bioprocess technology deals with the culture of microbes in large scale level.online measurements helps in determining the concentration of organisms in the bioreactor. spectro photometer ,fluorescence microscopy and capacitance based biomass monitor are most common methods used inonline measurement
This document summarizes a research project on climate change mitigation and adaptation in dairy production systems in the Great Lakes region. It involves researchers from 13 institutions studying ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt dairy farming to climate change through changes to cow feeding, manure management, and crop production. They are evaluating these practices using models and field trials to identify the most effective strategies to lower emissions and increase farm profitability. A key outcome is education of students through the transformation of a Milwaukee high school into one focused on agricultural sciences.
Viral assay means determination of number of viral particles per unit volume of a sample.
Through this slide the role of redioactivity in viral assay is described.
This study evaluated the presence of pathogenic bacteria in fecal samples collected from feral pigs in five counties in Georgia. Quantitative PCR screening detected Brucella suis in 25% of samples and E. coli O157:H7 in 5.5% of samples, but did not detect Campylobacter jejuni. The majority of pigs carrying pathogens came from Morgan County. Analysis of E. coli isolates indicated feral pigs carry more virulent strains compared to cattle and farm pigs. Water samples are being tested to analyze the transport of pathogens from feral pig feces to surface waters.
4.4 - "Thermophilic anaerobic digestion for increased biogas production and p...Pomcert
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion operates at temperatures over 50°C, offering benefits over mesophilic digestion such as increased biogas production and pathogen inactivation. These higher temperatures allow for greater degradation of organic matter and reduction in sludge volumes. Several countries have implemented thermophilic digestion at wastewater treatment plants to increase capacity, comply with biosolids regulations, and boost biogas production for energy. Operational experiences indicate improved dewaterability and stability though odors may occur if sludge is not cooled before further treatment.
JBEI Research Highlights September 2016Irina Silva
1) Three studies examined protein hypersecretion in fungi, including amylase production in Aspergillus niger, cellulase secretion in Trichoderma reesei, and secretion in Neurospora crassa. Traditional and advanced genetic techniques were used to understand and improve protein production.
2) Dynamic changes in substrate reactivity and enzyme adsorption were examined during cellulose hydrolysis. Results suggested that enzyme adsorption decreased as cellulose was hydrolyzed, while synergism between enzymes varied with loading and substrate. More oligosaccharides than sugars were produced.
3) A yeast assembly method was demonstrated for efficient gene stacking in plant synthetic biology. A DNA parts library and transformation vectors were generated
bioprocess technology deals with the culture of microbes in large scale level.online measurements helps in determining the concentration of organisms in the bioreactor. spectro photometer ,fluorescence microscopy and capacitance based biomass monitor are most common methods used inonline measurement
This document summarizes a research project on climate change mitigation and adaptation in dairy production systems in the Great Lakes region. It involves researchers from 13 institutions studying ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt dairy farming to climate change through changes to cow feeding, manure management, and crop production. They are evaluating these practices using models and field trials to identify the most effective strategies to lower emissions and increase farm profitability. A key outcome is education of students through the transformation of a Milwaukee high school into one focused on agricultural sciences.
Viral assay means determination of number of viral particles per unit volume of a sample.
Through this slide the role of redioactivity in viral assay is described.
This study evaluated the presence of pathogenic bacteria in fecal samples collected from feral pigs in five counties in Georgia. Quantitative PCR screening detected Brucella suis in 25% of samples and E. coli O157:H7 in 5.5% of samples, but did not detect Campylobacter jejuni. The majority of pigs carrying pathogens came from Morgan County. Analysis of E. coli isolates indicated feral pigs carry more virulent strains compared to cattle and farm pigs. Water samples are being tested to analyze the transport of pathogens from feral pig feces to surface waters.
4.4 - "Thermophilic anaerobic digestion for increased biogas production and p...Pomcert
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion operates at temperatures over 50°C, offering benefits over mesophilic digestion such as increased biogas production and pathogen inactivation. These higher temperatures allow for greater degradation of organic matter and reduction in sludge volumes. Several countries have implemented thermophilic digestion at wastewater treatment plants to increase capacity, comply with biosolids regulations, and boost biogas production for energy. Operational experiences indicate improved dewaterability and stability though odors may occur if sludge is not cooled before further treatment.
JBEI Research Highlights September 2016Irina Silva
1) Three studies examined protein hypersecretion in fungi, including amylase production in Aspergillus niger, cellulase secretion in Trichoderma reesei, and secretion in Neurospora crassa. Traditional and advanced genetic techniques were used to understand and improve protein production.
