In order to improve the utilization of fishery, used as accessibility of food and exported to increase competitiveness, it is necessary to know potential of fishery in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of fishery in Indonesia based on the export intensity, output, sector concentration, labor, and the farmers exchange rate of the fishery. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative research methods with a mathematical approach. Based on potential of fishery in Indonesia, there are four province which have potential in the development of output and export intensity of fishery in Indonesia, there are: South Sulawesi, East Java, Lampung and North Sumatra Province. The provinces can be used as a pilot area development of output and export intensity of fishery in other provinces in Indonesia
The Historical Lack of Capital Accumulation in Iran's Agricultural PartIOSR Journals
The increasing amount of income due to the discovery of oil in Iran has caused a gap between the production and need of agricultural products, causing the increase in the import of agricultural products in Iran's economy. The existing gap caused a drastic increase in the prices, and since the growth of agricultural products needed Infrastructure investment, it has been tried to control the increase in the prices with an increase in the import rate. So capital accumulation has not been done to the required rate and the production in agriculture has not increased to the expected rate. The share of workers in the agricultural sector of Iran has faced a decrease since 1980. This is while in the international level, agriculture for the growth of economy, decrease of poverty, food security, and the stability of environment is of high importance. A general investment can reduce risks in the agriculture and increase efficiency in private sectors, so the motives of farmers for investment will be increased.
INDIA’S GDP IN PRE AND POST GLOBALISED ERA: AN APPRAISALIAEME Publication
The quintessence of the present study is to have an overview of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and its importance to the economy. In addition the present study also aims to highlight the India’s GDP figures since 1964, recent contribution of various sectors (i.e. agriculture, industry and services) in India’s GDP and impact of LPG (Liberalisation Privatisation Globalisation) policy on India’s GDP.
Local Economic Development through SME Development Policy Implementation (Stu...inventionjournals
This research was conducted in order to determine, describe and analyze the benefits of the implementation of the development of SMEs in Tuban and its impact on local economic development. This is because Tuban has the potential of SMEs in various sectors that still need to be developed. The method used in this study is a qualitative research through a descriptive approach to the analysis of SSM. The focus of research (1) Implementation of the policy development of SMEs in Tuban, including: local government commitment, the characteristics of the implementing agencies, as well as the type of activity and the resulting benefits. (2) the results of the development of SMEs, including: the WUB, product innovation, and the development potential of the area. (3) The influential factors include: the management system of SMEs, the character trainees, and innovation capabilities. The results showed that local governments Tuban own commitment to SMEs elicits. Department of Economy and Tourism is SKPD responsible for the development of SMEs. SME development activities already exist and is able to increase SMEs. New entrepreneurs continue to rise. Product innovation is growing. Potential areas have already begun. The quality management systems of SMEs constraint. That Trainees are less able to develop. The ability to innovate of SMEs is still low. Advice can be given referring to the results of research that has been described. Budget remains to be seen. The government should be able to hold other stakeholders. Some activities that focus on the policy needs to be given more attention. Must be created a system capable of automatically grow new entrepreneurs. Supervision on developing products that need to be considered. Keep in planning the development of the potential of using modern and environmentally friendly system. Management systems training of SMEs needs to be improved. Selection of participants to be key in training. Training provided should be able to provide the ability of SMEs to innovate.
Article 4 IMPACT OF INDIAN BANKING CRISIS IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR – WITH REFERE...Dr UMA K
UMA .K
Assistatn Professor in Commerce
Reference: UMA. K & Dr. RECHANNA (2018) “IMPACT OF INDIAN BANKING CRISIS IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR - WITH REFERENCE TO ORGANIC FARMING”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), JETIRG006025, www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162), Volume 5, Issue 10, Page No 202-213.
The Historical Lack of Capital Accumulation in Iran's Agricultural PartIOSR Journals
The increasing amount of income due to the discovery of oil in Iran has caused a gap between the production and need of agricultural products, causing the increase in the import of agricultural products in Iran's economy. The existing gap caused a drastic increase in the prices, and since the growth of agricultural products needed Infrastructure investment, it has been tried to control the increase in the prices with an increase in the import rate. So capital accumulation has not been done to the required rate and the production in agriculture has not increased to the expected rate. The share of workers in the agricultural sector of Iran has faced a decrease since 1980. This is while in the international level, agriculture for the growth of economy, decrease of poverty, food security, and the stability of environment is of high importance. A general investment can reduce risks in the agriculture and increase efficiency in private sectors, so the motives of farmers for investment will be increased.
INDIA’S GDP IN PRE AND POST GLOBALISED ERA: AN APPRAISALIAEME Publication
The quintessence of the present study is to have an overview of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and its importance to the economy. In addition the present study also aims to highlight the India’s GDP figures since 1964, recent contribution of various sectors (i.e. agriculture, industry and services) in India’s GDP and impact of LPG (Liberalisation Privatisation Globalisation) policy on India’s GDP.
Local Economic Development through SME Development Policy Implementation (Stu...inventionjournals
This research was conducted in order to determine, describe and analyze the benefits of the implementation of the development of SMEs in Tuban and its impact on local economic development. This is because Tuban has the potential of SMEs in various sectors that still need to be developed. The method used in this study is a qualitative research through a descriptive approach to the analysis of SSM. The focus of research (1) Implementation of the policy development of SMEs in Tuban, including: local government commitment, the characteristics of the implementing agencies, as well as the type of activity and the resulting benefits. (2) the results of the development of SMEs, including: the WUB, product innovation, and the development potential of the area. (3) The influential factors include: the management system of SMEs, the character trainees, and innovation capabilities. The results showed that local governments Tuban own commitment to SMEs elicits. Department of Economy and Tourism is SKPD responsible for the development of SMEs. SME development activities already exist and is able to increase SMEs. New entrepreneurs continue to rise. Product innovation is growing. Potential areas have already begun. The quality management systems of SMEs constraint. That Trainees are less able to develop. The ability to innovate of SMEs is still low. Advice can be given referring to the results of research that has been described. Budget remains to be seen. The government should be able to hold other stakeholders. Some activities that focus on the policy needs to be given more attention. Must be created a system capable of automatically grow new entrepreneurs. Supervision on developing products that need to be considered. Keep in planning the development of the potential of using modern and environmentally friendly system. Management systems training of SMEs needs to be improved. Selection of participants to be key in training. Training provided should be able to provide the ability of SMEs to innovate.
Article 4 IMPACT OF INDIAN BANKING CRISIS IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR – WITH REFERE...Dr UMA K
UMA .K
Assistatn Professor in Commerce
Reference: UMA. K & Dr. RECHANNA (2018) “IMPACT OF INDIAN BANKING CRISIS IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR - WITH REFERENCE TO ORGANIC FARMING”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), JETIRG006025, www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162), Volume 5, Issue 10, Page No 202-213.
This presentation contains the positive and negative impacts regarding corona. I made it from various resources and wanted it share it publicly, so that others can also use it.
This is an analysis of the impact of credits from formal financial institutions on the
welfare of farmers in Plateau state Nigeria. The study used survey research design and
the instrument of questionnaire to capture input variables, output data and welfare data.
Data was partly fitted into the Cobb-Douglas production function for analysis to
ascertain the impact of credit on productivity, and welfare data were analyzed through
descriptive statistics. It was found that credit available to farmers in Plateau state is
inadequate to significantly raise farm productivity and hence the welfare conditions of
farmers. It was further found that profitability, Net farm Income and welfare status of
borrowers were slightly higher than that of non-borrowers. The study therefore
recommends a renewed commitment of both government and formal financial
institutions towards improved quality and quantity of credit to farmers so as to boost
output and welfare conditions of the farmers in the state
This article focuses on small-scale food processing enterprises (SSFPEs) as one of the important
measures for national development and addressing food security challenges, particularly in Nigeria. The roles,
challenges, prospects and measures of SSFPE’s development in Nigeria were discussed. The need for food
processing following the extent of food losses and wastages in Nigeria was emphasized. Efforts made at
ensuring food security in developing countries, with particular reference to Nigeria were also discussed. The
contributions of engineering in enhancing food processing and productivity in Nigeria in the areas of
mechanization of food processing unit operations, development of new and existing technologies, design and
development of machinery and systems for processing and preservation of different agricultural produce of high
target were also discussed. This will facilitate the achievement of the technical roles of food processing. SSFPEs
play important roles in the economy of a developing country, particularly in terms of employment creation,
income generation, post-harvest losses reduction, food preservation, value addition, improvement of food safety
and nutritional quality, increase in shelf-life of a product, and act as training grounds for entrepreneurs before
they invest in large scale enterprises. SSFPEs in Nigeria are faced with significant challenges that compromise
their ability to function and to contribute optimally to the economy. Financial constraints and lack of
management skills are the major constraints, among others. The long-term effect in the economic and national
development can be achieved through the development of small-scale food processing techniques, and these
culminate to rapid food processing and industrialization. In view of this, it is recommended that governments
and non-governmental organizations should encourage and facilitate the development of SSFPEs either by
funding or regularly organizing seminars for potential small-scale food enterprises’ operators on how to plan,
organize, direct and control their businesses.
