This document discusses the health benefits of plant oils compared to fish oils. It summarizes several studies that show plant oils are more effective than fish oils at reducing mortality from heart attacks. While fish contains omega-3 fatty acids, plant oils from seeds, nuts and their oils are richer sources. The document also notes concerns about toxins like mercury accumulating in fish and the failure of public health strategies to increase fish consumption in the UK. In conclusion, a plant-based diet is considered the best choice for long-term heart health and overall wellness.
- Pollutants in fish may cancel out the beneficial effects of the ‘good’ omega-3 fats they contain
- ALA (from plant foods) can be converted into EPA and DHA, and has a protective effect against heart disease
- Cutting down on dietary cholesterol (eggs, meat and dairy products), processed foods, and hydrogenated vegetable oils will help your body to make best use of the omega-3 from plant foods
This document discusses the health effects of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oils versus plant sources. It notes that while fish oils are often promoted for their heart and brain benefits, the evidence is inconclusive and fish can contain harmful pollutants like mercury and PCBs. Plant-based sources of omega-3s like flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts do not contain these toxins and may provide the same health benefits without risk. The document recommends public health policies promote plant omega-3s over fish oils for better health and sustainability.
Omega 3 overview - professor philip calderMecompany
This lecture covers omega-3 fatty acids, including their sources, metabolism, and health benefits. It discusses the metabolic pathway between alpha-linolenic acid and long chain omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA, and notes that this conversion is inefficient in humans. It reviews evidence that omega-3 intake is linked to reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and positive effects on blood pressure and inflammation. The lecture also explores the importance of long chain omega-3 fatty acids for brain and eye development.
This document discusses the health benefits and safety of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. It covers the mechanisms by which omega-3s may help prevent atherosclerosis such as reducing inflammation and triglyceride levels. Potential side effects are mild and include belching or loose stools. While fish oil supplements are generally safe, high doses over long periods could potentially cause bleeding or toxicity from oxidation or excessive vitamins if not purified properly. Research shows fish oil may help reduce risk of heart disease by lowering triglycerides and inflammation.
This document summarizes the health effects of coconut oil by comparing its fatty acid composition to other oils like corn oil. It finds that while coconut oil has more saturated fat than corn oil, its medium-chain fatty acids may provide benefits like supporting immune function and reducing abdominal fat. However, it cautions that coconut oil should not completely replace unsaturated vegetable oils which provide essential fatty acids and are generally healthier. Overall, the document concludes coconut oil can be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet for its possible health benefits and flavor in cooking.
In this slide deck I demonstrate the effects of carbohydrate restriction on different lipoproteins such as HDL, LDL, non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB). The effect of butter and saturated fat as such are compared to unsaturated fat and especially to canola oil. Meta-analysis by Mensink et al. 2003 is the primary reference for the analysis.
This document from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center provides information on omega-3 fatty acids. It defines omega-3 fatty acids and describes their main types: ALA, EPA, and DHA. Sources of each type are outlined. The roles of DHA in visual development and EPA/DHA in cardiovascular health are summarized. Studies on omega-3's relationships to coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, depression and other conditions are highlighted at a high level.
This document discusses the benefits of Soul, a nutritional supplement. It contains essential vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. It helps the body heal itself by providing antioxidants to combat free radicals and reduce inflammation. The supplement contains extracts from seeds like black raspberry, grape, and black cumin which research has shown fight cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. It also contains D-ribose for heart health and resveratrol for anti-aging benefits. The supplement aims to provide complete nutrition and support overall health and wellness.
- Pollutants in fish may cancel out the beneficial effects of the ‘good’ omega-3 fats they contain
- ALA (from plant foods) can be converted into EPA and DHA, and has a protective effect against heart disease
- Cutting down on dietary cholesterol (eggs, meat and dairy products), processed foods, and hydrogenated vegetable oils will help your body to make best use of the omega-3 from plant foods
This document discusses the health effects of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oils versus plant sources. It notes that while fish oils are often promoted for their heart and brain benefits, the evidence is inconclusive and fish can contain harmful pollutants like mercury and PCBs. Plant-based sources of omega-3s like flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts do not contain these toxins and may provide the same health benefits without risk. The document recommends public health policies promote plant omega-3s over fish oils for better health and sustainability.
Omega 3 overview - professor philip calderMecompany
This lecture covers omega-3 fatty acids, including their sources, metabolism, and health benefits. It discusses the metabolic pathway between alpha-linolenic acid and long chain omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA, and notes that this conversion is inefficient in humans. It reviews evidence that omega-3 intake is linked to reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and positive effects on blood pressure and inflammation. The lecture also explores the importance of long chain omega-3 fatty acids for brain and eye development.
