of AMC is unknown but it can have different associations with it
AMC is thought to be related to decreased movement in utero
Decreased movement in utero
low amniotic fluids,
maternal illness,
connective tissue disorders
limited space in the womb
May also be due to genetic mutation, over 125 genes have been identified as responsible
for different types of AMC
3. Symptoms& Presentation
The hallmark symptom for AMC is limited or absent movement around small or large
joints; due to contractures
Clients with AMC usually have severe clubfoot, wrists are flexed, fingers are flexed and
stiff
Shoulders may be internally rotated and drawn inward
Elbows usually extended
Effects of Condition
8. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita 8
10% of individuals with AMC have gastrodschisis
AMC affects 1 in 3,000 individuals
Muscles of affected limbs may be undeveloped
Soft tissue webbing may occur on affected joints
Can have abnormally slender long bones of the arms and legs, may have cleft palate
4. Functional Performance
Areas of Occupation
It is important to start therapy right at infancy
Intensive therapy can lead to independence with functional ambulation
The key is to start working on range of motion consistently
AMC can also be associated with spinal muscular atrophies
Most areas of occupation are affected; ADLs and IADLs especially
The children cannot walk by themselves and have very decreased range of motion; this
makes performing and self tasks nearly impossible
Affects their ability to work
Social participation, play, and leisure may be difficult due to being wheelchair or walker
bound
Education should be fine as there is no cognitive deficits
5. Precautions/Considerations
Most newborns will be receiving treatment for AMC
A precaution is to be very gentle when working on range of motion exercises with these
infants
Splinting may also be needed
6. Family Considerations
They have symptomatic supportive treatment or genetic counseling for individuals and
families
If a parent has an abnormal gene, there is a risk of passing it to offspring
50% chance for the pregnancy regardless of the sex of the baby
Once one has a child with AMC, it will not recur again in another child