Volatility Of Global Commodity Prices – A Stakeholder Mapping AnalysisSteveVirgin
A close look at the factors behind world food price volatility - highlighting the influencers, the journalists & the experts that are driving the critical debate forward
Underlying risks in the global economy have not abated and there is still good reason to be worried about the future growth prospects of large economies. This was the clear message from IMF’s second bi-annual outlook released in October 2013. We cover this in the section on Global Trends in this month’s issue of Economy Matters.
In the section on Domestic Trends, we discuss the trends emanating out of the recent releases on Current Account, IIP and Inflation during the month of October 2013.
The Sectoral spotlight for this issue is on Food Processing, which has shown robust performance in the recent years owing to factors such as growing per capita income, large availability of raw materials, changing lifestyles, and conducive government policies.
In the Special Article, we discuss the key drivers and reasons behind high food inflation plaguing the economy currently.
The Role of Tourism in Sustainability of the Rural Settlementfabrics: Cumalık...inventionjournals
The aim of this research is to examine the role of tourism activities on the sustainability of original rural settlement fabrics in the particular example of Cumalıkızık destination. In this research qualitative method has been used and research data were collected using interviews with local directors and observations. In this frame firstly the original fabric of Cumalıkızık destination within the boundaries of Bursa was examined. Then the effects of economic, social and cultural interactions which result from tourism activities on Cumalıkızık destination were considered both with positive and negative aspects. Finally, the effects of tourism activities to the destination on the preservation process of the original fabric were investigated. The data collected were analysed using descriptive analysis technique. From the analysis it was concluded that tourism activities had a significant effect on the sustainability of the original rural settlement fabrics.
The Effects of Income, Income Distribution and Health Expenditures on Under-F...inventionjournals
The level of development of a country is explained together with the income, education and health level of the people living in that country. Health level is measured by health status indicators. In this study, the relationship between income level, income distribution, health expenditures and under five mortality rate, which is one of the most important health status criteria, is discussed. So, the aim of this study is to find out how international level income levels, income distribution and health expenditures could influence the underfive mortality rate. For this purpose, the explanatory power of the economic indicators of 190 countries for 2013 on the under-five mortality rate was examined by multiple regression analysis. According to analysis results, the increase in health expenditures and income levels has a positive effect on the under-five mortality rate, also the income distribution deterioration has the negative impact the under-five mortality. Moreover, the increase in the share of private health expenditures in the health sector, especially in low-income countries, has been reached as a negative impact on the under-five mortality rates.
The Implementation of Curriculum Innovation and Islamic Religious Education L...inventionjournals
This study aims to explore curriculum innovation and PAI teaching at Al Azhar integrated SMA in Medan. This research used qualitative approach with four research questions: How does the curriculum innovation, strategy, media and evaluation of PAI learning in integrated Senior high school Al Azhar Medan? Data collection was done through interviews, observation and documentation. The findings of the study are: Curriculum. The Learning used 2013 curriculum with a scientific-based approach, and KTSP curriculum. The method/strategy. The learning model is a goal-oriented, but the majority has shifted towards the process and achievement of competence, although not total. Applied learning methods have also undergone innovation in order to support a smooth learning. Media, media was used quite well, but in order to support a smooth and achievement of learning in line with the principles embodied in the curriculum applied, this fact needs to be improved towards better, both in terms of accuracy, presentation and materials used. Evaluation, applying the evaluation, including: an oral question in class, quizzes, daily tests, individual assignments, group assignments, repeat semester examination, reports practical work or lab reports, response or practice exams, and a final exam.
The Correlation of Reading Comprehension Ability of Persian and English Langu...inventionjournals
: The present study aimed to investigate the relation between Iranian EFL students’ reading comprehension abilities of Persian which is supposed as their mother language (L1) and English as a target language (TL). In this regard, 109 Iranian students of some private school with the proficiency levels of intermediate are constituted in the study. Two types of standardized reading comprehension tests in both Persian and English languages were distributed to the participants without having any treatment. The analysis was done based on the students’ scores in the tests and the results showed that there is no significant correlation between their Persian and English comprehension abilities.
Achievements and Implications of HIV Prevention Programme among Men who have ...inventionjournals
Background: Targeted interventions among men who have sex with men (MSM) could have a considerable effect in slowing the spread of HIV epidemic. This paper therefore presents the achievements and implications of HIV prevention programme among MSM in Bayelsa State, Nigeria Methods: The project was an intervention study carried out among MSM in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The calculated sample size for this project was 155 MSM and snowball sampling technique was used for their selection. The project adopted the minimum prevention package intervention (MPPI) and data collected with output indicators were entered into the District Health Information Software (DHIS) 2, exported into Microsoft Excel and analysed using same. Results: The overall target population reached during this intervention was 381 MSM given a target reached of 245.8%. A total of 35 community dialogues were held within the duration of the intervention and 49 influencers participated. The number of peers registered during the intervention were 203 and out of the total number of condom (20582) required for this intervention, only 15235 (74.0%) were distributed. A total of 185 (91.1%) of the registered peers were reached with all the three stages of MPPI and 381 (245.8%) were reached with HCT. Among these, 17 (4.5%) were tested positive to HIV. Conclusion: This study showed an HIV prevalence of 4.5% among men who have sex with men in Bayelsa state at the time of the intervention. Given this high HIV prevalence, it is vital to enact more targeted and evidencebased prevention programs for these men.
This presentation contains the positive and negative impacts regarding corona. I made it from various resources and wanted it share it publicly, so that others can also use it.
This is an analysis of the impact of credits from formal financial institutions on the
welfare of farmers in Plateau state Nigeria. The study used survey research design and
the instrument of questionnaire to capture input variables, output data and welfare data.
Data was partly fitted into the Cobb-Douglas production function for analysis to
ascertain the impact of credit on productivity, and welfare data were analyzed through
descriptive statistics. It was found that credit available to farmers in Plateau state is
inadequate to significantly raise farm productivity and hence the welfare conditions of
farmers. It was further found that profitability, Net farm Income and welfare status of
borrowers were slightly higher than that of non-borrowers. The study therefore
recommends a renewed commitment of both government and formal financial
institutions towards improved quality and quantity of credit to farmers so as to boost
output and welfare conditions of the farmers in the state
This article focuses on small-scale food processing enterprises (SSFPEs) as one of the important
measures for national development and addressing food security challenges, particularly in Nigeria. The roles,
challenges, prospects and measures of SSFPE’s development in Nigeria were discussed. The need for food
processing following the extent of food losses and wastages in Nigeria was emphasized. Efforts made at
ensuring food security in developing countries, with particular reference to Nigeria were also discussed. The
contributions of engineering in enhancing food processing and productivity in Nigeria in the areas of
mechanization of food processing unit operations, development of new and existing technologies, design and
development of machinery and systems for processing and preservation of different agricultural produce of high
target were also discussed. This will facilitate the achievement of the technical roles of food processing. SSFPEs
play important roles in the economy of a developing country, particularly in terms of employment creation,
income generation, post-harvest losses reduction, food preservation, value addition, improvement of food safety
and nutritional quality, increase in shelf-life of a product, and act as training grounds for entrepreneurs before
they invest in large scale enterprises. SSFPEs in Nigeria are faced with significant challenges that compromise
their ability to function and to contribute optimally to the economy. Financial constraints and lack of
management skills are the major constraints, among others. The long-term effect in the economic and national
development can be achieved through the development of small-scale food processing techniques, and these
culminate to rapid food processing and industrialization. In view of this, it is recommended that governments
and non-governmental organizations should encourage and facilitate the development of SSFPEs either by
funding or regularly organizing seminars for potential small-scale food enterprises’ operators on how to plan,
organize, direct and control their businesses.
Volatility Of Global Commodity Prices – A Stakeholder Mapping AnalysisSteveVirgin
A close look at the factors behind world food price volatility - highlighting the influencers, the journalists & the experts that are driving the critical debate forward
Underlying risks in the global economy have not abated and there is still good reason to be worried about the future growth prospects of large economies. This was the clear message from IMF’s second bi-annual outlook released in October 2013. We cover this in the section on Global Trends in this month’s issue of Economy Matters.
In the section on Domestic Trends, we discuss the trends emanating out of the recent releases on Current Account, IIP and Inflation during the month of October 2013.
The Sectoral spotlight for this issue is on Food Processing, which has shown robust performance in the recent years owing to factors such as growing per capita income, large availability of raw materials, changing lifestyles, and conducive government policies.
In the Special Article, we discuss the key drivers and reasons behind high food inflation plaguing the economy currently.
The Role of Tourism in Sustainability of the Rural Settlementfabrics: Cumalık...inventionjournals
The aim of this research is to examine the role of tourism activities on the sustainability of original rural settlement fabrics in the particular example of Cumalıkızık destination. In this research qualitative method has been used and research data were collected using interviews with local directors and observations. In this frame firstly the original fabric of Cumalıkızık destination within the boundaries of Bursa was examined. Then the effects of economic, social and cultural interactions which result from tourism activities on Cumalıkızık destination were considered both with positive and negative aspects. Finally, the effects of tourism activities to the destination on the preservation process of the original fabric were investigated. The data collected were analysed using descriptive analysis technique. From the analysis it was concluded that tourism activities had a significant effect on the sustainability of the original rural settlement fabrics.