This document discusses the health benefits and safety of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. It covers the mechanisms by which omega-3s may help prevent atherosclerosis such as reducing inflammation and triglyceride levels. Potential side effects are mild and include belching or loose stools. While fish oil supplements are generally safe, high doses over long periods could potentially cause bleeding or toxicity from oxidation or excessive vitamins if not purified properly. Research shows fish oil may help reduce risk of heart disease by lowering triglycerides and inflammation.
This document summarizes the health effects of coconut oil by comparing its fatty acid composition to other oils like corn oil. It finds that while coconut oil has more saturated fat than corn oil, its medium-chain fatty acids may provide benefits like supporting immune function and reducing abdominal fat. However, it cautions that coconut oil should not completely replace unsaturated vegetable oils which provide essential fatty acids and are generally healthier. Overall, the document concludes coconut oil can be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet for its possible health benefits and flavor in cooking.
In this slide deck I demonstrate the effects of carbohydrate restriction on different lipoproteins such as HDL, LDL, non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB). The effect of butter and saturated fat as such are compared to unsaturated fat and especially to canola oil. Meta-analysis by Mensink et al. 2003 is the primary reference for the analysis.
This document from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center provides information on omega-3 fatty acids. It defines omega-3 fatty acids and describes their main types: ALA, EPA, and DHA. Sources of each type are outlined. The roles of DHA in visual development and EPA/DHA in cardiovascular health are summarized. Studies on omega-3's relationships to coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, depression and other conditions are highlighted at a high level.
This document discusses the benefits of Soul, a nutritional supplement. It contains essential vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. It helps the body heal itself by providing antioxidants to combat free radicals and reduce inflammation. The supplement contains extracts from seeds like black raspberry, grape, and black cumin which research has shown fight cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. It also contains D-ribose for heart health and resveratrol for anti-aging benefits. The supplement aims to provide complete nutrition and support overall health and wellness.
1. Diet lower in carbohydrates seems to lead to increased LDL particle size. However, the effect of diet on LDL particle size is controversial.
2. When carbohydrate intake is high and comparable between groups, the effects of fatty acids like saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat on LDL particle size are also controversial.
3. When on a low carbohydrate diet high in red meat, replacing saturated fat with monounsaturated fat increases LDL particle size.
The document discusses the role of omega-3 fatty acids in preventing coronary heart disease (CHD) among Indians. Indians are at high risk of developing CHD even with low traditional risk factors. The document notes that omega-3 fatty acids from foods like salmon, flaxseeds and walnuts can help lower triglycerides and reduce inflammation. It recommends including sources of both EPA and DHA in the diet for maximum cardiovascular benefits, through foods like fish and algae-derived supplements.
OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEBabie Maibam
Prevention of age-related cognitive decline - a public health challenge.Nutrition, a major lifelong environmental factor, offers promising perspectives.
UNO is a network marketing company that sells health and wellness products. It is led by experienced network marketers and aims to be the number one network marketing opportunity worldwide by providing high-quality products and supporting entrepreneurs. The company's products include supplements like grape seed extract, virgin coconut oil, kryptorganic, and ultima-c vitamin c. These products are described as having various health benefits such as supporting heart health, weight loss, immune function, and more.
GET TO MORE KETO DIET RECIPES FOR YOUR HEALTHY FUTURE TO STAY ALWAYS HEALTHY IN THE FUTURE. The ketogenic diet has become popular.
Studies have found that this very low carb, high fat diet is effective for
weight loss, diabetes, and epilepsy
The Sorrows of Vegetarian — A survey of meat diet risk and vegetarian nutrition tips. Private sharing on 18 March 2013.
討論肉食的健康風險, 素食營養的基本知識. 2013-03-18 私人吹水會.
This document discusses functional foods and their impact on heart health. It defines functional foods as conventional foods that provide additional health benefits. Several foods are identified as having dietary sources associated with reduced heart disease risk, including oats, soy, fish, and red wine. Studies show oats containing beta-glucan can lower cholesterol, while soy protein and fish omega-3 fatty acids also positively impact heart health markers. Tea and red wine consumption may reduce cardiovascular mortality through their antioxidant effects. While evidence supports links between these functional foods and heart health, more research is still needed.
Veganism is on the rise due to growing concerns about the environment and perceived health benefits. However, certain nutrients such as EPA & DHA are difficult to obtain from plant-based diets. Until recently, the only supplemental source of long-chain omega-3s was fish oil. Igennus has recently launched a vegan omega-3 product which combines algae-sourced EPA & DHA with the additional benefit of astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant.