2) Dynamic changes in substrate reactivity and enzyme adsorption were examined during cellulose hydrolysis. Results suggested that enzyme adsorption decreased as cellulose was hydrolyzed, while synergism between enzymes varied with loading and substrate. More oligosaccharides than sugars were produced.
3) A yeast assembly method was demonstrated for efficient gene stacking in plant synthetic biology. A DNA parts library and transformation vectors were generated
This document summarizes four research articles from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research.
The first article compares pretreatment processes using two ionic liquids to pretreat aspen and maple biomass for biofuel production. It finds one ionic liquid increased crystallinity while the other reduced it.
The second isolates five new Pseudomonas strains from soil that can metabolize pentose sugars, with genomes sequenced. This expands options for converting biomass into fuels and chemicals.
The third engineers poplar trees to produce less lignin using a bacterial enzyme, making the biomass easier to break down into sugars for biofuels. It reduces lignin by up to 30% while incorporating cleavable bonds into the lignin.
This document summarizes three papers related to engineering plant metabolism and microbial physiology.
The first paper describes engineering the brassinin biosynthetic pathway in plants to produce novel antifungal compounds called crucifalexins. Two of the new compounds showed stronger antifungal activity than brassinin.
The second paper discusses using solid-state NMR to characterize the native architecture of plant cell walls without disruption. This provides information to engineer bioenergy crops.
The third paper combines mechanistic and machine learning models to predictively engineer and optimize tryptophan metabolism in microbes. This approach increased tryptophan titer and productivity by up to 74% and 43% compared to an improved reference strain.
The document describes three studies related to biological and environmental research enabled by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER):
1. A study tested switchgrass plants engineered to reduce recalcitrance in multi-year field trials. The engineered plants showed reduced recalcitrance but to a smaller degree than greenhouse studies. Plants expressing QsuB showed a 16% increased yield over three years.
2. A new suite of expression plasmids called pGinger was developed that will enable precise constitutive and inducible gene expression in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria.
3. A study integrated unnatural carbene reactions into biosynthesis by expressing genes for substrate biosynthesis and an engineered enzyme in E. coli
This document summarizes a study that developed an optimized process for the sustainable bioproduction of the blue pigment indigoidine by the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Key findings include:
- R. toruloides was engineered to produce indigoidine, achieving a high titer of 85 g/L from glucose and demonstrating production from renewable carbon sources like sorghum hydrolysates.
- This represents the first heterologous production of a non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) in R. toruloides, extending the range of microbial hosts that can produce NRPs sustainably.
- Production of indigoidine demonstrates an alternative biobased route
The document describes three studies related to biofuels and bioproducts:
1) A study characterized a novel lactam biosensor from Pseudomonas putida with unprecedented sensitivity for valerolactam and caprolactam. Through engineering, they developed biosensors with a wide dynamic range.
2) A study used quantum calculations and simulations to understand how Keggin-type polyoxometalate ionic liquids dissolve lignin. Calculations showed interactions between the ionic liquid and lignin model compound.
3) A study determined the mechanism of regioselectivity in an unusual bacterial acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, TcsD, which catalyzes terminal alkene formation. Struct
The document describes the development of a high throughput platform for screening glycoside hydrolase enzymes based on oxime-NIMS. Key points:
1) JBEI developed an approach integrating oxime chemistries, acoustic printing and nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (Oxime-NIMS) to quantitatively analyze glycan products of GH reactions, including with complex biomass substrates.
2) They defined a standard panel of 12 substrates spanning plant cell wall linkages.
3) The platform was automated and tested by studying cellulases and their synergistic combinations across reaction conditions - generating datasets to enable enzyme cocktail design.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of biochar amendment on soil microbial communities, greenhouse gas fluxes, and crop yields. Random matrix theory-based network analysis revealed that biochar treatment resulted in a more complex and resilient microbial community network compared to the no biochar treatment. Crop yields tended to increase for the Napier biograss but not for corn. Greenhouse gas flux data and further microbial analyses are still underway. The long term goals are to improve agricultural sustainability through biochar amendment and understand the underlying microbial processes influencing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration.