The Effects of Income, Income Distribution and Health Expenditures on Under-F...inventionjournals
The level of development of a country is explained together with the income, education and health level of the people living in that country. Health level is measured by health status indicators. In this study, the relationship between income level, income distribution, health expenditures and under five mortality rate, which is one of the most important health status criteria, is discussed. So, the aim of this study is to find out how international level income levels, income distribution and health expenditures could influence the underfive mortality rate. For this purpose, the explanatory power of the economic indicators of 190 countries for 2013 on the under-five mortality rate was examined by multiple regression analysis. According to analysis results, the increase in health expenditures and income levels has a positive effect on the under-five mortality rate, also the income distribution deterioration has the negative impact the under-five mortality. Moreover, the increase in the share of private health expenditures in the health sector, especially in low-income countries, has been reached as a negative impact on the under-five mortality rates.
The Implementation of Curriculum Innovation and Islamic Religious Education L...inventionjournals
This study aims to explore curriculum innovation and PAI teaching at Al Azhar integrated SMA in Medan. This research used qualitative approach with four research questions: How does the curriculum innovation, strategy, media and evaluation of PAI learning in integrated Senior high school Al Azhar Medan? Data collection was done through interviews, observation and documentation. The findings of the study are: Curriculum. The Learning used 2013 curriculum with a scientific-based approach, and KTSP curriculum. The method/strategy. The learning model is a goal-oriented, but the majority has shifted towards the process and achievement of competence, although not total. Applied learning methods have also undergone innovation in order to support a smooth learning. Media, media was used quite well, but in order to support a smooth and achievement of learning in line with the principles embodied in the curriculum applied, this fact needs to be improved towards better, both in terms of accuracy, presentation and materials used. Evaluation, applying the evaluation, including: an oral question in class, quizzes, daily tests, individual assignments, group assignments, repeat semester examination, reports practical work or lab reports, response or practice exams, and a final exam.
The Correlation of Reading Comprehension Ability of Persian and English Langu...inventionjournals
: The present study aimed to investigate the relation between Iranian EFL students’ reading comprehension abilities of Persian which is supposed as their mother language (L1) and English as a target language (TL). In this regard, 109 Iranian students of some private school with the proficiency levels of intermediate are constituted in the study. Two types of standardized reading comprehension tests in both Persian and English languages were distributed to the participants without having any treatment. The analysis was done based on the students’ scores in the tests and the results showed that there is no significant correlation between their Persian and English comprehension abilities.
Achievements and Implications of HIV Prevention Programme among Men who have ...inventionjournals
Background: Targeted interventions among men who have sex with men (MSM) could have a considerable effect in slowing the spread of HIV epidemic. This paper therefore presents the achievements and implications of HIV prevention programme among MSM in Bayelsa State, Nigeria Methods: The project was an intervention study carried out among MSM in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The calculated sample size for this project was 155 MSM and snowball sampling technique was used for their selection. The project adopted the minimum prevention package intervention (MPPI) and data collected with output indicators were entered into the District Health Information Software (DHIS) 2, exported into Microsoft Excel and analysed using same. Results: The overall target population reached during this intervention was 381 MSM given a target reached of 245.8%. A total of 35 community dialogues were held within the duration of the intervention and 49 influencers participated. The number of peers registered during the intervention were 203 and out of the total number of condom (20582) required for this intervention, only 15235 (74.0%) were distributed. A total of 185 (91.1%) of the registered peers were reached with all the three stages of MPPI and 381 (245.8%) were reached with HCT. Among these, 17 (4.5%) were tested positive to HIV. Conclusion: This study showed an HIV prevalence of 4.5% among men who have sex with men in Bayelsa state at the time of the intervention. Given this high HIV prevalence, it is vital to enact more targeted and evidencebased prevention programs for these men.
Sibling Birth Spacing Influence on Extroversion, Introversion and Aggressiven...inventionjournals
Sibling spacing refers to the birth interval between consecutive children in the family. The family is the basic unit of socialization. Family interactions and other dynamics such as birth order and sibling spacing shape the personality of children. This study investigated the relationship between sibling birth spacing and, extroversion and introversion characteristics of adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted mixed methods research paradigm with the correlation design. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select three schools for the study sample and participants. From each of the three schools, twenty five students were selected to make a total sample of 75 participants. The data collection instruments for the study were standardized questionnaires and observation guides. Data was collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and Analysis of Variance. The study concluded that close sibling spacing tends to produce extraverted and highly aggressive children while wide sibling spacing tends to produce introverted and less aggressive children. The study further found that the only children, ranked highest in introversion and, lowest in aggressiveness and extraversion. The study recommended that sibling spacing knowledge should be used by school career guidance masters as locally available method of predicting personality.
Evolving Priority in Developing Nations: to Prevent Personal Bias in Social W...inventionjournals
Health remains an important goal for society.‘Health for all’ is the motto of the world health organization. All hospitals spend only on allopathic drugs &modernization despitethe benefits of exercise medicine being well proven Actually, If there is a single remedy which can prevent & treat a host of lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease,osteoporosis, depression,etc it is only 30 minutes of exercise a day. More so it is free., Probably realizing these benefits there was a move to introduce a holistic exercise Suryanamaskar by the Indian government in year 2015 in all schools. After resistance from few organizations this path breaking decision was unfortunately withdrawn.This paper focuses on the importance of simple, economical health inventions& exercises like Suryanamaskar&the need to remove personal choices & viewpoints from theirintroduction for benefit of all.For large & populous countries like India which can barely afford to spend 3 % of GDP on health, disease prevention by exercise medicine is a good solution.To allow personal bias of a few people to hamper progress of the majority is an alarming & regrettable trend.As is said “one can count the seeds in an apple but not the apples in a seed “Only time will tell the far reaching losses & effects of these myopic & vote bank appeasing decisions.
Dark Side of a Global Community: Girl Trafficking in the Southeast of Mexicoinventionjournals
Each day, hundreds of girls and women become victims of girl trafficking. International organized crime groups recruit them in forms of sexual exploitation. The trafficking process begins with the demand for girls to be used in prostitution. Sex trafficking has become a significant problem in global communities like Tabasco, a state in the southeast of Mexico. The state of Tabasco is a source, destination and transit place for girl trafficking as commercial sexual exploitation. In this place, there is trafficking within the state and a large number trafficked come from a region known as the Northern Triangle. The method performed to approach these qualitative investigation entailed classical approaches involving newspaper sources, as well as direct, and Geographic analysis. Findings show that girl trafficking has been intensified in the poorest municipalities of Tabasco. It was also realized that girl trafficking as sexual exploitation is practiced within the Southeast of Mexico. Tabasco is exposed as a recruitment site for traffickers. Proactive and police measures are necessary for containing the phenomenon
Themes and Techniques in the Selected Works of Robin Sharmainventionjournals
Robin Sharma is a Canadian writer and a litigation lawyer. Sharma is popular for his one of his writings Monk Who Sold his Ferrari. Robin Sharma works deal with the Self-Mastery, Self-Leadership and enhancing the personality of aindividual. He gives enormous techniques to enhance the Self-Mastery in his book Monk Who Sold His Ferrari. His works inspires the common ordinary people, entrepreneurs and firefighters to make changes in life. His quotations motivate young people to make personal change in life. The techniques presented in the book Monk and leadership wisdom enriches the individual to enhance positive thoughts in the mind. Monk who sold his Ferrari attempts different skills like self-awareness, interpersonal relationships and self-discipline. Sharma teaches powerful and practical lessons in his book MonkWhoSold his Ferrari. In the another work of Robin Sharma Leadership wisdom author focuses on how to develop trust and commitment in the organizations.The author presents eight rituals which make the professionals to mend trust, commitment and spirit in the organization. In this paper I wish to examine the themes and techniques of Robin Sharma’s works.
Sustainable Development through Waste Management: An Empirical Research throu...inventionjournals
The aim of this research is to examine the perspective of the costumers concerning the environmental practices that are applied by grocery stores (Supermarkets), especially in relation to packaging and food products that have expired. In order to arrive to a conclusion, a questionnaire was distributed amongst Greek costumers. The results of this survey showed that packaging and expired food products are considered by Greek consumers, as a big environmental problem. In detail, they think that these problems are not handled in a resultful way by the Supermarkets, although the Supermarkets are somewhat environmental friendly. Moreover, consumers are ethical-aware concerning their purchases, and they are willing to visit another supermarket (than their local one) or a "green" store that is more environmental friendly. However they are not willing to reward any environmental practices of their local supermarkets, if they have to suffer higher prices.
Accessibility of Public Spaces: Case Study of Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeriainventionjournals
T: This article is about people with different capabilities. It engages with the theoretical framework of the social model of disability about how disability and ageing issues should be considered. In doing so it pays particular attention to the accessibility of the built environment. Disability will affect the lives of everyone at some point in their life, it is time society change to acknowledge this, with the ageing population and the prevailing increases in the number of the physically disabled people, public building, community design and other environmental barriers must be re-examined. Owing to this basic knowledge that the scholars and newspaper world regards "the aged" and "the disabled" as if they are discrete groups outside the common present thought of the society, it is therefore needed to understand that ageing and disabilities is a stage in life that people will experience at one point or the other of their life. The research work inquiries into the prominent demands for accessible built environment to carter for the population growth of the senior citizen and the disabled people.