In this hour-long webinar, Dr Danielle Crida discusses:
- The importance of omega-3s and the omega 6:3 ratio
- Vegan options for omega-3 supplementation
- Our new Vegan Omega-3 & Astaxanthin product
- How to assess omega-3 requirements and measure response to supplementation
- Ensuring optimal nutrition on a plant-based diet: common nutrient deficiencies and how to address them
This review article discusses the biologic plausibility of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as an anti-atherosclerotic agent. It summarizes that EPA has beneficial effects on multiple processes in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Specifically, EPA improves endothelial function, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, decreases foam cell formation, inhibits plaque progression, reduces platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The article argues that EPA's effects on these various atherogenic processes provide biologic rationale for its potential clinical benefits in preventing cardiovascular events when used as an adjunct to statin therapy. An ongoing clinical trial called REDUCE-IT aims to evaluate whether EPA reduces cardiovascular risk more
Perilla oil has several potential health benefits according to studies on animals. It may help improve cardiovascular health by reducing substances that cause blood clots. It showed potential for cancer protection by lowering tumor incidence in rats. Perilla oil also appeared to have neurological benefits and improved learning ability in rats compared to other oils. It helped reduce obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet and showed anti-aging effects in animals. Perilla oil also demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy properties.
The document discusses the many health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, which include supporting heart health by lowering triglycerides and risk of heart attack, reducing inflammation, and potentially lowering the risk of diseases like cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Sources of omega-3 fatty acids for vegetarians include canola and flaxseed oils, as fish is the major dietary source for non-vegetarians. The article provides details on how omega-3 fatty acids may specifically benefit conditions like breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, menstrual cramps, pregnancy, miscarriages, ADHD, and asthma.
The document describes several health products including grape seed extract capsules, virgin coconut oil soft gels, cryptomonadales tablets, and sodium ascorbate capsules. It provides information on the contents, packaging, and purported health benefits of each product. The grape seed extract and cryptomonadales are said to help fight cardiovascular issues and cancer. Virgin coconut oil contains medium chain triglycerides claimed to improve energy, digestion, weight loss and immune function. Sodium ascorbate is an alkaline-based vitamin C supplement described as more effective than acidic forms in absorption and duration in the body. Recommended dosages are provided for various health conditions.
Fats play an important role in the body, regulating processes like inflammation and hormone production. There are different types of fats, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats. High quality sources of fats come from healthy animals and plants, and include foods like olive oil, avocados, nuts and fatty fish. Refined vegetable oils are more prone to oxidation and may promote inflammation. A balanced intake of fats supports overall health and well-being.
The document discusses the benefits of the Mediterranean diet. It states that the Mediterranean diet has been found to reduce the risk of heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, diabetes and other health conditions. It then outlines seven key healing factors supported by foods in the Mediterranean diet: oxidative protection, chelated minerals, enzyme nutrition, dietary fiber, healthy fats and plant oils, anti-microbial protection, and collagen support. The document delves into further detail on each of these seven healing factors and how foods in the Mediterranean diet provide these benefits to fuel the body's optimal healing state.
Fish oil supplements may help with weight loss, especially when combined with exercise. However, the benefits are modest - usually an extra 1-2 pounds lost over several weeks compared to a control group. Many studies have limitations like small sample sizes. While fish oil appears to provide some fat loss support, claims that it is a major fat burner are overstated given the limited evidence so far. More research is still needed to understand the effects of fish oil on body composition changes over longer periods.
This document provides information on diabetes, lifestyle modifications, ideal body weight, fiber, antioxidants and various foods. It discusses goals of diabetes therapy like maintaining normal blood glucose and lipid levels. Ideal body weight is calculated using height and factors like body mass index and waist-hip ratio are discussed. Benefits of different foods like fruits, vegetables, fish and healthy oils are summarized. Fiber sources and types are explained. Formation and harm of free radicals and role of antioxidants in protection are briefly covered.
The document discusses the benefits of eating fish, particularly during Lent. It states that fish is high in omega-3 fatty acids which can reduce the risk of heart disease, inflammation, and improve cognitive functioning. It provides recommendations from the USDA for weekly fish consumption. Finally, it provides a recipe for almond and lemon crusted fish.
Zinzino aims to inspire good health with first class products made of best quality ingredients our planet could provide us. Add life to your years with Zinzino's nutritional health concept.
This document discusses the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. It covers the main sources of omega-3s, their proposed mechanisms for reducing atherosclerosis like decreasing inflammation and triglyceride levels, safety concerns regarding fish oil supplements, and research showing correlations between fish oil consumption and reduced risk of heart disease. The marketing of fish oil as a supplement is also examined, noting both approved and less substantiated health claims made about omega-3s.
The document discusses 10 health benefits of eating seafood. It states that seafood is good for heart health as it is low in saturated fat and high in omega-3 fatty acids, which can lower cholesterol and risk of heart disease. Seafood also improves circulation, reduces inflammation, and can ease symptoms of arthritis. Additionally, seafood supports eye health, provides essential nutrients, may prevent asthma and help lung health, and can boost brainpower and mental wellbeing.
