The document discusses various tools and methods for measuring floor flatness and levelness (FF/FL), including the Dipstick Floor Profiler, F-Meter, FloorPro, and JSM-9000 Joint Stability Meter. It also summarizes industry standards like ASTM E 1155, ACI 117, ACI 302, which specify how to measure and specify FF/FL values. The company Impact Floors India Pvt. Ltd. is presented as providing expertise in measuring and consulting on floor flatness and levelness according to industry standards.

1. IMPACT FLOORS INDIA PVT.
LTD. AND
ALLFLAT Consulting, Inc.
Floor Flatness and Floor Levelness
FF/FL and F-min

2. Dipstick® Floor Profiler
• Random-Traffic Measurements or
• FF/FL (Floor Flatness and Floor Levelness)

3. Dipstick® 2200

4. F-Meter®
• FF/FL?
• Best for FF only

5. F-Meter

6. FloorPro®
• FF/FL only

7. FloorPro

8. JSM-9000 Joint Stability Meter
• for measuring vertical joint movement
under vehicle (forklift) loads.
• This is to monitor slab panel movement
between construction and contraction
joints.

10. F-min Profiler™
• This device is a “True Profileograph” and
emulates the “Exact Wheelbase” of any lift
truck or stacker crane.
• Don’t be fooled by other companies, which
claim their “Random Traffic” devices can
quickly and accurately simulate F-min
Profiles. It’s simple NOT true!

12. Controlling Documents
ASTM E-1155 96(2001)
ACI 117-06 (Concrete Tolerance)
ACI 302.1R-04 (Guidelines for construction )
ACI 360-10 (Design of Slabs On Ground)

13. ASTM E 1155 96 (2001)
• Mathematics for FF / FL
• Measure within 72 hours
• Parallel and perpendicular or 45° to placement
• 2 foot boundary
• Joint measurement

14. WHAT IS FLOOR FLATNESS?
FF
It is the statistical quantification of the 24 inch
curvature.
4.57/(3xStd Q + |mean Q|)

16. WHAT IS FLOOR LEVELNESS?
FL
It is the statistical quantification of the 10 foot slopes.
12.0/(3xStd Z + |mean Z|)

18. ACI 117
4.5.6 The FF FL system set forth in Section 4.5.6 of this specification provides the
specifier, contractor, and owner with a convenient and precise method of
communication, measurement, and determination of compliance of the floor surfaces
required and achieved, using the procedures set forth in ASTM E 1155. Floor profile
quality has traditionally been specified by limiting the size of the gap to be observed
under a free-standing or leveled 10 foot long straightedge. However, recent
improvements in floor profile measurement technology have surpassed all variations
of this "gap-under-the-straightedge" format.
F-numbers provide a convenient means for specifying the local
floor profile in statistical terms. Two distinct profile variables
are controlled: Flatness and Levelness

19. ACI 117
“Any individual floor section that measures less than either of
the specified minimum local F-numbers is rejected. If, after
combining all of the individual section results, the entire floor
measures less than either of the specified overall F-numbers,
then the whole floor is rejected.”
"the system provides a method for calculating the exact
percentage compliance between the floor's specified and
estimated F-numbers. To avoid any dispute regarding remedy,
the specification should clearly state the specific corrective
measures to be applied in the event of an out-of-tolerance
result."

20. ACI 117
“Shrinkage, curling, and deflection can all adversely affect floor
levelness. Measuring FL within 72 hours after floor slab
installation and before shores and/or forms are removed insures
that the floor's "as-built" levelness is accurately assessed.”
"None of the conventional concrete placement techniques in use
today can adequately compensate for form or structure
deflections that occur during the concrete placement and, for this
reason, it is inappropriate to specify levelness tolerances on un-
shored floor construction."

21. ACI 117
"Note that ASTM E1155 excludes measurements within 2 ft. of
an imbed or a construction joint. The specifier should provide
a limitation on the variation and possible offset potential at
these locations appropriate to the use and function of the
structure."

22. ACI 117
“neither deflection nor curling will significantly change a
floor's FF value, there is no time limit on the measurement of
this characteristic...the prudent specifier will provide for the
measurement of both FF and FL as soon as possible after slab
installation to avoid any possible conflict over the acceptability
of the floor (and to alert the contractor of the need to modify
finishing techniques on subsequent placements if necessary to
achieve compliance.)"