In this work, the author builds a search algorithm for large Primes. It is shown that the number constructed by this algorithm are integers not representable as a sum of two squares. Specified one note of Fermat. Namely, we prove that there are infinitely many numbers of Fermat. It is determined that the first number of Fermat exceeding the number 2 1 4 2 satisfies the inequality n 17 .
A Review of Linguistic Policies Related to the Teaching of English From Colon...inventionjournals
The study of the evolution of linguistic policies along the course of history helps us understand the underlying motivations of the decisions taken, and bring light into possible solutions to current problems. In Latin America in general and in Argentina in particular, the development of the ability to communicate in English in scientific studies- Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics - is little realized during the years at university. In this work, we present a brief journey through the history of linguistic policies in terms of the teaching of second languages in Argentina from colonial times to present times in pursue of understanding this low degree of realization.
Intertextuality of Rumi’s Masnavi with Quran: Author’s intentional effort and...inventionjournals
The notion of intertextuality emphasized that all literary texts are related to or influenced by the texts prior them. However in some cases the intertextual relation between the former and the later text is specifically intentional. This specific intertextual relationship is the one that Gerad Genette called hypertextuality, which although like all intertextual relationships is depended on the relation between two concepts of the later text, hypertext and the earlier one, hypotext, pays special attention to the intentionality of the intertextual relationship. Being sensible toward this sort of deliberate relationships that the author of a hypertext crated in his/her work is one of the essentialities of translation practices. It seems that in some of the recent English translations of Rumi’s poetry the noted sensitivity on the hypertextual relationships was totally neglected and caused the text to be located in a different context. This article by shedding light on the concept of intertextual relationship between Rumi’s Masnavi and Quran, aimed to demonstrate the real context of Rumi’s poetry to those Rumi’s audiences who read his poetry in another language other than Persian.
Differences in Emotional (Affective) Intelligence among Gifted and Ordinary S...inventionjournals
This study aimed at identifying emotional intelligence Levels among gifted and ordinary students as well as finding wether there were differences among these students. The study was conducted on a sample of (100) ordinary and gifted eight graders at thaled bin al-waleed and king Abdullah II excellence schools at Irbid governorate, where (50) students from each school were selected. Data were collected using a researcher based on Goleman (1983) model, developed questionnaire. Results showed that emotional intelligence level among gifted students was high, however, among ordinary students, emotional level was moderate. Results also showed statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence levels between ordinary and gifted students where gifted students outperformed their ordinary partuers in this intelligence. The study also included some suggested recommendation.
Trainee Psychological Counselors’ Understanding of Ethicsinventionjournals
The Personal values and professional ethical codes are primary resources for practicing psychological counselors. Ethical dilemmas occur when personal values and professional ethical rules are incompatible. We examined the trainee counselors’ understanding of professional ethics. This qualitative study used vignette analysis with 68 undergraduate Turkish students. Using vignettes, the trainees indicated their approaches towards confidentiality, romantic relationships with former clients, curiosity, relationship boundaries, information sharing, self-disclosure, respect for privacy, and reports to third parties. Results revealed the need for ethics education and showed that many trainees would have difficulty with regard to identifying ethical dilemmas.
Manuscript is handwritten old document. This paper highlights the types of manuscripts that are usually found in India and also the different initiatives adopted for cataloguing the Indian manuscripts. It focuses on the guidelines for storing and also handling of the manuscripts
Based on information from the Brazilian government, the article discusses the advancement of the interdisciplinary field on specialist studies, especially in relation to master's and doctoral courses in Brazil. From Walter Benjamin's concept of experience, the article reflects on the possibility of creating an interdisciplinary tradition that helps in understanding the uncertainties of the present.
New technology like (IoT) in recent years rapidly developing in a computing world. The Internet of things will change the real world, activities and objects from simple to most complex. Beside areas as Business, Cities, Transportation, Healthcare, Agriculture and different areas, The IoT will also have a major implication in institute/college. In digital era our College campus need of IoT technology for classy environment to utilize secured & modern technology for e-campuses activities in academic course of action. In general, campuses spread over a fairly large area and it’s very difficult to control for management to track everything happens.This project focuses on need of adopting IoT technology in campus using Secured for (e-Educational)- Campus academics. In near future drastically make changes for students in highly enabled IoT. Starting from needs and advantages ending with a possible architecture based on smart objects.
Learning English “enjoyment or need” for the Students in Omaninventionjournals
: The purpose of this study is to identify whether students in Oman enjoy learning English. To find whether students learn English as an enjoyment or they just learn English out of necessity. The study identifies the % of students who love to learn English and who hate to learn. The study also endeavours to find out whether learning English is essential in Oman. This paper highlights the findings of a study conducted in Global college of Engineering (GCET), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. The subjects used in this study are the third semester Foundation Studies students of GCET. Questionnaire comprising two parts, viz. Part-A and Part-B was administered to collect the information. The findings of the study highlight various benefits in learning English as enjoyment and not as compulsory subject under pressure
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Impact of Agricultural and Industrial Sectors on Economic Development in ...iosrjce
This study aimed at investigating the impact of the agricultural and industrial sector on the overall
economic development of the Nigeria using secondary data from 1981 – 2012. A multiple regression approach
was used for the estimation. To determine the stability of the time series data used in the study, Augmented
Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Philips–Perron (pp) unit root tests were adopted. The empirical results show
cointegration relations among Real GDP per capita (RGDPP), Agricultural contribution to RGDPP (ARG),
Industrial contribution to RGDPP (IND), Interest rate (INT) and Inflation rate (IFL) in the period under
investigation. Agricultural and industrial contributions to RGDPP are significant variables explaining
economic development in Nigeria. The overall result of the analysis indicates that these sectors have significant
positive effect on economic development of Nigeria both in the short-run and in the long-run. This research
therefore suggest that there is need for government and the private investors to focus their attention on these
sectors to boost the economy of the nation and efforts must be made to diversified the economy and focus should
be shifted away from export of crude oil only and more effort should be concentrated on agricultural and
industrial development. This would translate to meaningful development in these sectors which will trickle down
to create employment opportunities, enhance productivity and increase agricultural production for exports.
Association between Investment, Production, Export and Import: The Impact of...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analysis Of Food Crops Sector In Central JavaAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Indonesia is an archipelagic country where half of the total land area has the potential to be an
agricultural area, but only 46.17 percent has been cultivated. Indonesia or particularly Central Java area should
have been a national food barn, however, rice imports is still continue to be carried out to meet the food needs of
the population. Furthermore, This study not only finding out the backward and forward linkage, but also
calculates the impact of the output multiplier and multiplier effects of the food crop sector in Central Java. This
study also trying to determine the end of the food crop sector's demand changes to the output of other sectors.
The method used is descriptive quantitative, which is an elaboration of the approach to analysis of Central Java
input output 88 sectors in 2008 and 2013 which were aggregated into 24 sectors. The results showed that the
food crop sub-sector in 2008 and 2013 had a low backward linkage and high forward linkages, however, this
subsector only depends on a number of sectors. Flow on impact in output and income was much lower if
compared to the other sectors, such as rice mill industry sector. The proportion of the final demand for the food
crop sector fell by more than 10 percent both directly and indirectly.
KEYWORDS: Input Output,backward and forward linkage, multiplier effect
This study sets to assess the effect of government intervention on economic development adopting Songhai Development Initiative Farm in Rivers State of Nigeria as a case study. It adopted the survey design with the instruments of personal observations, interviews and questionnaires to collect the required data. The data has internal consistency of 0.87, test-retest reliability of 0.85 (p < 0.001), split-half reliability of 0.82 (p < 0.001). The mean of 3 points was chosen as a cut off point for accepting or rejecting each of the items in the Likert’s scale. The Chi-square was also used to test the hypothesis. All items have mean (X ̅) that are higher than the cut-off mark and this is supported by low standard deviation for all the items which depicts a low variation of the observations from the mean. With the calculated Chi-square greater than the table value (i.e 30.34957 > 21.026) in absolute term, the study concludes that there is a significant relationship between Songhai Development Initiative Farm and the economic development. It, therefore, recommended that such and similar government direct involvements in the agricultural and other sectors should be encouraged for optimum benefits in output, job creation, income, social welfare and technological advancement.