The document discusses omega-3 fatty acids, including their types, sources, importance, doses, forms, and extraction methods. It notes that omega-3s are essential fatty acids that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them. The main types - EPA, DHA, and ALA - are found in fatty fish and plants. A variety of health benefits are associated with omega-3 intake, such as reduced inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease. Recommended daily doses vary depending on age, with adults advised to obtain 800-1000mg from supplements or twice weekly fish consumption.
1. Diet lower in carbohydrates seems to lead to increased LDL particle size. However, the effect of diet on LDL particle size is controversial.
2. When carbohydrate intake is high and comparable between groups, the effects of fatty acids like saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat on LDL particle size are also controversial.
3. When on a low carbohydrate diet high in red meat, replacing saturated fat with monounsaturated fat increases LDL particle size.
The document discusses the role of omega-3 fatty acids in preventing coronary heart disease (CHD) among Indians. Indians are at high risk of developing CHD even with low traditional risk factors. The document notes that omega-3 fatty acids from foods like salmon, flaxseeds and walnuts can help lower triglycerides and reduce inflammation. It recommends including sources of both EPA and DHA in the diet for maximum cardiovascular benefits, through foods like fish and algae-derived supplements.
OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEBabie Maibam
Prevention of age-related cognitive decline - a public health challenge.Nutrition, a major lifelong environmental factor, offers promising perspectives.
UNO is a network marketing company that sells health and wellness products. It is led by experienced network marketers and aims to be the number one network marketing opportunity worldwide by providing high-quality products and supporting entrepreneurs. The company's products include supplements like grape seed extract, virgin coconut oil, kryptorganic, and ultima-c vitamin c. These products are described as having various health benefits such as supporting heart health, weight loss, immune function, and more.
GET TO MORE KETO DIET RECIPES FOR YOUR HEALTHY FUTURE TO STAY ALWAYS HEALTHY IN THE FUTURE. The ketogenic diet has become popular.
Studies have found that this very low carb, high fat diet is effective for
weight loss, diabetes, and epilepsy
The Sorrows of Vegetarian — A survey of meat diet risk and vegetarian nutrition tips. Private sharing on 18 March 2013.
討論肉食的健康風險, 素食營養的基本知識. 2013-03-18 私人吹水會.
This document discusses functional foods and their impact on heart health. It defines functional foods as conventional foods that provide additional health benefits. Several foods are identified as having dietary sources associated with reduced heart disease risk, including oats, soy, fish, and red wine. Studies show oats containing beta-glucan can lower cholesterol, while soy protein and fish omega-3 fatty acids also positively impact heart health markers. Tea and red wine consumption may reduce cardiovascular mortality through their antioxidant effects. While evidence supports links between these functional foods and heart health, more research is still needed.
Veganism is on the rise due to growing concerns about the environment and perceived health benefits. However, certain nutrients such as EPA & DHA are difficult to obtain from plant-based diets. Until recently, the only supplemental source of long-chain omega-3s was fish oil. Igennus has recently launched a vegan omega-3 product which combines algae-sourced EPA & DHA with the additional benefit of astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant.
In this hour-long webinar, Dr Danielle Crida discusses:
- The importance of omega-3s and the omega 6:3 ratio
- Vegan options for omega-3 supplementation
- Our new Vegan Omega-3 & Astaxanthin product
- How to assess omega-3 requirements and measure response to supplementation
- Ensuring optimal nutrition on a plant-based diet: common nutrient deficiencies and how to address them
This review article discusses the biologic plausibility of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as an anti-atherosclerotic agent. It summarizes that EPA has beneficial effects on multiple processes in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Specifically, EPA improves endothelial function, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, decreases foam cell formation, inhibits plaque progression, reduces platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The article argues that EPA's effects on these various atherogenic processes provide biologic rationale for its potential clinical benefits in preventing cardiovascular events when used as an adjunct to statin therapy. An ongoing clinical trial called REDUCE-IT aims to evaluate whether EPA reduces cardiovascular risk more
Perilla oil has several potential health benefits according to studies on animals. It may help improve cardiovascular health by reducing substances that cause blood clots. It showed potential for cancer protection by lowering tumor incidence in rats. Perilla oil also appeared to have neurological benefits and improved learning ability in rats compared to other oils. It helped reduce obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet and showed anti-aging effects in animals. Perilla oil also demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy properties.
The document discusses the many health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, which include supporting heart health by lowering triglycerides and risk of heart attack, reducing inflammation, and potentially lowering the risk of diseases like cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Sources of omega-3 fatty acids for vegetarians include canola and flaxseed oils, as fish is the major dietary source for non-vegetarians. The article provides details on how omega-3 fatty acids may specifically benefit conditions like breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, menstrual cramps, pregnancy, miscarriages, ADHD, and asthma.