This study developed genetic tools for the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus, including a transformation system, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and sexual crossing protocol. The transformation system was used to overexpress a transcriptional regulator of xylanase, increasing xylanase activity by up to 500%. CRISPR/Cas9 was shown to successfully delete a target gene with 10-35% efficiency. A sexual crossing protocol allowed crossing and isolation of progeny within a week, enabling strain engineering in this industrially relevant fungus. These tools open new possibilities for engineering thermostable enzyme production in T. aurantiacus.
Recent advances in technoeconomic analysis (TEA) were reviewed:
- TEA is useful for process design, cost estimation, and identifying bottlenecks early in research.
- Studies now enable faster iteration, robust uncertainty analysis, and open-source platforms.
- Trends include more expansive system boundaries and potential integration with high-throughput experiments.
Optimization of biogas yield by optimizing the relative composition of each s...Mohammadali Mozafarian
The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is a consolidated industrial approach to produce biogas from organic matrices. AD process can be performed either by using mono substrate digestion or co-digestion of different substrates. The latter strategy has some advantages over the mono substrate AD process, including macro/micro nutrition balance. However, the feedstock mixture generally affects the biogas production. Thus, preliminary tests dedicated to determine the best relative substrate amounts are
typically carried out.
The present study was performed to evaluate the employment of statistical approach to set up such preliminary tests. The design of experiment, response surface methodology (RSM) and specifically mixture design were used to define the experiments, whose aim was optimizing a response variable (biomethane production) related to the co-digestion of grape pomace, olive mill wastewater, and corn stover.
The design points were set up according to the augmented simplex centroid design on the vertices, edges, and interior of the triangle representing the pure, binary and mixture of the three substrates, respectively. The batch assays were performed in triplicate under a thermophilic condition at 50?C using a methanogenic inoculum and the experiment lasted 76 days. The analysis was performed three times per week in order to measure the produced biogas. A statistically significant polynomial model was developed according to the experimental results obtained from the design points and the optimization was performed considering the obtained model.Finally, the obtained optimal point suggested being consistent with the experimental results, which proved the significance of the method and final model.
An automated workflow to screen alkene reductases using high-throughput thin layer chromatography
1) Researchers developed an automated 96-well screening platform using thin layer chromatography (TLC) to monitor the in vitro activity of an enzyme called geranylgeranyl reductase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. 2) The platform uses TLC to separate enzyme variants with unique product distributions or enhanced reductase activity. 3) Testing this workflow on a library of enzyme mutants, researchers could distinguish 4-fold differences in enzyme activity for some mutants and validated results with another method.
This study optimized terpene production in the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides by engineering enzymes in the mevalonate pathway. Multi-omic analysis of bisabolene-producing strains identified specific enzymes for optimization, including HMG-CoA reductase and mevalonate kinases. Optimization of these enzymes for two terpenes, 1,8-cineole and bisabolene, improved titers to 1.4 g/L and 2.6 g/L respectively. The study demonstrates improving terpene production from lignocellulosic biomass in R. toruloides, an efficient host for converting renewable carbon sources.
This document describes a method for analyzing 375 organic contaminants including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fruits and vegetables using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and cleaned up using dispersive solid phase extraction. The method was validated and achieved limits of quantification below 10 μg/L for most compounds. Recoveries from 70-110% and precision below 20% indicated the method was satisfactory. A semi-quantitative approach was also developed utilizing calibration curves, and provided accurate quantification of incurred samples within ±10% of direct quantification values.
JBEI Research Highlights - October 2021SaraHarmon4
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the potential for nutrient recovery from wet organic waste processing facilities in California to offset synthetic fertilizer demand. The study found that recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from organic waste streams through anaerobic digestion and separation techniques could meet 11% of the state's nitrogen and 29% of phosphorus fertilizer needs. Recovered nutrients would be in the form of liquid fertilizer, struvite, and compost. The approach provides a foundation for analyzing national-level nutrient flows and recovery potentials from bioenergy production.
The document describes the development of a novel yeast-based platform for biosynthesis of bacterial aromatic polyketide compounds. Researchers combined a plant-derived polyketide synthase with bacterial polyketide synthase genes integrated into yeast using CRISPR/Cas9. This allowed the yeast to produce bacterial polyketide metabolites, demonstrating for the first time bacterial aromatic polyketide biosynthesis in a eukaryotic host. The platform was optimized to produce the bacterial compound DHK and was shown to be programmable by replacing enzymes to yield different products.
This document summarizes a study that developed an automated sample preparation workflow for high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis of microbes. Key points:
- An integrated automation platform was developed to support automated sample preparation from cell pellets to tryptic digestion for 96 samples in 2 hours or 384 samples simultaneously.