Assessment of Plantation Sector Contribution to the Economic Growth in North ...inventionjournals
Plantation sector as the most important sector of the Indonesian economy which holds a lot of potentials for the future economic and income development of the nation. This research aimed at finding the contribution of plantation sector toward economic growth in North Sumatra using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) analysis. A SAM can be used as a basis for an economy-wide model with several appealing features. It represents a very general accounting model, which subsumes all possible ‘real-life’ national accounting systems. Based on the SAM analysis it was found that plantation sector gives a significant influence on economic growth in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The biggest contribution comes from palm oil and its manufacturing such as CPO, vegetable oil and other similar product. Moreover, Plantation sector also give a significant influence to the household income. This can be showed from HIM of palm oil which reached IDR 1,4348 billion, followed by CPO, vegetable oil and similar product that reached IDR 1,3668 billion. In addition, Rubber oil reached IDR 1, 3628 billion that also categorized high.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) In Indian Food Processing Sectoriosrjce
Global Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows rose 16 per cent in 2011. The FDI inflows in India
are increased at the rate of 27.9 per cent per annum during the period 2000 to 2011. In India, FDI inflows in
food processing sector were worth Rs.198 crore in the year 2000, these FDI inflows were rose to Rs.1314 crore
in 2009 and it was fallen to Rs.826 crore in 2011. During this period the growth were registered 11.1 per cent
per annum respectively. Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) has formulated a Vision 2015 Action
Plan that includes trebling the size of the food processing industry, raising the level of processing of perishables
from 6 per cent to 20 per cent, increasing value addition from 20 per cent to 35 per cent, and enhancing India’s
share in global food trade from 1.5 per cent to 3 per cent.
The agricultural Production and Economic Growth: Their effects in reducing po...AI Publications
The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the link between agricultural production and economic growth in Cote d’Ivoire based on poverty alleviation. The results demonstrate that government investment in agricultural sector play a significant and important role in the economic development both in short and long term, hence promoting living standard in Cote d’Ivoire. The paper also reveals that socio-economic and natural factors influence national agriculture production level in long run. As recommendation the study suggests that government and the private sector must combine their investment efforts on agricultural product transformation in order to boost national gross production by the sector mechanization. This reform could help to avoid agricultural sector dependency to natural phenomena like rain and drought.
Examining the Impact of Export-Led Growth Strategy: Evidences From Nigeria (1...inventionjournals
The Nigerian economy had for decades been dependent on the fragile leg of crude oil exports. An emerging trend however suggests that in the last ten years the economy was growing without job creation and poverty reduction consequent upon fall in the international oil markets. Expectedly, attention of scholars had shifted towards the development of non-oil exports as a substitute for this quagmire. This study analyses Export-Led Growth Strategy in Nigeria using Annual Data between 1960 and 2015. The study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach on a modified Cobb Douglass Production Function in the analysis. The choice of ARDL is informed by many considerations: it can be used irrespective of whether the regressors are I(1) or I(0) or a mixture of both. Results of the findings revealed that oil exports are directly related to GDP while non-oil exports are not, and implacably non-oil exports do not impact on GDP. The study also revealed that there is a long run relationship between GDP and both components of exports (oil and nonoil) which can be used to determine the possible direction of GDP. And in case of distortion in the economy, equilibrium can be restored at 12 per cent growth rate per annum as one of the study revelations. The study among others recommends that government should diversify the economy to ensure maximum contributions from all facets of the same to enhance economic growth of the country.
ANALYSIS OF GROWTH AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE IN DOMPU DISTRICT 2014-2020AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to (1) analyze economic growth in Dompu Regency in 2014-2020; (2) analyze
the economic structure of Dompu Regency in 2014-2020. This research is descriptive research with a
quantitative approach. The object of this research is Dompu district, West Nusa Tenggara province. This study
uses secondary data from 2014-to 2020 from the Central Statistics Agency of Dompu Regency. The results
showed that the economic growth of Dompu district, West Nusa Tenggara province in 2014-2020 fluctuated,
where in 2015-201, it increased, while in 2018-2019, it decreased. Even in 2020, the economic growth of the
Dompu district became minus, caused by the case of covid. -19. Meanwhile, the economic structure of Dompu
Regency in 2014-2020 is still in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors, followed by the wholesale and
retail trade sector; car and motorcycle repair, government administration sector, defense and compulsory social
security, construction sector, and the rest are outside the four sectors above which contribute below five percent.
KEYWORDS: economic growth, economic structure, Gross Regional Income.
The Effect of Commercial Banks Credit on Agricultural Sector’s Contribution t...ijtsrd
This study is an analysis of the effect of commercial banks’ credit to agriculture on the agricultural sector’s contribution to Nigerian real gross domestic product from 1986 to 2020. Specifically, this study ascertained the effect of commercial banks’ credit to agriculture, inflation rate and interest rate on the agricultural sector’s contribution to real gross domestic product. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag ARDL was the econometric tool of analysis employed using data sourced from the statistical bulletins of the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN . The findings of this study in its totality unveiled statistically that commercial banks’ credit to agriculture does not affect the sector’s contribution to real gross domestic product. In the light of the findings, there is a critical need for commercial banks to increase loans to agricultural enterprises through a reduction in interest rate charge for agricultural purposes, which in turn permits for greater economic growth and development. The Central Bank of Nigeria can encourage this through a reduction in the monetary policy rate which inflicts the high interest rate charged by the commercial banks. The Central Bank of Nigeria can also appeal to the commercial banks to reduce their collateral requirements to encourage more farmers, especially the rural farmers to have access to finance for agricultural production. Dr. (Mrs) Victoria Obi-Nwosu | Amalachukwu Chijindu Ananwude | Chisom Njideka Ezeaku "The Effect of Commercial Banks Credit on Agricultural Sector’s Contribution to Real Gross Domestic Product: Evidence from Nigeria 1986 to 2020" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49229.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/49229/the-effect-of-commercial-banks-credit-on-agricultural-sector’s-contribution-to-real-gross-domestic-product-evidence-from-nigeria-1986-to-2020/dr-mrs-victoria-obinwosu
EFFECTS OF FOREIGN TRADE ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA (1981-2018) IAEME Publication
The current study examined the impact of foreign trade on agricultural output in
Nigeria based on data sourced from 1981 to 2018 by employing a number of
estimation techniques such as Cobb-Douglas, unit root testing, autoregressive
distributed lag among others within the context of two profound theories of exchange
rate - the vent – for surplus theory of international trade; factor endowments theory.
Our study observed that foreign trade exerts negatively on agricultural output. Our
results have some empirical implications.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF EXPORT AND IMPORT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDIAN E...chelliah paramasivan
International trade is a major concept welfare of labour intensive, capital, investment and technology resources promote marketing background throughout world. International trade exchanges of goods and services between countries developing economy inflation. International trade is exchanges of capital good and consumed product transfer across the international borders or territiores. International trade is lockdown period faliure of commercial activities not supply of home appliance products, natural resources during COVID-19 pandemic in Indian economy. Government of India not finalised the export and import extend the marketing network, working capital and reduction of economy growth rate. This paper highlighted is international trade of export and import during COVID-19 pademic in Indian economy.
Agripreneurship Strategy for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development in N...ijtsrd
Nigerias over dependence on crude oil for foreign exchange since the early 1970s has led to a gross decline in the performance of the agricultural sector, which was Nigerias mainstay before the oil boom. At present, the Nigerian economy continues to struggle to live up to its title as Africas largest economy, with recent fluctuations in oil prices having a negative impact on the economy, reflected in low living standards and rising costs of goods and services. Researchers agree that agripreneurship could improve Nigerias current economic situation. In other words, improved agricultural sector performance could lead to economic growth and sustainable development. Despite the fact that many educational programmes, workshops, seminars and presentations have also been organized by private and governmental bodies and organisations, strategies and support systems have been put in place by the government at both the state and federal levels to boost the agricultural sector, but only recently Studies still show that the performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria is low. This indicates that agripreneurship may not have been fully embraced and that there appear to be some bottlenecks or limitations that are hampering the improvement of agricultural sector performance. Consequently, the focus of this study is to explore the agripreneurship strategy and its importance for economic growth and sustainable development in Nigeria. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Agripreneurship Strategy for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52483.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/52483/agripreneurship-strategy-for-wealth-creation-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
This research was aimed to analyze the effect of ASEAN economic integration on
Indonesian fishery export. This research employed gravity model which was used to analyze
Indonesian fishery export with ASEAN countries and other non-ASEAN main trading partners. The
result of this research indicated that Indonesian fishery export in 2000 - 2015 fluctuated with an
upward trend
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
Fishery’s Potential in Indonesia
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 6 Issue 2||February. 2017 || PP.58-64
www.ijhssi.org 58 | Page
Fishery’s Potential in Indonesia
Lucky Rachmawati 1
*, Djoko Mursinto 2,
Nurul Istifadah 3
1
(Candidate Ph.D. in the Faculty of Economic and Business Airlangga University, Indonesia)
2
(Professor, Lecture in the Faculty of Economic and Business Airlangga University, Indonesia)
3
(Lecture in the Faculty of Economic and Business Airlangga University, Indonesia)
ABSTRACT: In order to improve the utilization of fishery, used as accessibility of food and exported to
increase competitiveness, it is necessary to know potential of fishery in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was
to analyze the potential of fishery in Indonesia based on the export intensity, output, sector concentration, labor,
and the farmers exchange rate of the fishery. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative research
methods with a mathematical approach. Based on potential of fishery in Indonesia, there are four province
which have potential in the development of output and export intensity of fishery in Indonesia, there are: South
Sulawesi, East Java, Lampung and North Sumatra Province. The provinces can be used as a pilot area
development of output and export intensity of fishery in other provinces in Indonesia.