The document describes several health products including grape seed extract capsules, virgin coconut oil soft gels, cryptomonadales tablets, and sodium ascorbate capsules. It provides information on the contents, packaging, and purported health benefits of each product. The grape seed extract and cryptomonadales are said to help fight cardiovascular issues and cancer. Virgin coconut oil contains medium chain triglycerides claimed to improve energy, digestion, weight loss and immune function. Sodium ascorbate is an alkaline-based vitamin C supplement described as more effective than acidic forms in absorption and duration in the body. Recommended dosages are provided for various health conditions.
Fats play an important role in the body, regulating processes like inflammation and hormone production. There are different types of fats, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats. High quality sources of fats come from healthy animals and plants, and include foods like olive oil, avocados, nuts and fatty fish. Refined vegetable oils are more prone to oxidation and may promote inflammation. A balanced intake of fats supports overall health and well-being.
The document discusses the benefits of the Mediterranean diet. It states that the Mediterranean diet has been found to reduce the risk of heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, diabetes and other health conditions. It then outlines seven key healing factors supported by foods in the Mediterranean diet: oxidative protection, chelated minerals, enzyme nutrition, dietary fiber, healthy fats and plant oils, anti-microbial protection, and collagen support. The document delves into further detail on each of these seven healing factors and how foods in the Mediterranean diet provide these benefits to fuel the body's optimal healing state.
Fish oil supplements may help with weight loss, especially when combined with exercise. However, the benefits are modest - usually an extra 1-2 pounds lost over several weeks compared to a control group. Many studies have limitations like small sample sizes. While fish oil appears to provide some fat loss support, claims that it is a major fat burner are overstated given the limited evidence so far. More research is still needed to understand the effects of fish oil on body composition changes over longer periods.
This document provides information on diabetes, lifestyle modifications, ideal body weight, fiber, antioxidants and various foods. It discusses goals of diabetes therapy like maintaining normal blood glucose and lipid levels. Ideal body weight is calculated using height and factors like body mass index and waist-hip ratio are discussed. Benefits of different foods like fruits, vegetables, fish and healthy oils are summarized. Fiber sources and types are explained. Formation and harm of free radicals and role of antioxidants in protection are briefly covered.
The document discusses the benefits of eating fish, particularly during Lent. It states that fish is high in omega-3 fatty acids which can reduce the risk of heart disease, inflammation, and improve cognitive functioning. It provides recommendations from the USDA for weekly fish consumption. Finally, it provides a recipe for almond and lemon crusted fish.
Zinzino aims to inspire good health with first class products made of best quality ingredients our planet could provide us. Add life to your years with Zinzino's nutritional health concept.
This document discusses the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. It covers the main sources of omega-3s, their proposed mechanisms for reducing atherosclerosis like decreasing inflammation and triglyceride levels, safety concerns regarding fish oil supplements, and research showing correlations between fish oil consumption and reduced risk of heart disease. The marketing of fish oil as a supplement is also examined, noting both approved and less substantiated health claims made about omega-3s.
The document discusses 10 health benefits of eating seafood. It states that seafood is good for heart health as it is low in saturated fat and high in omega-3 fatty acids, which can lower cholesterol and risk of heart disease. Seafood also improves circulation, reduces inflammation, and can ease symptoms of arthritis. Additionally, seafood supports eye health, provides essential nutrients, may prevent asthma and help lung health, and can boost brainpower and mental wellbeing.
The document discusses omega-3 fatty acids, including their types, sources, importance, doses, forms, and extraction methods. It notes that omega-3s are essential fatty acids that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them. The main types - EPA, DHA, and ALA - are found in fatty fish and plants. A variety of health benefits are associated with omega-3 intake, such as reduced inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease. Recommended daily doses vary depending on age, with adults advised to obtain 800-1000mg from supplements or twice weekly fish consumption.
Learn about the Mediterranean diet, including its role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Find out how the Mediterranean diet can help protect and improve your health and increase your odds for a long life.
The document discusses different types of fat found in foods, including saturated, unsaturated, trans, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. It provides information on the health effects of these fats, noting that saturated fats can raise cholesterol levels while unsaturated fats may help improve cholesterol levels. Examples are given of foods that contain different types of fats.
This document summarizes research on omega-3 fatty acids. It defines omega-3 fatty acids and describes their health benefits, including reduced risks of coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death, stroke, some cancers and inflammatory diseases. Key omega-3 fatty acids are ALA (found in plants), EPA and DHA (found mainly in fatty fish). The document provides food sources and serving sizes of ALA, EPA and DHA. It was published by the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, whose mission is to conduct nutrition research and promote public education on healthy living.
Fats are triglycerides composed of fatty acid chains and glycerol. There are three main types: saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated. Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are essential fatty acids that must be obtained through diet. Fats provide energy and have various health benefits, but excess saturated fat intake increases risk of heart disease and other issues. Balancing intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is important for health. Olestra is a fat substitute that provides no calories but can cause digestive issues.