- The automated workflow was tested on two bacteria and two fungi species and achieved high reproducibility while significantly reducing labor compared to manual methods.
- The automated workflow was shown to be an effective method for high-throughput quantitative microbial proteomics through mass spectrometry.
The document describes a study that used the DAYCENT model with site-specific environmental data to simulate sorghum biomass yield, soil organic carbon, and nitrous oxide emissions across cultivated lands in the continental United States. The results suggest over 10 million hectares in the Southern and Lower Midwestern US could produce over 10 megagrams per hectare per year of biomass sorghum with net carbon sequestration under rainfed conditions. The methodology developed provides an opportunity to explore other bioenergy crops, and the high resolution spatially explicit results are critical inputs for life-cycle assessments and climate change mitigation strategies.
This study analyzed changes in the bacterial and fungal microbiome of soil samples treated with biosolarization, which uses solar heating and organic amendments. Sequencing analysis found that biosolarization had a stronger impact on the relative abundance of bacterial phyla than fungi. Network analysis identified microbial clusters correlated with volatile fatty acid accumulation, suggesting genera like Clostridium, Weissella and Acetobacter can tolerate and potentially produce these compounds. The results provide insight into structural changes in the soil microbiome during biosolarization as related to volatile fatty acid levels.
Biogas Production Enhancement from Mixed Animal Wastes at Mesophilic Anaerobi...IJERA Editor
In this work, the effect of mixing ratio of cattle dung (CD) and poultry droppings (PD) on biogas generation was
determined. Mixtures of various CD: PD ratios (100% : 0%; 50% : 50%; 60% : 40%; 80% : 20% and 0% :
100%) were prepared, analyzed and then aerobically digested for a period of 40 days. For each mixture,
fermentation was carried out in a 20 L capacity digester. Results showed that biogas was obtained from the
digestion of CD and PD alone, showing the biogas from CD was several times larger than that from PD.
Furthermore, the resulted biogas yields from mixtures were found a function of the CD : PD ratio, the yield from
the ratio 80 : 20 was the maximum. Biogas yields from the prepared mixtures were found and arranged from
larger to lower in the form of (CD : PD) ratios as follow: 80% : 20%; 100% : 0.0%; 60% : 40%; 0.0% :
100%;50% : 50%. Addition of CD to PD enhances the PD production of biogas, while addition of a small
portion of PD to CD gave the maximum yield, a result not determined in literature. In other hand, larger
additions of PD to CD reduced the biogas yield. The effect of pH was also determined and found better around
7.0. These results are in agreement with research work in literature.
The document discusses various approaches for optimizing biorefinery processes, including:
1) A forward-backward approach that uses forward branching to generate process pathways and backward branching to intercept and match feedstocks and products.
2) Superstructure optimization techniques that postulate all possible process routes and use mathematical programming to identify the optimal configuration.
3) Methods have been applied to optimize microalgae-based biorefineries, biodiesel production from wastewater, and bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse.
This document summarizes four research articles from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research.
The first article compares pretreatment processes using two ionic liquids to pretreat aspen and maple biomass for biofuel production. It finds one ionic liquid increased crystallinity while the other reduced it.
The second isolates five new Pseudomonas strains from soil that can metabolize pentose sugars, with genomes sequenced. This expands options for converting biomass into fuels and chemicals.
The third engineers poplar trees to produce less lignin using a bacterial enzyme, making the biomass easier to break down into sugars for biofuels. It reduces lignin by up to 30% while incorporating cleavable bonds into the lignin.
This document summarizes three papers related to engineering plant metabolism and microbial physiology.
The first paper describes engineering the brassinin biosynthetic pathway in plants to produce novel antifungal compounds called crucifalexins. Two of the new compounds showed stronger antifungal activity than brassinin.
The second paper discusses using solid-state NMR to characterize the native architecture of plant cell walls without disruption. This provides information to engineer bioenergy crops.
The third paper combines mechanistic and machine learning models to predictively engineer and optimize tryptophan metabolism in microbes. This approach increased tryptophan titer and productivity by up to 74% and 43% compared to an improved reference strain.
The document describes three studies related to biological and environmental research enabled by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER):
1. A study tested switchgrass plants engineered to reduce recalcitrance in multi-year field trials. The engineered plants showed reduced recalcitrance but to a smaller degree than greenhouse studies. Plants expressing QsuB showed a 16% increased yield over three years.
