Angela Odoms-Young, PhD, Food Insecurity and Obesity IPHA

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Food & Nutrition Section, Illinois Public Health Association

Obesity rates are very high among African American adults and children compared to other ethnic groups. Poor diets and social determinants of health significantly impact obesity in these communities. A study interviewed African American families in Chicago to understand how economic, transportation, and safety factors influence their food access and choices. Participants reported that limited income, lack of jobs, unreliable transportation, perceived racism in food marketing and retail, and community violence create significant barriers to accessing healthy and affordable food options.

Health & Medicine News & Politics

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A COMMUNITY-CENTERED VIEW OF INFLUENCES ON EATING, ACTIVITY, AND BODY WEIGHT © African American Collaborative Obesity Research Network Influences of Culture and Mindset Historical and Social Factors What are our social values? What do we believe in? What gives us pleasure? What gives comfort? How do we cope with stresses? What is fair treatment? Who earns our trust and our loyalty? Health and wellness High quality of life Do we have money to buy the things we need? What are our neighborhoods like? What type of food is available? How much does it cost? Where are opportunities for recreation and outdoor activities? Who sponsors community events? What messages do we get from TV, radio, outdoor ads, the web? What is our history? How does it affect the way we live now? What kinds of social institutions do we have? How do our faith communities support us? What are our families like? What are our community strengths? What is our collective strength for taking action? Environments to Navigate Long life

What is the Role of Neighborhood Food and Marketing Environments?

“ When We Have Better, We Can Do Better”

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Results: Participant Characteristics Characteristics n=19 Age 17-59 (mean 29 years) Female 78% (n=15) Englewood/West Englewood 78% (n=15) Residence 89% < 5 years (n=17) Education 73% > HS (n=14) Income 100% < $19,000 per year Martial Status 78% Single (n=15) Cash Assistance (TANF, SSI) 26% (n=5) Food/Nutrition Assistance 63% (n=12)

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Nature's Hotline Foundation aims to educate children and promote self-esteem through various initiatives. It was founded in 1978 and has transformed a former drug house into three units focused on nutrition, culture, and self-respect. The foundation's Natural Soul Food Cafe teaches about healthy eating and brings cultural awareness to the community. It also holds positive poetry and comedy performances at the 1st Marathon Mom's Mushland unit and jazz performances at the Community Sensitivity Dining Room to promote healthy living and reverse negative rap influences. The foundation seeks to end racism through education and help students make good decisions.

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Nature's Hotline Foundation aims to educate children and promote self-esteem through various initiatives, including the Natural Soul Food Cafe. The cafe serves healthy, nutritious food while also providing educational presentations on nutrition. It also hosts positive artistic performances at the 1st Marathon Mom's Mushland and jazz performances at the Community Sensitivity Dining Room to reverse negative influences and promote healthy living. The foundation seeks to end racism through cultural awareness and teaching children to make good decisions.

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TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia

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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles

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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram. Learning objectives: 1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography 2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG 3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II) 4. Differentiate between intervals and segments 5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG 6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle 7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph 8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained 9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range 10. Define the mean QRS vector 11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system) 12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG 13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation 14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance Study Resources: 1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/ 5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition 6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/ 7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics

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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).

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Angela Odoms-Young, PhD, Food Insecurity and Obesity IPHA

8. A COMMUNITY-CENTERED VIEW OF INFLUENCES ON EATING, ACTIVITY, AND BODY WEIGHT © African American Collaborative Obesity Research Network Influences of Culture and Mindset Historical and Social Factors What are our social values? What do we believe in? What gives us pleasure? What gives comfort? How do we cope with stresses? What is fair treatment? Who earns our trust and our loyalty? Health and wellness High quality of life Do we have money to buy the things we need? What are our neighborhoods like? What type of food is available? How much does it cost? Where are opportunities for recreation and outdoor activities? Who sponsors community events? What messages do we get from TV, radio, outdoor ads, the web? What is our history? How does it affect the way we live now? What kinds of social institutions do we have? How do our faith communities support us? What are our families like? What are our community strengths? What is our collective strength for taking action? Environments to Navigate Long life

9. What is the Role of Neighborhood Food and Marketing Environments?

10. “ When We Have Better, We Can Do Better”

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12. Results: Participant Characteristics Characteristics n=19 Age 17-59 (mean 29 years) Female 78% (n=15) Englewood/West Englewood 78% (n=15) Residence 89% < 5 years (n=17) Education 73% > HS (n=14) Income 100% < $19,000 per year Martial Status 78% Single (n=15) Cash Assistance (TANF, SSI) 26% (n=5) Food/Nutrition Assistance 63% (n=12)

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Editor's Notes

The African American Collaborative Obesity Research Network ( AACORN ) uses a community-centered approach for thinking through approaches to prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity. The underlying concept is that approaches to intervening on obesity are better framed in very ‘people-oriented’ terms. We ask, How do eating, physical activity and weight reflect the opportunities, constraints, and issues in people’s everyday lives? What aspects of people’s everyday lives and circumstances must be considered in order to develop appropriate, effective, and sustainable intervention approaches? How can interventions on obesity support high quality of life and community priorities that are broader than food, activity, or weight? In other words, it is not simply a matter of teaching people about how many calories are in their food or how long they have to exercise to burn a certain number of calories. Far from it. Many people in African American communities already know this information. The issue is much more complicated. The model shown in the diagram calls for reflection of several different types of community-level factors that, in combination, influence: a) eating habits and physical activity and, ultimately, body weight and body fatness; and b) resources available to take positive actions to address health problems that may be associated with some aspects of current eating or activity habits or weight levels. This diagram is a companion to AACORN’s “expanded obesity research paradigm”, a model that is oriented primarily to researchers who design studies of obesity prevention and treatment (link). It has been created to facilitate discussions among community members and between academically based researchers and their community research partners. The focus on eating, physical activity, and body weight is at the center, because the ultimate goal is to identify how the various influences from daily life influence and reinforce these aspects of health status. The balance scale is a reminder of the reality that extra weight is gained when the amount of calories eaten is too high and the calories used is too low. Discussion of this model can begin with any of the circles and can go back and forth among the circles to use the questions as prompts to discuss the general issues in each category and to also discuss how they influence eating, activity, and weight. Like AACORN’s research paradigm, this diagram was developed with a particular focus on African American communities. However, the concepts and the graphic have potential applicability to diverse communities. This model is geared to a collective or group perspective, i.e., what are the behaviors ‘on average’ or that tend to be the most common. The ‘our’ and ‘we’ references in the questions assume that those engaged in the discussion identify as having something in common in a way that makes them participants in the same community. This could be a geographical community (neighborhood) but not necessarily so. This approach recognizes that individuals within the community have a lot of variation in what they eat, how active they are, or whether they are overweight, but focuses on the issue that improvements on these fronts are needed, on average, to foster health and wellness and therefore high quality of life and longevity.

Angela Odoms-Young, PhD, Food Insecurity and Obesity IPHA

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Editor's Notes