23. F-number Gap under an unleveled 10-ft
straightedge
FF 12 1/2 inch gap
FF 20 5/16 inch gap
FF 25 1/4 inch gap
FF 32 3/16 inch gap
FF 50 1/8 inch gap
ACI 117

24. ACI

25. •The difficulty in testing large areas of floors.
•The difficulty of randomly sampling floors.
•The inability to reproduce testing results.
•The inability using normal construction procedures to meet the
tolerance limits normally specified, that is 1/8 in. in 10 ft or 1/4 in. in 10
ft, and the wide-spread lack of conformance and lack of testing for
conformance of slab surfaces.
•Failure of the method to predict acceptability of irregularities or
roughness in the floor surface. The evaluation of the roughness for a
given amplitude should be based upon the frequency of the wave forms.
•The inability of the unleveled straightedge to evaluate levelness of the
surface.
Do not use gap under a straightedge because
ACI 117

26. The unleveled straightedge measuring system is adversely
affected by shrinkage and curling; therefore, measurements
are to be taken within 72 hr after floor slab installation and
before shores and/or forms are removed.
ACI 117

27. ACI 302
8.15.1.1 F-number system:
It is recommended that both flatness and levelness requirements
be described by Face Floor Profile Numbers.
--two tiers of specified FF/FL values should be indicated: one for
the composite values to be achieved (Specified Overall Value), and
one for the minimum quality level that will be accepted without
repair (Minimum Local Value).
•Specified Overall Value
•Minimum Local Values
(67% of Overall Value but Not lower than 50%)
•Do not specify lower than 13/10
•Section boundaries column and half-column lines.

28. ACI 302
8.15 Floor flatness and levelness:
8.15.1 Floor flatness/levelness tolerances—Tolerances for
various floor uses should conform to the requirements set forth in
ACI 117.
ACI 117 specifies that overall conformance to design grade shall
be within 3/4 in. (19 mm) of design elevation. For suspended
cast-in-place concrete slabs, this tolerance is to be achieved
before removal of any supporting shores. For suspended slabs on
metal deck, this tolerance for overall conformance to design grade
does not apply, since tolerances for erected steel frames are not
consistent with those for form-work in cast-in-place concrete
frames.

29. ACI 302
Bull Float

30. ACI 302
8.15.3.2 "...FL...should only be applied to slabs on
ground that are level and to suspended slabs that are
both level and shored at the time data are taken. The FL
levelness tolerance should not apply to slabs placed on
unsupported form surfaces...cambered or inclined slab
surfaces."

31. What F-numbers to specify
ACI 302 covers this in fig. 8.15.1.1
Carpeted floor 25/20
Vinyl Tile 35/25
Warehouse conventional 35/25
Ceramic Tiles Thin-set 35/25
Ceramic Tiles 6” 40/30
Ceramic Tiles 8” 45/35
Ceramic Tiles 12” 50/50
TV Studio 100/60
VNA warehouse F-min 100

32. Specification Check-Off Sheet
1. Overall FF / FL Values
2. Minimum Local Values
3. Minimum Local Area
4. Penalty for not Achieving the Overall FF / FL Values
5. Remedy for Violating the Minimum Local Values
6. Timeliness of Measurements and Report with
Distribution
7. Proof of Achievement

33. 1. Overall FF / FL Values
When the floor(s) are completed, the FF / FL should
statistically combine to the specified overall values.
This pertains to the area of the building of a particular
use, e.g. office, warehouse, manufacturing area,
operating room, TV studio, etc.

34. 2. Minimum Local Values
Should be 2/3 of the overall value.

35. 3. Minimum Local Area
320 to 550 Sq. Ft. bound by columns
Quarter or half bays
Give references for boundary

36. 5. Remedy for Violating the Minimum Local Values
Slab on grade - Remove and replace defective
minimum local areas.
Elevated slabs - skim coat
No hand grinding!!!

37. 6. Timeliness of Measurements and Report with
Distribution
List of entities to receive the report
Distribute reports before next pour
24 hours to 72 hours

38. 7. Proof of Achievement
Instrument to use —
Accuracies of instruments reflect the end results. You
have to choose or designate which instrument is going
to be used to measure the floors FF / FL at time of
specification creation.

41. -0.1
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1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93
1990 Superflat
1991 - Six Months Later

42. WHY CHOOSE IMPACT FLOORS INDIA PVT.
LTD.?
1. IMPACT FLOORS & ALL FLAT specializes in Floor Flatness
and Floor Levelness.
2. IMPACT FLOORS & ALLFLAT provides you with
Engineering Consulting services. We assist Architects and
Engineers with writing of floor flatness and levelness
specifications.
3. IMPACT FLOORS & ALLFLAT provides on-site consulting
for the placement of floors which require specific degrees of
flatness and levelness.
4. IMPACT FLOORS & ALLFLAT provides precision on-site
testing of floor flatness and floor levelness with instant results.
5. IMPACT FLOORS & ALLFLAT also provides F-min profiling
for Superflat defined traffic warehouse floors.

43. IMPACT FLOORS INDIA PVT. LTD.
101, PARVATI INDUSTRIAL
PREMISES, SUN MILL
COMPOUND, OFF TULSI PIPE
ROAD, LOWER PAREL ( WEST ),
MUMBAI – 400 013.
TEL :- +91 22 6716 6000
EMAIL :-
INFO@IMPACTFLOORS.CO.IN