2. A new suite of expression plasmids called pGinger was developed that will enable precise constitutive and inducible gene expression in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria.
3. A study integrated unnatural carbene reactions into biosynthesis by expressing genes for substrate biosynthesis and an engineered enzyme in E. coli
This document summarizes a study that developed an optimized process for the sustainable bioproduction of the blue pigment indigoidine by the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Key findings include:
- R. toruloides was engineered to produce indigoidine, achieving a high titer of 85 g/L from glucose and demonstrating production from renewable carbon sources like sorghum hydrolysates.
- This represents the first heterologous production of a non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) in R. toruloides, extending the range of microbial hosts that can produce NRPs sustainably.
- Production of indigoidine demonstrates an alternative biobased route
The document describes three studies related to biofuels and bioproducts:
1) A study characterized a novel lactam biosensor from Pseudomonas putida with unprecedented sensitivity for valerolactam and caprolactam. Through engineering, they developed biosensors with a wide dynamic range.
2) A study used quantum calculations and simulations to understand how Keggin-type polyoxometalate ionic liquids dissolve lignin. Calculations showed interactions between the ionic liquid and lignin model compound.
3) A study determined the mechanism of regioselectivity in an unusual bacterial acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, TcsD, which catalyzes terminal alkene formation. Struct
The document describes the development of a high throughput platform for screening glycoside hydrolase enzymes based on oxime-NIMS. Key points:
1) JBEI developed an approach integrating oxime chemistries, acoustic printing and nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (Oxime-NIMS) to quantitatively analyze glycan products of GH reactions, including with complex biomass substrates.
2) They defined a standard panel of 12 substrates spanning plant cell wall linkages.
3) The platform was automated and tested by studying cellulases and their synergistic combinations across reaction conditions - generating datasets to enable enzyme cocktail design.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of biochar amendment on soil microbial communities, greenhouse gas fluxes, and crop yields. Random matrix theory-based network analysis revealed that biochar treatment resulted in a more complex and resilient microbial community network compared to the no biochar treatment. Crop yields tended to increase for the Napier biograss but not for corn. Greenhouse gas flux data and further microbial analyses are still underway. The long term goals are to improve agricultural sustainability through biochar amendment and understand the underlying microbial processes influencing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration.
This study developed genetic tools for the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus, including a transformation system, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and sexual crossing protocol. The transformation system was used to overexpress a transcriptional regulator of xylanase, increasing xylanase activity by up to 500%. CRISPR/Cas9 was shown to successfully delete a target gene with 10-35% efficiency. A sexual crossing protocol allowed crossing and isolation of progeny within a week, enabling strain engineering in this industrially relevant fungus. These tools open new possibilities for engineering thermostable enzyme production in T. aurantiacus.
Recent advances in technoeconomic analysis (TEA) were reviewed:
- TEA is useful for process design, cost estimation, and identifying bottlenecks early in research.
- Studies now enable faster iteration, robust uncertainty analysis, and open-source platforms.
- Trends include more expansive system boundaries and potential integration with high-throughput experiments.
Optimization of biogas yield by optimizing the relative composition of each s...Mohammadali Mozafarian
The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is a consolidated industrial approach to produce biogas from organic matrices. AD process can be performed either by using mono substrate digestion or co-digestion of different substrates. The latter strategy has some advantages over the mono substrate AD process, including macro/micro nutrition balance. However, the feedstock mixture generally affects the biogas production. Thus, preliminary tests dedicated to determine the best relative substrate amounts are
typically carried out.
The present study was performed to evaluate the employment of statistical approach to set up such preliminary tests. The design of experiment, response surface methodology (RSM) and specifically mixture design were used to define the experiments, whose aim was optimizing a response variable (biomethane production) related to the co-digestion of grape pomace, olive mill wastewater, and corn stover.
The design points were set up according to the augmented simplex centroid design on the vertices, edges, and interior of the triangle representing the pure, binary and mixture of the three substrates, respectively. The batch assays were performed in triplicate under a thermophilic condition at 50?C using a methanogenic inoculum and the experiment lasted 76 days. The analysis was performed three times per week in order to measure the produced biogas. A statistically significant polynomial model was developed according to the experimental results obtained from the design points and the optimization was performed considering the obtained model.Finally, the obtained optimal point suggested being consistent with the experimental results, which proved the significance of the method and final model.
