This document discusses open source software and hardware, pervasive computing, and the latest developments in information and communication technology. It defines open source software and provides examples of open source operating systems like Kubuntu Linux and Fedora Linux. It also discusses open source application software such as OpenOffice and SquirrelMail. The document outlines the latest Lexmark printers and Adobe Photoshop versions. It defines pervasive computing and provides examples like smartphones and PDAs. In conclusion, it states that open source can be used and changed freely, and that pervasive computing aims to make interaction with computers easier.

1. The latest Open Source Software Available and
the Latest Development in ICT
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Class :
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1.0 Introduction
Meaning of Open Source Software (OSS)

2. Open source software (OSS) is defined as computer software for which the source code
and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a
software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain.
This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in
modified or unmodified forms.
Meaning of Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements
that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware
refers to the physical parts or components of a computer
such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data
storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards,
sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of
which are physical objects that can be touched. In
contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run
by hardware.
Meaning of Software
Software consists of carefully-organized instructions and
code written by programmers in any of various special
computer languages. Software is divided commonly into
two main categories:
1. System software: controls the basic (and invisible to
the user) functions of a computer and comes usually
preinstalled with the machine.
2. Application Software : handles multitudes
of common and specialized tasks a user wants to
perform, such as data processing and word processing.
2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating
System (OS)

3. 2.1 Meaning of open source OS
General term describing the intention and attitude of the
community developed software projects. The main aim is
to allow free, unrestricted access to the source code of
programs in such a way that anyone can alter, add to, and
develop the software. Free does not necessarily mean free -
without payment - although this is often the case, but free
as in free speech.
2.2 Examples of open source OS
Kubuntu Linux
A user friendly operating system based on KDE, the K
Desktop Environment.With a predictable 6 month release
cycle and part of the Ubuntu project, Kubuntu is the
GNU/Linux distribution for everyone. Improved desktop,
updated applications and increased usability features are
just a few of the surprises with this latest release.
Fedora Linux
A Linux-based operating system that showcases the latest
in free and open source software. Fedora is always free for
anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It is built by people
across the globe who work together as a community: the
Fedora Project. The Fedora Project is open and anyone is
welcomed to join.
3.0 The Latest Open Source Application
Software

4. 3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application
Software
Open Source Application Software (also called as end-user
programs) includes database programs, word processors,
and spreadsheets. It is free to use, change, and improve the
software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified
forms.
3.2 Examples of Open Source Application
Software
Open Office
An office application set (for word processing, spreadsheet
manipulation, picture drawing and data base access)
compatible with all other major office application sets such
as Office and available for Windows and Mac as well as
Linux and other UNIX systems.
Squirrel Mail
An email application (for reading and writing email
through a web client program) supporting IMAP and SMTP
and available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux and
other UNIX systems.
4.0 The Latest Development in ICT

5. 4.1 Hardware (Lexmark X8350 and Lexmark
X9575 Professional)
Lexmark X8350
Is a printer that can prints up to 19 ppm colour and up to 25 ppm black. This printer also
can print, copy, scan, fax, reduce and enlarge photos and documents. The exclusive
Lexmark Photo Editor Software enhances photos. Beside that, this printer also can fax
with 89 speed dials and 10 groups with 30 numbers per group, 5 quick dial buttons,
Caller ID and distinctive ring detection. Users also can adjust ringer volume, call waiting
disable capability, automatic redial, confirmation, error and activity reports, broadcast
transmission and delayed transmission, junk fax block, auto Answer Button and scan
before dial.
Lexmark X9575 Professional
Let users gain freedom and flexibility with built-in 802.11g wireless technology.
Compatible with Wi-Fi certified IEEE802.11g/b/n. High quality printing from virtually
anywhere over a secure wireless network. Share the Lexmark X9575 among multiple
computers. In addition, users can fax up to 50-pages capacity Auto Document Feeder
(ADF) for multiple page faxing and copying. Standalone black and color faxing with 33.6
Kbps modem speed 99-speed dials, automatic redial, supports caller ID and up to 100-
page fax memory. User also can view and edit photos as large as 2.4" (6 cm) color
display, print directly from digital memory card.
4.2 Software (Adobe Photoshop CS5 and CS6)

6. Photoshop CS5 was launched on 12 April 2010. In a video posted on its
official Facebook page, the development team revealed the new technologies under
development, including three-dimensional brushes and warping tools
CS5 introduces new tools such as the Content-Aware Fill, Refine Edge, Mixer Brush,
Bristle Tips and Puppet Warp.]
The community also had a hand in the additions made to
CS5 as 30 new features and improvements were included by request. These include
automatic image straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping tool, color pickup, and
saving a 16-bit image as a JPEG. Another feature includes the Adobe Mini Bridge, which
allows for efficient file browsing and management.
Photoshop CS6 released in May 2012, added new creative design tools and provided a
redesigned interface with a focus on enhanced performance. New features have been
added to the Content-Aware tool such as the Content-Aware Patch and Content-Aware
Move.
Adobe Photoshop CS6 brought a suite of tools for video editing. Color and exposure
adjustments, as well as layers, are among a few things that are featured in this new editor.
Upon completion of editing, the user is presented with a handful of options of exporting
into a few popular formats.
CS6 brings the "straighten" tool to Photoshop, where a user simply draws a line
anywhere on an image, and the canvas will reorient itself so that the line drawn becomes
horizontal, and adjusts the media accordingly. This was created with the intention that
users will draw a line parallel to a plane in the image, and reorient the image to that plane
to more easily achieve certain perspectives.
5.0 Pervasive Computing
5.1 Meaning

7. The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to every day devices
with embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively
smaller and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing is
the result of computer technology advancing at exponential speeds - a trend toward all
man-made and some natural products having hardware and software. Pervasive
computing goes beyond the realm of personal computers. It is the idea that almost any
device, from clothing to tools to appliances to cars to homes to the human body to your
coffee mug, can be imbedded with chips to connect the device to an infinite network of
other devices. The goal of pervasive computing, which combines current network
technologies with wireless computing, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial
intelligence, is to create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in
such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
5.2 Examples
Smartphone
A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PC-like
functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone. For some, a
smartphone is a phone that runs complete operating system software providing a
standardized interface and platform for application developers.
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer, also known as a palmtop
computer. Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio capabilities, enabling
them to be used as mobile phones, web browsers, or portable media players. Many PDAs
can access the Internet via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWANs).Many
PDAs employ touch screen technology.
6.0 Conclusion

8. Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no
copyright claims, so users are free to use, change, and
improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or
unmodified forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our
lives easier because we can interact with computers.
Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands
and the computer will grant your wish.
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source