The document provides information on a healthy diet and the major food groups that should be included every day: starchy foods, fats and sugars, fruit and vegetables, protein, and milk and dairy products. It discusses each food group in more detail, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet that incorporates a variety of nutrients from different foods. Key recommendations include eating at least 5 portions of fruits and vegetables per day, choosing unsaturated fats over saturated fats, and obtaining protein from a mix of plant and animal sources. Staying hydrated by drinking water is also highlighted as important for overall health and well-being.
This document discusses the nutritional qualities of fish and the role of peptides in fish. It defines peptides as short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. It describes several types of peptides found in fish, including antifreezing peptides, natriuretic peptides, and antimicrobial peptides. The document discusses the roles of these peptides, such as antifreezing peptides inhibiting ice crystal growth to allow fish to survive in subzero temperatures. The document also discusses collagen, squalene, and other biochemical components found in fish and their functions.
What are some pointers for living a healthy vegetarian or vegan lifestyle in ...Mohit Bansal Chandigarh
According to surveys in India there are around 39% vegetarians and almost 9% of the population is vegan. Many people also convert from non vegetarians to vegetarians or vegans. There are many benefits to vegetarian and vegan diet. Some of the reasons are it is good for heart health, reduces the risk of cancer, helps in lowering blood sugar, prevents diabetes risk, builds bone health , helps in lowering asthama symptoms and many more such benefits. For people who are converting from non vegetarian to vegetarian and vegan diet here are some pointers which will help them to live a healthy life by Mohit Bansal Chandigarh -
Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA that have been shown to provide significant health benefits such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. While flax seed oil contains omega-3 ALA, studies have found it does not provide the same benefits as fish oil because the body cannot efficiently produce EPA and DHA from ALA alone. For these reasons, fish oil is generally a better source of omega-3 fatty acids than flax seed oil for improving health and potentially aiding in weight loss.
How Fish Oil causes brain damage in adults and infants or can can adversely affect your blood sugar. Have a look at this power point presentation to know this and about Prof. Peskin's research and studies.
Andy Woolmer (Salacia Marine) – The Nutritional Benefits of Shellfish (2009)Shellfish Association
This document provides an overview of two publications aimed at promoting the nutritional benefits of shellfish consumption. The publications summarize evidence from nutritional studies showing that shellfish are excellent sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Regular shellfish consumption is associated with reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and neurological conditions such as depression and dementia.
Fish oils contain omega-3 fatty acids that provide numerous health benefits. They can help build muscle mass by reducing cortisol levels and inflammation, enhancing protein synthesis. One study found that 4g/day of fish oil increased muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass in adults. A second study saw similar results in older adults, with omega-3 fatty acids stimulating muscle growth. Fish oils may help prevent sarcopenia, or loss of skeletal muscle mass, in the elderly. They can also lower blood pressure by reducing cortisol levels and vasoconstriction.
Nutrition is one of the most important health and lifestyle factors in the determination of health and disease today. This slideshow is about a forgotten way to approach nutrition.
Nutrition in a nutshell was presented by Catherine Collins at St George's Healthcare NHS Trust as part of a selection of presentations offered to foundation trust members. If your interested in becoming a FT member please email members@stgeorges.nhs.uk
This flyer discusses animal rights, how we can put animal rights into practice in our daily lives, and becoming a member of Animal Rights Advocates.
The flyer is produced by Animal Rights Advocates, who you can find online at: www.ara.org.au
You can find more presentations from Animal Rights Advocates at: http://www.slideshare.net/animalrightsadvocates/
A presentation from a forum organised by Animal Rights Advocates Inc. on the intersections of environmentalism and animal rights - where they converge and where they conflict and how we can move both forward ethically and responsibly.
Animal Rights Advocates Inc. (ARA) is hosting a free forum on May 23rd from 2-5PM at City West Lotteries House in West Perth to discuss how environmental protection and animal rights intersect and sometimes conflict. Representatives from ARA and The Wilderness Society will discuss issues like non-native species, overfishing, and the environmental impacts of animal agriculture, followed by an open discussion on balancing environmental and animal rights interests.
The document outlines the categories for an annual bake off fundraiser, including: Best in Show, Best Decorated Cake, Most Inspirational IDAHo Cake celebrating freedom from discrimination, Best Tasting Vegan Baked Good, Best Tasting Decadent Baked Good, and Best Tasting Healthy Choice Baked Good. Additional categories include Best Entry by a Community Group, student and kids cake decorating categories, and a Professional Cupcake Category for cake companies. Celebrity judges will include people from television and magazines, with entertainment provided.
A party for animal activists and their friends will be held on Saturday, January 2nd from 6-10PM at Earthwise located at 315 Bagot Rd in Subiaco. The event is a New Year's party where attendees are asked to bring a vegan plate to share. There will be live music, door prizes, games, and free stuff along with advocacy information from the animal rights organization ARA.