An automated workflow to screen alkene reductases using high-throughput thin layer chromatography
1) Researchers developed an automated 96-well screening platform using thin layer chromatography (TLC) to monitor the in vitro activity of an enzyme called geranylgeranyl reductase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. 2) The platform uses TLC to separate enzyme variants with unique product distributions or enhanced reductase activity. 3) Testing this workflow on a library of enzyme mutants, researchers could distinguish 4-fold differences in enzyme activity for some mutants and validated results with another method.
This study optimized terpene production in the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides by engineering enzymes in the mevalonate pathway. Multi-omic analysis of bisabolene-producing strains identified specific enzymes for optimization, including HMG-CoA reductase and mevalonate kinases. Optimization of these enzymes for two terpenes, 1,8-cineole and bisabolene, improved titers to 1.4 g/L and 2.6 g/L respectively. The study demonstrates improving terpene production from lignocellulosic biomass in R. toruloides, an efficient host for converting renewable carbon sources.
This document describes a method for analyzing 375 organic contaminants including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fruits and vegetables using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and cleaned up using dispersive solid phase extraction. The method was validated and achieved limits of quantification below 10 μg/L for most compounds. Recoveries from 70-110% and precision below 20% indicated the method was satisfactory. A semi-quantitative approach was also developed utilizing calibration curves, and provided accurate quantification of incurred samples within ±10% of direct quantification values.
JBEI Research Highlights - October 2021SaraHarmon4
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the potential for nutrient recovery from wet organic waste processing facilities in California to offset synthetic fertilizer demand. The study found that recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from organic waste streams through anaerobic digestion and separation techniques could meet 11% of the state's nitrogen and 29% of phosphorus fertilizer needs. Recovered nutrients would be in the form of liquid fertilizer, struvite, and compost. The approach provides a foundation for analyzing national-level nutrient flows and recovery potentials from bioenergy production.
The document describes the development of a novel yeast-based platform for biosynthesis of bacterial aromatic polyketide compounds. Researchers combined a plant-derived polyketide synthase with bacterial polyketide synthase genes integrated into yeast using CRISPR/Cas9. This allowed the yeast to produce bacterial polyketide metabolites, demonstrating for the first time bacterial aromatic polyketide biosynthesis in a eukaryotic host. The platform was optimized to produce the bacterial compound DHK and was shown to be programmable by replacing enzymes to yield different products.
This document summarizes a study that developed an automated sample preparation workflow for high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis of microbes. Key points:
- An integrated automation platform was developed to support automated sample preparation from cell pellets to tryptic digestion for 96 samples in 2 hours or 384 samples simultaneously.
- The automated workflow was tested on two bacteria and two fungi species and achieved high reproducibility while significantly reducing labor compared to manual methods.
- The automated workflow was shown to be an effective method for high-throughput quantitative microbial proteomics through mass spectrometry.
The document describes a study that used the DAYCENT model with site-specific environmental data to simulate sorghum biomass yield, soil organic carbon, and nitrous oxide emissions across cultivated lands in the continental United States. The results suggest over 10 million hectares in the Southern and Lower Midwestern US could produce over 10 megagrams per hectare per year of biomass sorghum with net carbon sequestration under rainfed conditions. The methodology developed provides an opportunity to explore other bioenergy crops, and the high resolution spatially explicit results are critical inputs for life-cycle assessments and climate change mitigation strategies.
This study analyzed changes in the bacterial and fungal microbiome of soil samples treated with biosolarization, which uses solar heating and organic amendments. Sequencing analysis found that biosolarization had a stronger impact on the relative abundance of bacterial phyla than fungi. Network analysis identified microbial clusters correlated with volatile fatty acid accumulation, suggesting genera like Clostridium, Weissella and Acetobacter can tolerate and potentially produce these compounds. The results provide insight into structural changes in the soil microbiome during biosolarization as related to volatile fatty acid levels.
Biogas Production Enhancement from Mixed Animal Wastes at Mesophilic Anaerobi...IJERA Editor
In this work, the effect of mixing ratio of cattle dung (CD) and poultry droppings (PD) on biogas generation was
determined. Mixtures of various CD: PD ratios (100% : 0%; 50% : 50%; 60% : 40%; 80% : 20% and 0% :
100%) were prepared, analyzed and then aerobically digested for a period of 40 days. For each mixture,
fermentation was carried out in a 20 L capacity digester. Results showed that biogas was obtained from the
digestion of CD and PD alone, showing the biogas from CD was several times larger than that from PD.
