This document discusses 5 upcoming trends in cardiovascular research: 1) recognizing pleiotropic drug effects, 2) initiating personalized/precision medicine, 3) investigating the effects of epigenetic and miRNA antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics, 4) developing innovative trial methods for innovative interventions, and 5) increasing academic, CRO, and pharma collaboration. It provides examples for each trend, such as exploring the cardiovascular effects of diabetic drugs beyond their primary targets, using gene therapy treatments in precision medicine, linking epigenetic changes like DNA methylation to increased cardiovascular disease risk, considering geographic and cultural factors in trial designs, and fostering collaboration between basic researchers, drug developers, and clinical research organizations.

1. Five Upcoming Trends Within
Cardiovascular Research

2. Over the past several years, many changes took place in the treatment of
cardiovascular (CV) disease, which resulted in marked decline in rates of
morbidity and mortality.
In this article we write about 5 emerging trends within drug research sector
are highlighted each reinforces the need for therapeutically centric,
methodologically strenuous, and highly efficient project teams for product
assessment and commercialization. These trends are:
To recognise pleiotropic drug effects
Initiation of personalized/precision medicine
Effect of epigenetic and miRNA antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics
Development of innovative trial methods for innovative Interventions;
Academic, CRO, and pharma collaboration

3. 1) CV Research in Pleiotropic Age
Drugs treating metabolic faults like dyslipidemias and type 2 diabetes mellitus
are on the current scenario of treatments which defined multiple effects
assumed under the concept of “pleiotropy”. The impact of type II diabetic
therapy on the CV system prompts concern and look after. The most recent
target is the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4).
This would support the notion that the cardiovascular effects, whether positive
or negative, might not be a class-specific phenomenon of DPP-4 inhibitors.
Further research to understand the CV effects of this diabetic drug based on
primary as well as secondary targets would lead to major progress that could
influence the management of the CV disease.

4. 2) Personalized Treatment
Personalized medicine gained success in oncology, but it faces various
challenges in CV disease where complex genetics, environment and patient
lifestyle comes together to create a unique clinical presentation for each
patient. It is more than a simple genotype, but interplay of environmental
factors with patient risk factors that directs therapeutic decisions, and hence
factors which either confound or mediate beneficial therapeutic effects.
Precision medicine like one-dose gene therapy treatments are also making
developments. Here, a vector is designed to introduce genetic material into
cells to compensate for unnatural genes or to yield a beneficial protein. The
application has been recently introduced for cardiac arrest patients have great
implication for trial design and commercial purposes.

5. 3) Epigenetics and MiRNA Antisense Oligonucleotide
Therapeutics
The amount of basic science research involving epigenetic effects on RNA
biology has expanded with knowledge of their role in progress and prevention
of disease. Scientific discoveries with epigenetic changes in DNA methylation,
histone modification, and RNA biology affects the CV system and is creating
the potential for new therapeutic avenues.
For instance, methylation status for certain genes has been found linked with
increased risk of CV disease in discrete populations, like F2RL3 in smokers,
PLA2G7 in females, and locus 9p21 within the Chinese people. Promising
antisense oligonucleotide technologies says that oligonucleotides themselves
might soon emerge in the therapeutic field.

6. 4) Innovative Trial Methods
There is an emphasis about the necessity of re-evaluating traditional trial
designs and methods of execution. Even if trials might not differ in treatment
intervention, eligibility criteria, or imaging assessments, it is commonly
observed that patient response in different geographical regions could exhibit
marked variation.
These differences exist as a reflection of differences in standards of care, and
either genotypic or phenotypic variation in patient presentation significantly
impacting inferences which are possible based upon overall statistical
analyses. The overall trial results might not generalize fully across the entire
population of patients who might ultimately be eligible for treatment.

8. 5) A natural extension of the science
Basic research, drug discovery and drug development are too often viewed as
being at different ends of a research and development process. But the fact is
that they are complementary and enmeshed. CRO serves as a mediator of the
process should exemplify an ability to manage, facilitate, and support the
interests of various stakeholders and thus transforms the way clinical research
can be conducted.
There is another benefit. Academic/industry/CRO collaborations also create a
niche for the next generation of scientists who have a pedigree in either basic
or clinical research. Strong collaboration between these unique groups, using
a common substrate of clinical trial methods as a basis for reciprocal support
is an amazing example.

9. Conclusion
We conclude the discussion here. Stay connected with us this space for more
discussions.
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