Keywords: export intensity, output, sector concentration, labor, the exchange rate of farmers
I. INTRODUCTION
Trade is the central of economic development, the outward orientation is better than inward
orientation (Lynn, 2002: 329). An open economy interacts with other economies in two ways, consist of buying
and selling goods and services in the product markets of the world; or buying and selling capital assets, such as
stocks and bonds in world financial markets (Mankiw et al, 2012 a: 184).
Indonesia's economy is growing rapidly in the era of free trade. Economic players started to show its
existence, the attention of the government to develop the seed sector also began to rise. Many choices of goods
and low prices would benefit consumers. Thomas Mun (1621 in Salvatore, 2004: 30) states that one of the ways
a country becomes rich and powerful is by exporting more than importing.
One of the reasons the government was interested to participate the era of free trade is opening up
opportunities to attract foreign investors to invest in Indonesia. The number of Indonesian population with a
culture of consumption of Indonesian society, of course, is an attraction for foreign investment. However, Say
(1936 in Skousen 2005: 67) argues that it would be unwise if the government only stimulate the increase in
consumption than production. Just encourage consumption, is not beneficial to trade. “Supply its create its own
demand”. By producing, people would have an income follows these conditions people will spend their
income. With the increased of production, the purchasing power of the people and the welfare of society will
increase.
The government should not only look at the economy in terms of demand, which means encouraging
consumption, but also on the supply side (production). The increase in production will be a greater increase
incomes. The increase in revenue can be interpreted will increase welfare with increased purchasing
power. Encourage consumption without any increase in production will only increase community dependence
on other parties to produce. This situation also applies in international trade.
Through international trade, each country can achieve economies of scale. Can share the excess
production that can not be absorbed by domestic consumers. Excess production can be exported (Basri and
Munandar, 2010: 32). Indonesian Chamber of Commerce (2011: 1) argues that exports are very important for
economy to two things, namely: 1) as the main source of foreign exchange and 2) as a motor of economic
growth.
In 2015, Indonesia participated Asean Economic Comunity (AEC). AEC is an ASEAN economic
integration formed by all member countries of ASEAN to establish a system of free trade between member
countries of ASEAN. With the implementation of the integration, it is necessary to update and improve the
competitiveness of Indonesian products with foreign products, thus increasing the value of Indonesia's exports.
Fishery as one sub sector supporting Indonesia's economy also needs to be developed to improve the
international trade in Indonesia. Fauzy (2010: 98) revealed that fish is one of the commodities which plays an
important role in human life. Empowerment of fishery should be in line with the concept of Blue Economy
which was first introduced by Gunter Pauli (2013). Blue Economics, gave a tremendous impact on the
ecological and economic system, allowing humans, or even a biological system as a whole, to develop in a
sustainable and safe in the development of evolution and recycling. Saksono (2013: 8) argues that a requirement
2. Fishery’s Potential in Indonesia
www.ijhssi.org 59 | Page
for the government to Indonesia as an archipelagic nation to change the direction of its development by
exploiting maritime potential as a prime mover economic growth in the country. However, in reality the
government has not focused on organizing, fixing and facilitating the community and business world who want
to implement the conception of economic development based marine blue.
Based on published data of Central Data, Statistics and Information of Maritime and Fisheries
Ministry (2014a), Indonesia waters area larger than the land area. If the water area is used optimally will provide
abundant fishery products, so that together with food crops products can be used for food accessability. Can be
consumed domestically or exported. Thus, in the future Indonesia could become the world's maritime
axis. Fishery resources are so great would be very lost if not used optimally for the welfare of society and even
can be used as a major driver of economic growth and overcome the problems of others macroeconomic.
The fishery output is still less than the food crops. Indonesian Gross Domestic Product in 2010-2013,
show that the average share of output fishery was second after the food crops. The output value of the fishery is
still far less than the food crops. The agricultural sector is dominated by products from food crops. In other
words, product diversification of fishery in Indonesia is still low. In fact, if utilized, the output of fishery could
be an alternative foodstuffs, so that in the future, Indonesia could achieve food accessability by diversifying the
food is not only with food crops but also of fishery products.
The largest of fishery output in Indonesia is on the island of Sumatra and Java. In other words, the
output production of fishery in Indonesia concentrated on these two islands. An industrial sector that is
concentrated in a region, will provide benefits for companies operating in the region. The presumption applies
also to the fishery. The concentration of fishery in a certain region will affect the amount of production on
output fishery. The more concentrated, the output of fishery will also increase. The minimization of costs can
motivate labor or firm to produce more output.
Haig (1928 in Setiono, 2011: 465) developed the economic base analysis which is an economic
analysis of the area used to determine the extent of concentration of economic sectors in rural areas or sectors
what is a basic sectors or leading sector. Sub sectors concentrated certainly have a significant influence on the
economic growth of the region, in other words, can increase economic output. Susanto and Woyanti (2008:
153); Subagiyo and Hascaryo (2015: 138); and Sapriadi and Hasbiullah (2015: 71) in his study suggests that
sectoral has positive effect on economic output.
Adisasmita (2014: 15) considers that the regional area is very important and is a factor that must be
taken into account in analyzing and determining where a program or project is put into development
planning. Territory connoted with the location of a development activity or economic activities such as industry
or factories, enterprises, and service facilities, thus the selection or determination of the location will affect the
continuity of these activities. By determining the exact location of the activity is expected to take place in a
productive and efficient.
Besides the sector concentration, how the production process of fishery is also important to
observe. Case et al (2012: 152) states that the production is a process through which inputs are combined and
converted into output. A certain amount of input required to produce a type of services or goods. The production
technology is a quantitative relationship between input and output. Economists express the relationship between
input and output (production technology), through figures (numeric) or mathematically, known as the
production function. The production function shows the total product unit as a function of the input
unit. Mankiw (2012b: 22) categorizes the factors of production as production inputs needed by the company as
follows: labor, land, and capital. Nicholson and Snyder (2012: 315) argues that the company's output of certain
goods for a period is a function of the engine (capital / capital) use during the period, the labor input (labor) per
hour, the raw material used, and possibly other variables affecting the production process.
The production function was originally put forward by some economists namely: von Thünen (1826),
Turgot (1776), Smith (1776), Steuart (1767), Malthus (1815) and Ricardo (1817) on "The Law of Diminishing
Marginal Return" which is an important consideration in agriculture. Cobb-Douglas (1934); Arrow et
al.(1961); Leontief (1966) and Solow (1957) developed some form of production function. Other economists
only use land, capital and labor as inputs in the production function.Solow contrast to other economists,
incorporate technical progress (technical progress) / technology (technology) as one of the factors that can
increase output. Incorporating technical progress (technical progress) into the production function (Nicholson
and Snyder, 2012: 320). More specifically Gordon (1954 in Fauzy, 2010: 102) developed a production function
becomes specialized production functions for fisheries. Gordon revealed that the production or activity of the
fishery could be explained as a function of effort and fish stocks. Effort is an index of various inputs such as
labor, boats, nets, fishing gear, land cultivation, etc. required for a fisheries activities.
Based on the theory of production, factors of production as input has an important role in
generating output and encourage international trade. The production factors in question include: labor, land,
capital, and natural resources. The abundance of factors of production necessary to produce great output so it
3. Fishery’s Potential in Indonesia
www.ijhssi.org 60 | Page
can export (sell abroad). In this study, the factors of production are incorporated into the model only labor, while
the land area of fisheries and other production factors assumed to be fixed / constant.
Labor is one of the factors of production used in the production process to generate output fishery, is
regarded as one of the important factors. Fisheries resources need a lot of human resources to process and
manage. Human resources to produce output related to the fisheries labor. Fisheries labor, among others: the
fishermen and fish farmers. Fishermen are engaged in fishing, while fish farmers engaged in the
aquaculture. Arifin (2006: 149); Yonvitner (2007: 265); Heryansyah et al. (2013: 13) and Li et. al. (2012),
argued that labor has positif effect on output production.
One of the motivations for someone to work in the fisheries if they can reach the better welfare for
working in the fisheries subsector compared with other subsectors. The better welfare will affect a person's
decision to spend his time working in the fisheries more or not. Welfare relating to real wages, which is a
measure of the amount of wages that can be used to buy things goods and services. On fishery, welfare
measured by exchange rate of farmer fishery (NTN), which is a proxy of real wages. According to the
Directorate of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Bappenas (2014: 94), the exchange rate of farmers fishery index is
the ratio between the price that farmers receive (IT) with the index of prices paid by farmers (IB).
Real wages are nominal wage adjustment to changes in the price level. The Central Bureau of Statistics
(2015), suggests that from IT can be seen fluctuations in the prices of goods produced by farmers, while the IB
can be seen fluctuations in the prices of goods consumed by the farmers, as well as fluctuations in the price of
goods required to produce fishery products. IB can also describe the inflation fluctuation. Based on the
definition of the NTN, it can be concluded that NTN is a proxy of real wages in the fisheries. Fisheries farmers
welfare will encourage farmers to produce more output, so it will also affect the exports that will be generated.
Hicks (1932 in Nicholson and Snyder, 2012: 583) developed a theory of real wages that describes how
the behavior of labor associated with real wages received. Hicks stated that the amount of real wages will affect
a person's decision in working hours and leisure time depending on the substitution effect and the income effect.