Furthermore, the resulted biogas yields from mixtures were found a function of the CD : PD ratio, the yield from
the ratio 80 : 20 was the maximum. Biogas yields from the prepared mixtures were found and arranged from
larger to lower in the form of (CD : PD) ratios as follow: 80% : 20%; 100% : 0.0%; 60% : 40%; 0.0% :
100%;50% : 50%. Addition of CD to PD enhances the PD production of biogas, while addition of a small
portion of PD to CD gave the maximum yield, a result not determined in literature. In other hand, larger
additions of PD to CD reduced the biogas yield. The effect of pH was also determined and found better around
7.0. These results are in agreement with research work in literature.
The document discusses various approaches for optimizing biorefinery processes, including:
1) A forward-backward approach that uses forward branching to generate process pathways and backward branching to intercept and match feedstocks and products.
2) Superstructure optimization techniques that postulate all possible process routes and use mathematical programming to identify the optimal configuration.
3) Methods have been applied to optimize microalgae-based biorefineries, biodiesel production from wastewater, and bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse.
Similar to Flexigas Symposium 2013 - Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection - Gert Hofstede (20)
The document discusses biogas upgrading using membrane separation technology. It describes DMT's Carborex-MS system which uses highly selective gas separation membranes for next generation biogas upgrading. The system allows for upgrading of biogas to natural gas quality in a modular, compact and flexible way, making it well-suited for small-scale biogas sites. Pilot testing of the technology at various sites has shown it to achieve high methane recovery rates with low methane slip and good process stability compared to alternative technologies such as pressure swing adsorption or water scrubbing.
Flexigas symposium 16-4-2012 - High selective membranes - Robert LemsFlexigas
This document discusses the future of small scale biogas upgrading using membrane separation technology. Membrane separation is well-suited for small scale upgrading due to its compact size, simple on/off operation, low cost, flexibility, and high uptime with only biannual human interaction needed. New high selective membrane materials can further reduce methane slip to below 1% while achieving over 98% energy efficiency. DMT has developed a small containerized membrane upgrading system called Carborex MS that is low in capital and operating costs and well-suited for remote transportation of biogas or upgraded biomethane through a "virtual pipeline" system.
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
buy old yahoo accounts buy yahoo accountsSusan Laney
As a business owner, I understand the importance of having a strong online presence and leveraging various digital platforms to reach and engage with your target audience. One often overlooked yet highly valuable asset in this regard is the humble Yahoo account. While many may perceive Yahoo as a relic of the past, the truth is that these accounts still hold immense potential for businesses of all sizes.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
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Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
The Evolution and Impact of OTT Platforms: A Deep Dive into the Future of Ent...ABHILASH DUTTA
This presentation provides a thorough examination of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms, focusing on their development and substantial influence on the entertainment industry, with a particular emphasis on the Indian market.We begin with an introduction to OTT platforms, defining them as streaming services that deliver content directly over the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast channels. These platforms offer a variety of content, including movies, TV shows, and original productions, allowing users to access content on-demand across multiple devices.The historical context covers the early days of streaming, starting with Netflix's inception in 1997 as a DVD rental service and its transition to streaming in 2007. The presentation also highlights India's television journey, from the launch of Doordarshan in 1959 to the introduction of Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television in 2000, which expanded viewing choices and set the stage for the rise of OTT platforms like Big Flix, Ditto TV, Sony LIV, Hotstar, and Netflix. The business models of OTT platforms are explored in detail. Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) models, exemplified by Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, offer unlimited content access for a monthly fee. Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) models, like iTunes and Sky Box Office, allow users to pay for individual pieces of content. Advertising-Based Video on Demand (AVOD) models, such as YouTube and Facebook Watch, provide free content supported by advertisements. Hybrid models combine elements of SVOD and AVOD, offering flexibility to cater to diverse audience preferences.
Content acquisition strategies are also discussed, highlighting the dual approach of purchasing broadcasting rights for existing films and TV shows and investing in original content production. This section underscores the importance of a robust content library in attracting and retaining subscribers.The presentation addresses the challenges faced by OTT platforms, including the unpredictability of content acquisition and audience preferences. It emphasizes the difficulty of balancing content investment with returns in a competitive market, the high costs associated with marketing, and the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to stay relevant.
The impact of OTT platforms on the Bollywood film industry is significant. The competition for viewers has led to a decrease in cinema ticket sales, affecting the revenue of Bollywood films that traditionally rely on theatrical releases. Additionally, OTT platforms now pay less for film rights due to the uncertain success of films in cinemas.