This document provides contact information for several vegetarian and vegan societies located across Australia. It lists their email addresses and websites to find out more information from these organizations that support and promote vegetarian and vegan lifestyles.
Gary Francione argues that animal welfare is misguided and will not lead to the abolition of animal exploitation. He believes animal rights requires recognizing that animals should not be treated as property and advocates for veganism. While some groups campaign for better treatment of farm animals, Francione rejects this as it suggests exploitation can be acceptable if humane. He also disagrees with those who say animals only care about suffering, not life, and believes they have a right to not be used as commodities like humans.
We treat animals how we used to treat human slaves, with no justification except religious superstition according to Gary Francione, a professor of law and philosopher. Francione argues that animals deserve rights similar to how we no longer accept the domination of humans. The article provides commentary and analysis of our treatment of animals from Francione's perspective.
The document discusses the health benefits and risks of consuming soya. It provides a long history of safe soya consumption dating back thousands of years. It examines soya's nutritional value as a protein and mineral source and its ability to lower cholesterol. Studies show that soya protein, through isoflavones and other components, can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of menopausal hot flashes when consumed as part of the diet.
- Proteins are needed to form muscles, hair, nails, and other molecules, but most diets containing enough calories also contain sufficient protein.
- The document argues that vegetarians and vegans can meet their protein needs through foods like soy, cereals, pulses, nuts and seeds as part of a calorie-sufficient diet.
- Excess protein intake, especially from animal sources, may increase risk of diseases, while plant-based diets use fewer resources and can help address global hunger issues.
This document discusses iron and its sources. It debunks the myth that vegetarians and vegans are at higher risk of iron deficiency due to lack of meat consumption. There are two types of iron - haem iron found in meat which is more easily absorbed, and non-haem plant-based iron which is also well-absorbed. Many plant foods such as lentils, beans, leafy greens, and fortified cereals are excellent sources of iron. Factors like vitamin C can increase iron absorption from plants, while calcium, phytates, and tannins may decrease its absorption. A balanced vegetarian or vegan diet with attention to iron sources can meet or exceed iron needs.
This document provides an alphabetical glossary of animal-derived substances commonly found in food, cosmetics and other products. Each entry briefly explains what the substance is and which animals it comes from. The glossary aims to help consumers identify non-vegetarian ingredients and make ethical purchasing decisions. It also discusses various farming practices and their animal welfare implications.
The document discusses cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart disease and stroke. CVD is the UK's number one killer. It occurs when fatty deposits build up in the arteries, restricting blood flow and oxygen to the heart and brain. A plant-based diet can help prevent and treat CVD in several ways. It is lower in saturated fat and cholesterol than the standard Western diet, and higher in nutrients that support heart health. Factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, obesity, and smoking increase CVD risk, but following a plant-based diet can help regulate these risk factors.
A plant-based diet is the healthiest option for children according to the author. Animal products promote diseases like cancer while vegetarian diets protect health. The document outlines how animal products can cause allergies, intolerances and diseases in children. It recommends encouraging children to adopt a plant-based diet from a young age to promote lifelong good health and reduce disease risk.
This document discusses calcium and bone health. It argues that cow's milk is not the best source of calcium and may actually be harmful. While calcium is important for bone health, the document asserts that physical activity and overall diet and lifestyle are more important factors. It provides numerous plant-based sources of calcium that are easily absorbed and beneficial for bone health, such as leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and beans.
This document discusses vitamin B12 and its role in vegetarian and vegan diets. It notes that while B12 is found naturally in animal foods, vegetarians and vegans can meet their needs through fortified foods. Some key points:
- B12 is produced by bacteria and essential for human health, but many modern diets lack reliable sources. Vegetarians must obtain B12 from fortified foods or supplements.
- Fortified foods like nutritional yeast, cereals, plant milks and meat substitutes provide sufficient B12 to meet recommendations. Proper planning is needed to ensure vegetarians and vegans consume fortified foods regularly.
- Deficiency is more common in the elderly due
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Fish Factsheet
1. Fishing for Facts
Why public health strategy should promote
plant oils in preference to fish oils
by Laura Scott (MSc Nutrition)
VVF Snr Nutritionist
F ish is s e e min gly pro m ote d a s th e n e w p e nicillin. VV F un c overs th e scie n c e to sh ow th at it is pla nt oils
a n d a pla nt b a s e d diet, n ot fish oils, th at are th e re al w a y forw ard for lifelo n g h e alth.
Intro d u ctio n DA RT Tri a l
People are encouraged to believe that a healthy diet is one which It found that males who had been advised to eat as much as 400g
includes fish. The reason being that some fish contain the types of of oily fish per week showed a reduction of almost 30 per cent in
‘good’ fat that our bodies need. There is a widespread mortality (death) over two years. Although there were fewer fatal
misconception amongst the general public and health professionals heart attacks, the total number of heart attacks wasn’t reduced. It
that fish is the only source of these good fats. is thought that fish oils help to normalise heartbeat rhythms and
prevent blood from becoming too sticky and ‘clumping’ (3).