Arifin (2006: 149), argued that real wage has positive effect on production output.
In order to improve the utilization of fishery, whether used as a food improvement as well as exported
to the improvement of competitiveness, it is important to know the potential of fisherie in Indonesia based on
the export intensity, output, sector concentration, labor, and the exchange rate of fisheries farmers. The purpose
of this study was to analyze the potential of fishery in Indonesia
II. METHODS
The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative research methods with a mathematical
approach. The variables examined in this study, there are: labor (tk); sector concentration (kon_sek); exchange
rate of fisheries farmer (ntn); output (output); and export intensity (in_eks). Each variable is defined
operationally as follows:
a. Labor
Fisheries labor (tk) in Indonesia consists of: fishermen and fish farmer. According to Republic
Indonesia Law number 45 of 2009, a fisherman is a person who is actively doing work in fishing
operations/other aquatic animals/aquatic plants. While the fish farmer is a person whose engaged in the
aquaculture. Data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics and expressed in person. In this study, labor of
fisheries each province in Indonesia are categorized as follows: 1) abundant labor, if the amount of fisheries
labor in a province equal to or greater than the average number of fisheries labor in Indonesia, and 2) bit labor, if
the number of fisheries labor in a province smaller than the average number of fisheries labor in the Indonesia.
b. Sector Concentration
The concentration of the sector in this study was measured by the location quotient (LQ). The location
coefficient is a measure of the degree of specialization fisheries sub-sector in each province in Indonesia on
the output of the agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries nationwide. The concentration of the sector are
calculated from the ratio between the amount of output fisheries every province in Indonesia on the output of the
agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries in Indonesia. NTN Data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics
and expressed in index.
4. Fishery’s Potential in Indonesia
www.ijhssi.org 61 | Page
LQ calculation is as follows:
tot
i
tot
i
O
O
o
o
LQ
Based on the LQ calculation, can be categorized as follows: 1) High concentration, if the value of
location quotient equal to or greater than one (LQ≥1). This means that the fisheries sub-sector output in relative
terms in a province is equal to or greater than the output of the fisheries sub-sector in Indonesia. Thus, Sub
fisheries sector is a sub-sector that is concentrated in the province and is a sub-sector that can be further
developed than another sub-sector on the Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Fisheries, and 2) Low
concentration, if the value of location quotient smaller than one (LQ <1). This means that the output of the
fisheries sub-sector in the province is smaller than the output of the fisheries sub-sector in Indonesia. Thus, Sub
fisheries sector is a sub-sector that is not concentrated in the province and a sub-sector that is not prospective for
further development compared to other sub-sector on the Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Fisheries.
c. Exchange Rate of Fisheries Farmer (NTN)
The purchasing power of wages (real wages) in this study was measured by the exchange rate of
Fisheries farmers (NTN) every province in Indonesia. According to the Directorate of Maritime Affairs and
Fisheries Bappenas (2014: 14), NTN is an indicator to assess the ability of the exchange of products
(commodities) produced / sold by the farmers against farmers better products needed for the production process
(enterprise) as well as for household consumption. Magnitude NTN obtained by comparing the received index
(It) with paid index (Ib) by fisheries farmers. NTN Data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics and
expressed in index.
NTN calculation, as follows:
b
t
I
I
NTN
NTN in this study are categorized as follows: 1) The exchange rate of fisheries farmers is high, if the
exchange rate of fisheries farmers sub-sector is greater than or equal to 100 (NTN≥100), it means the purchasing
power of these farmers are relatively better compared to the base year period, indicating the relative welfare of
farmers either or in other words the received index greater than or equal to the paid index, and 2) The exchange
rate of fisheries farmers is low, if the exchange rate of the fisheries farmers less than 100 (NTN <100) means a
decline in the purchasing power of farmers. Reflecting the welfare of farmers is still low or paid index is still
higher than received index.
d. Output
The fisheries output is the sum of the value of fishery products in every province in Indonesia. Measured in
rupiah. Data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics and expressed in units Rupiah (Rp.). In this study the
fishery output in each of the provinces in Indonesia are categorized as follows: 1) The high output, meaning that
fisheries output in a province equal to or greater than the average output of fisheries in Indonesia, and 2) Output
is low, it means fisheries output in a province smaller than the average output of fisheries in Indonesia.
e. Export Intensity
The fisheries export intensity in this study was measured by the ratio of export sales of the provincial fisheries
sub-sector in Indonesia to export sales total in Indonesia. A higher level on the intensity of exports showed an
increased level of dependence on exports. Data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics and expressed in
index.
Note:
LQ = Location Quotien
oi = amount of output fisheries each province in Indonesia
otot = amount of output agriculture, livestock, forestry and
fisheries each province in Indonesia
Oi = amount of output fisheries in Indonesia
Otot = amount of output agriculture, livestock, forestry and
fisheries in Indonesia
Note:
NTN = exchange rate of fisheries farmers
It = received index
Ib = paid index
5. Fishery’s Potential in Indonesia
www.ijhssi.org 62 | Page
Export intensity value is calculated by the following formula:
tnas,tot,
tnas,
ti,tot,
ti,
ti,
E
E
e
e
IE
Export intensity in this study can be categorized as follows: 1) high export intensity, meaning that the
value of export intensity is greater than or equal to one (IE≥1). This means that the value of exports relative
terms fisheries in a province is equal to or greater than the value of exports of fisheries in Indonesia. Thus, in the
province has high export capacity on fisheries and is a sub-sector that can be developed further to be exported
compared to other sub-sector, and 2) low export intensity, meaning that the value of export intensity is smaller
than one (IE <1). This means that the export value of fisheries in the province is smaller than the export value of
fisheries in Indonesia. Thus, in the province has a low export capacity on fisheries and is a sub-sector that is not
prospectively developed more than other sub-sector.
III. DISCUSSION
Potential of fisheries each province in Indonesia based on the distribution of labor, sector
concentration, the exchange rate of fisheries farmers, output, and export intensity, helpful in providing
information on how the potential of each province in Indonesia in developing the fisheries. Such information
can be used in the determination of resource management policies owned by their respective provinces for the
foreseeable future.
The factors of production in each province is different, so the ability to produce output and export the
fisheries also vary (uneven). Efforts are underway to increase the output and the export intensity of fisheries is
also not optimal, whereas Indonesia is an archipelago country / maritime requires more attention from the
government, especially regarding labor regulation, exchange rate of fisheries farmers, and local concentrations
of the fisheries sector.
Province in Indonesia that could potentially generate high output on fisheries in Indonesia in the year
2013, there are: 1) South Sulawesi Province; 2) East Java Province; 3) Lampung Province; 4) South Sumatra
Province; 5) East Kalimantan Province; 6) North Sumatra Province; 7) West Java Province; 8) Central Java
Province; and 9) Riau Province. Each province has a different characteristic in terms of labor, sector
concentration and exchange rate of fisheries farmers, which is explained further in Table 1.
Table 1 Characteristics Provinces Produces High Output
No. Province Characteristics
1. Sulawesi Selatan abundant labor, high sector concentration, and high exchange rate of fisheries farmers
2. Jawa Timur abundant labor and high sector concentration
3. Lampung; high sector concentration and high exchange rate of fisheries farmers
4. Sumatera Selatan high sector concentration and high exchange rate of fisheries farmers
5. Kalimantan Timur high sector concentration
6. Sumatera Utara abundant labor
7. Jawa Barat; abundant labor and high exchange rate of fisheries farmers
8. Jawa Tengah abundant labor and high exchange rate of fisheries farmers
9. Riau Bit labor, low sector concentration, and low exchange rate of fisheries farmers
Based on Table 1, it is known that there are 8 provinces that can produce a high output with a
supporting factor labor is abundant, high sector concentration and the exchange rate farmers fisheries sub-sector
is high. Supporting factors are contained in one province alone could one characteristic, characteristic could be
two, or even all three. South Sulawesi Province is a province that has the third characteristic. Of course, based
on the three characteristic owned, the South Sulawesi Province can produce high output.
In contrast to the South Sulawesi Province, Riau Province have none of the three characteristic, but can
produce high output. Thus, Riau province has a supporting factor other than the three characteristic to encourage
Riau Province to produce high output. One of the factors supporting the Riau province near the provinces with
the ocean harbor port of Belawan, North Sumatra Province. When viewed from the geographical nature, based
Note:
IEi = Fisheries export intensity province i in Indonesia
ei = Fisheries export province i in Indonesia
etot = Total export provincei i in Indonesia
Enas = Fisheries export in Indonesia
Etot, nas = Total export in Indonesia
t = time
6. Fishery’s Potential in Indonesia
www.ijhssi.org 63 | Page
on information from the Riau Provincial Government (2016) that the province has 17.40% of the sea area of the
total area and has 15 rivers. Thus making the fisheries is well developed. In addition, the area of untapped is also
a great potential for the development of aquaculture land such as cages, pools, common fisheries and pond.
