Foot-and-mouth disease in Burundi (K. de Clercq)

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The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against Foot-and-mouth Disease.

Government & Nonprofit

Foot-and-mouth disease in
Burundi
EuFMD OS18
Borgo Egnazia, Italy, October 29th-31st 2018
Laboratoire National Vétérinaire, Bujumbura, Burundi
and Sciensano, Belgium
Andrea I Estevez Garcia, D Lefebvre, L Nyabongo, A Haegeman,
C Nkundwanayo, A De Vleeschauwer, D Ntakirutimana, I De Leeuw,
D Nsanganiyumwami, T van den Berg, A Niyokwishimira,
Kris De Clercq

Burundi
August 2013 = Last reported FMD
outbreak in Burundi, no information
regarding serotype
Burundi: Pool 4 (Eastern
Africa) FMDV circulating O,
A, SAT1 and SAT2
FMDV SAT3 has not been
described so far in Burundi.
It is present in pool 6
(Southern Africa)

Livestock management systems in Burundi
• Smallholders in subsistence-oriented mixed crop-livestock systems
• Nomadism and semi-nomadism (distant grazing areas)
• Transhumance on seasonal cycles

Study during the period 2016-2017
• To investigate a possible FMD epidemic in Burundi in March 2016,
using clinical surveillance (clinical signs or history of clinical signs) with
sampling and testing samples for serological, virological and molecular
evidence of FMDV
• Local animal health authorities: outbreak probably introduced by cattle
coming from Tanzania
• 423 cows were reported as affected in the Bururi Province
• There were no records of cattle vaccination and the total number of
animals affected in other provinces remains unknown
• Control measures: closing cattle markets, banning transhumance and
free ranging grazing and building a quarantine center in the province
of Cankuzo at the Tanzanian-Burundi border.

Sampling
Type of
Sample
Total Provinces
Bubanza Bururi Cankuzo Cibitoke Mwaro
Rutan
a
Saliva 86 56 18 0 6 6 0
Oral lesions1 85 0 3 10 30 9 32
Hoof Lesions 23 0 0 17 2 2 3
Total of tissue
and or saliva
samples
194 56 21 27 38 17 35
Total of serum
samples
172 58 18 28 33 0 35

MATERIAL AND METHODS
• Samples
• 173 blood serum samples, 184 samples from vesicular lesions (oral mucosa or
hooves) and/or saliva
• Bovines 0,5 – 9 y
• Anti-FMDV antibodies detection
• Solid phase competition ELISAs
• NSP-3ABC-ELISA
• Real Time Reverse Transcription - PCR
• Triplex one-step protocol
• Targeting 3D gene, conserved across all FMDV serotypes
• Viral Isolation IB-RS-2 cells (3 passages)
• For samples negative in viral isolation test = electroporation (BHK-21 cells)
• Viral typing
• Indirect antigen-ELISA = A, O, C, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3
• Serotype specific RT-PCRs
• Sequencing

Virus isolation / RT-PCR RESULTS
VI POS
Cankuzo
Cibitoke 6
Mwaro 3
Rutana 9
Total 18

III I
VI
XI
XIII
XIV
VIII
XII
Hall, Knowles et al., 2013
Sequencing
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