Looking ahead, the future of OTT in India appears promising. The market is expected to grow by 20% annually, reaching a value of ₹1200 billion by the end of the decade. The increasing availability of affordable smartphones and internet access will drive this growth, making OTT platforms a primary source of entertainment for many viewers.
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Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
Flexigas Symposium 2013 - Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection - Gert Hofstede
1. Parameters of biogas production:
the microbial connection
Gert J.H.Hofstede, Expertise Centre ALIFE, Institute for Life Sciences and Technology,
HanzeUniversity of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
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3. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
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Dr. Ir. Jan Peter Nap
(lector)
Dr. Folkert Faber
(senior lecturer)
Brian Wouterse
(trainee)
4. Parameters of biogas production:
the microbial connection
In the Netherlands:
About ~180 biogas installations.
In these installations manure and residual
materials are (co-)digested.
0,5 billion (=109) m3 biogas is produced
Green electricity can be generated.
Current situation:
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5. Parameters of biogas production:
the microbial connection
Current situation:
Relatively limited knowledge on the complex
community of microorganisms
The economy of biogas plants does not allow
failure (cleaning and restarting)
Fairly conservative enterprise
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6. Parameters of biogas production:
the microbial connection
Why this research ?
The use of defined digestate of microorganisms
targeted towards the feedstock might speed up
biogas production.
Opening the microbial black box is supposed to
increase biogas yield and the overall process
efficiency.
The overall objective of this research is to describe
the microbial community that participates in the AD
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7. Parameters of biogas production:
the microbial connection
Have different biomasses distinct biomethane
potentials?
Are different methanogenic communities,
responsible for biogas production?
Is the methanogenic community influenced by
different environments and different process
parameters?
Research question
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8. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Experimental tools
Automatic Methane Potential Test System
(AMPTSII) batch
2 Labscale bioreactor (10 l, Infors)
continuous
Molecular techniques (qPCR )
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9. Parameters of biogas production: the
microbial connection
AMPTSII, bioprocescontrol
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10. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
AMPTSII-experiments:
Reproducibility
3 different digestates
2 types of biomass
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11. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
General setup: 15 bottles, 1 type of biomass
(maize), 1 type of digestate (Proces B.V) ,
30 days
Digestate to biomass ratio of 1:1 (based on
% Organic Dry Matter [ODM]) was used.
General set up of
AMPTSII assays
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12. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Conclusion
The AMPTSII yields reproducible
results, both in terms of total gas
volume and in terms of methane
production
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13. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Conclusion:
No significant difference between
total biogas productions from
maize by different types of digestates
( Donderen, Lutjegast en Tolbert).
(ANOVA, one-tail, p=0.05).
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14. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Future-plans:
In future experiments, we will look the
biogas flow-rate with for example
‘biomass adapted digestates’ the
digestate (Proces B.V) was not
adapted to maize.
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16. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Biogasplants (F1 and F2)
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17. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
The overall objective of this research is to
determine the relative changes in microbial
community that participates in the anaerobic
digestion on a Labscale Infors bioreactor
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18. Parameters of biogas production: the
microbial connection
Methanogens, the biological generators of methane
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19. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
FastRNA® SPIN KIT for SOIL
Total DNA and RNA isolation
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20. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Primer combinations used in this study
for monitoring the population
dynamics of methanogens in biogas
plants
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21. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
This study revealed the limitation of the qPCR
due to the primers. in silico by the RDP-site
Experimental circumstances probably
influence the ‘reference’ Archaea population
Conclusion/discussion
Commonly used primers in literature should
be reconsidered in the light of expanding data
in RDP
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22. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Since available primers may not be applicable
to all samples,there is a requirement to design
more primers to ensure adequate coverage
and amplification of methanogens.
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Conclusion/discussion
23. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Therefore, we also look to at another
approach: mRNA of (key-) enzymes that play a
role in the methanogenesis :
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Together with Marina Gil Lopez from the
Universitat de Barcelona we did the first
experiments on RNA
24. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
Identification of Enzymes Involved in synthesis
of biogas
The challenge is to find (key-)enzymes that
can be linked to (specific methanogenic)
micro-organisms.
as key enzymes can be linked to micro-
organisms, relative amounts of micro organisms
can be calculated.
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25. Parameters of biogas production: the microbial connection
The future for me? I will end up with a
bucket full of digestate (or micro-
organisms) optimized for every biomass.
That is applied science in my opinion
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