In addition to the potential of the province that produces high output, also analyzed the provinces that produce
high export intensity of fisheries in Indonesia in the year 2013, there are: 1) South Sulawesi Province; 2) East
Java Province; 3) Lampung Province; 4) North Sulawesi Province; 5) Bali Province; and 6) North Sumatra
Province. Each province has a different characteristic in terms of labor, sector concentration, exchange rate of
fisheries farmer and output, which is explained further in Table 2.
Table 2 Characteristics Provinces Producing High Exports Intensity
No. Province Characteristics
1. Sulawesi Selatan abundant labor, high sector concentration, high exchange rate of fisheries farmers, and high output
2. Jawa Timur abundant labor, high sector concentration, and high output
3. Lampung; high sector concentration, high exchange rate of fisheries farmers, and high output
4. Sulawesi Utara abundant labor and high sector concentration
5. Bali high sector concentration
6. Sumatera Utara abundant labor and high output
According to Table 2 on page 103, it is known that there are six provinces that can produce a high
output with a supporting factor labor is abundant, high sector concentration, high exchange rate of fisheries
farmers and high output. That supporting factors be found in a province could only one characteristic, could be
two characteristic, could be three or even all four. South Sulawesi Province is a province that has the fourth
characteristic. Thus, South Sulawesi most superior in generating output and export intensity of fisheries in
Indonesia.
Apart from excelling in four characteristic the natural geography of South Sulawesi Province also
supports the development of fisheries in the province. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics South
Sulawesi (2016: 7), South Sulawesi Province, bordering the Gulf of Bone in the east, Makassar Strait in the west
and Flores Sea in the south, thus the public access area of South Sulawesi province to the sea is very easy.
Besides South Sulawesi province has 67 streams. The flow number that is in Luwu, as many as 25 streams.
There is the longest river flowing Saddang River District includes Tator, Enrekang and, Pinrang. The length of
the river is 150 km. The average area of fish farming in 2009 and 2013 amounted to 131 976 ha.
Although South Sulawesi Province does not have the ocean harbor, but the location is close to the
province that has a provincial oceanic ports, namely Port Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Province. However, it
will be easier for the South Sulawesi province to sell fishery products if the province has its own ocean port,
considering the province has great potential of fisheries.
Having obtained the provinces that produce high output and high export intensity, then these provinces
paired. As described in Table 3.
Table 3 Grouping Provinces Which Produces High Output and/or High Export Intensity
Characteristics
High Output and High Export
Intensity
High Output But Low Export
Intensity
High Export Intensity But Low
Output
Sulawesi Selatan Province Sumatera Selatan Province Sulawesi Utara Province
Jawa Timur Province Kalimantan Timur Province Bali Province
Lampung Province Jawa Barat Province
Sumatera Utara Province Jawa Tengah Province
Riau Province
According to Table 3, obtained four provinces that produce high output and high export intensity of
fisheries in Indonesia in the year 2013, there are: South Sulawesi Province, East Java Province, Lampung
Province and North Sumatra Province; 5 provinces that produce high output but low export intensity, there are:
South Sumatra Province, East Kalimantan Province, West Java Province, Central Java Province and Riau
Province; and two provinces that generate high export intensity but low outputs, there are: North Sulawesi
Province and Bali Province.
For provinces that produce high output and high export intensity can be used as a pilot area
development of output and export intensity of Fisheries in other provinces in Indonesia. Although ideally these
conditions occurs naturally, because of the high output fisheries act as input fisheries exports, thereby generating
high export intensity.
For provinces that generate high output but low export intensity, made possible so that could be due in
fisheries outputs generated only serves to satisfy domestic consumption, then produce low export intensity.
7. Fishery’s Potential in Indonesia
www.ijhssi.org 64 | Page
For provinces that generate high export intensity but low output, thus could be made possible due to the
export obtained input from other areas. Although the fishery output generated is low, but can be met from other
areas to be processed into export products.
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on potential of fishery in Indonesia, there are four provinces that produce high output and high
export intensity of fisheries in Indonesia in the year 2013, there are: South Sulawesi Province, East Java
Province, Lampung Province and North Sumatra Province; 5 provinces that produce high output but low export
intensity, there are: South Sumatra Province, East Kalimantan Province, West Java Province, Central Java
Province and Riau Province; and two provinces that generate high export intensity but low outputs, there are:
North Sulawesi Province and Bali Province. The four provinces that produce high output and high export
intensity of fisheries in Indonesia in the year 2013 can be used as a pilot area development output and export
intensity of fisheries in other provinces in Indonesia.
REFERENCES
[1]. Adisasmita, Rahardjo. 2014. Pertumbuhan Wilayah dan Wilayah Pertumbuhan. PT Graha Ilmu: Yogyakarta.
[2]. Arifin, Zainal. 2006. Konsentrasi Spasial Industri Manufaktur Berbasis Perikanan di Jawa Timur (Studi Kasus Industri Besar dan
Sedang). Jurnal HUMANITY, Volume 1, Number 2, Maret 2006: page 141-151.
[3]. Basri, Faisal dan Munandar, Haris. 2010. Dasar-dasar Ekonomi Internasional. Penerbit Prenada Media Group: Jakarta.
[4]. Case Karl E. , Fair Ray C. and Oster Sharon. 2012. Principles of Economics, Tenth Edition. Pearson Education, United States of
America.
[5]. Central Bureau of Statistics South Sulawesi. 2016. Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dalam Angka 2016. Central Bureau of Statistics South
Sulawesi.
[6]. Central Bureau of Statistics. 2015. Statistik Indonesia 2015. Central Bureau of Statistics - Indonesia, Jakarta.
[7]. Central Data, Statistics and Information of Maritime and Fisheries Ministry. 2014. Kelautan dan Perikanan Dalam Angka 2014.
Maritime and Fisheries Ministry, Jakarta.
[8]. Directorate of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Bappenas. 2014. Analisis Pencapaian Nilai Tukar Nelayan (NTN). Cooperation
Ministry of National Development Planning / Bappenas with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Jakarta.
[9]. Fauzy, Akhmad. 2010. Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan. Penerbit Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
[10]. Heryansyah,Said Muhammad dan Sofyan Syahnur. 2013. Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Nelayan di
Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Pascasarjana Suniversitas Syiah Kuala, Volume 1 No.2, Mei 2013, ISSN 2302-0172,
pp 9-15.
[11]. Indonesian Chamber of Commerce. 2011. Ekspor dan Daya Saing. Through http://image.kadin-
indonesia.or.id/images/file/kadinindonesia20120608101837.pdf.
[12]. Li, Wen-cai; Qiu, Jian-jun; and Qiu, Feng. 2012. Analysis of Factors Influencing Farmer and Herdsman's Operating Behavior in
Crop Production - A Case Study of the Typical Tibetan Counties (Cities). Asian Agricultural Research, Volume 4(4), Pages 71-76.
[13]. Lynn, Stuart R. 2002. Economic Development. Pearson Education Inc., United States of America.
[14]. Mankiw et al. 2012 a. Pengantar Ekonomi Makro Edisi Asia. Penerbit Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
[15]. ..................... 2012 b. Pengantar Ekonomi Mikro Edisi Asia. Penerbit Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
[16]. Nicholson, Walter and Snyder, Christopher. 2012. Microeconomic Theory Basic Principles and Extensions: eleventh edition.
Nelson Education, Ltd, Canada.
[17]. Pauli, Gunter. 2013. The Blue Economy. The Paper was presented in Tsinghua x-lab, 11 September 2013.
[18]. Republic Iindonesia Law number 45 of 2009 about fisheries.
[19]. Riau Provincial Government. 2016. Sumber Daya Alam Provinsi Riau. Through https://www.riau.go.id/home/content/66/sumber-
daya-alam.
[20]. Saksono. 2013. Ekonomi Biru: Solusi Pembangunan Daerah Berciri Kepulauan Studi Kasus Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas.
Jurnal Bina Praja Vol. 5 No. 1 Maret 2013, page 1-12.
[21]. Salvatore. 2004. International Economics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., United States of America.
[22]. Sapriadi and Hasbiullah. 2015. Analisis Penentuan Sektor Unggulan Perekonomian Kabupaten Bulukumba. Jurnal Iqtisaduna,
Volume 1 Nomor 1, Juni 2015, halaman 71-86.
[23]. Setiono. 2011. Ekonomi Pengembangan Wilayah: Teori dan Analisis. Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia,
Jakarta.
[24]. Skousen. 2005. Sang Maestro: Teori-teori Ekonomi Modern. Prenada Media, Jakarta.
[25]. Subagiyo and Hascaryo. 2015. Analisis Sektor Unggulan bagi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Daerah di Jawa Tengah. University Research
Colloquium 2015, ISSN 2407-9189, halaman 138-151.
[26]. Susanto and Woyanti. 2008. Analisis Sektor Potensial dan Pengembangan Wilayah Guna Mendorong Pembangunan di Kabupaten
Rembang. Jurnal Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen, Vol.18 No. 2, Juli 2008, ISSN: 0854-1442, halaman 153-164.
[27]. Yonvitner. 2007. Model Produktivitas Dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Perikanan Tangkap Di Pantai Utara Jawa Barat (Aplikasi
Persamaan Simultan Harga Dan Upah). Jurnal Perikanan (J.Fish.Sci.)IX (2): halaman 254-266,ISSN: 0853-6384.