There are two reasons why these ideas have become so well Despite this apparent reduction in risk, a follow-up study 10 years
established. Firstly, much has been made of the healthiness of the later found there were no long-term survival benefits (4).
Mediterranean diet, which is based on generous servings of fruits
and vegetables, cereals and olive oil and where fish is served in G IS SI Tri a l
preference to meat or dairy products. Mealtimes tend to be very This trial looked at people on a Mediterranean diet who had had a
social and this may have profound implications for health. heart attack and survived it. Fish oil supplements equivalent to a
Secondly, a number of studies have examined the effect of fish in whopping 100g of oily fish per day were given and showed a 20
helping to prevent a second heart attack in people who have per cent reduction in mortality (5).
already had one attack and these show some protection benefits.
LY O N Tri a l
F ats in th e Diet This was another secondary prevention trial, but instead of fish or fish
There’s a lot of confusion about fat and diet, but the truth is that our oils, plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids were used. Amazingly, a 70 per
bodies can’t function without it. Eating the right kind of fat is, cent reduction in mortality was achieved - more than double that of
however crucial. What we don’t need are saturated fats, found the fish trials! There was also a significant reduction in coronary
mainly in meat, dairy and animal products, but also in many ‘events’ and these protective effects were found to start quickly (6).
processed foods. These are strongly linked to high blood cholesterol, Four years on, patients were still following the diet and their hearts
hardening of the arteries, coronary heart disease, some cancers and were still being protected (7). Subsequent studies have confirmed the
other degenerative diseases. We do need unsaturated fats - especially power of plant omega-3 fatty acids in protecting the heart (8,9).
polyunsaturated fats.
Pla nt O ils B etter th a n F ish O ils
Within polyunsaturated fats are substances called essential fatty Comparing the three main trials shows that:
acids, or EFAs - namely omega-6 (linoleic acid - LA) and omega-3 • plant oils are far more effective than fish oils in reducing the
fats (linolenic acid - LNA). Although olive oil is not an EFA it is chance of cardiac death in high-risk patients;
another type of unsaturated fat which has some healthy properties • plant oils reduce the risk of dying from secondary heart attack
and it is good to include it in the diet. EFAs - particularly the by more than double that of fish oils;
omega-3 fats - help keep the heart healthy. • plant oils reduce the number of painful, non-fatal heart attacks;
• there are long-term survival benefits from consuming plant oils.
Fish is a source of EFAs, particularly omega-3 fats, but not all fish
contain them. Those that do are principally oily fish such as N o G ain for Lo w-Risk
herring, salmon, mackerel, sardines and fresh tuna. White fish, The trials we’ve written about all looked at people who were at
such as cod, haddock and plaice, don’t and nor does tinned tuna. high risk of a heart attack. Because people are termed ‘low-risk’, it
doesn’t mean they will never have an attack, it simply means they
However, the richest sources of omega-3 fats are not fish at all but are further down the risk scale. They are those who eat low levels
plants. Seed oils such as linseed (flax) and rapeseed (canola) as well of saturated fat and therefore can include vegetarians and vegans
as soya oil are rich sources as are seeds and nuts themselves - (10,11). When researchers looked at low-risk groups they found
particularly walnuts (1). Green leafy vegetables are also a source (2). that eating fish had no effect on reducing their chances of dying
from a heart attack (12).
O m e g a-3 a n d H e art Dis e a s e
It’s been known for a long time that people whose diet is based Toxins in F ish
largely on fish and is rich in omega-3 have low rates of heart disease. Human beings have been so successful at spreading pollution that
This led researchers to investigate whether giving fish to people who environmental contamination is widespread and all oceans now contain
had already suffered a heart attack would prevent them from having toxic chemicals. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are now part of
C h arity num b er: 1037486
another attack. These are ‘secondary prevention trials’ and two of the most food chains and they become more concentrated the higher up
largest are the DART and GISSI trials, which both used fish-based the chain you go. Mercury, organophosphates, PCBs, dioxins, and
omega-3 fats. They did show a reduced risk, but much less publicised radioactive pollution in some fish, are all highly toxic to life.
was the LYON trial, which used plant oils as a source of omega-3
fats. The results of this study showed that plant oils reduced the risk Fatty foods have a tendency to ‘soak’ up toxins and so oily fish are
of a secondary heart attack by at least twice that of fish oils! particularly prone to absorbing them - the toxins are actually stored
VV F, To p S uite , 8 York C o urt, Wild er Stre et, Bristol B S2 8 Q H . Tel: 0117 970 5190. E m ail: info @ ve g etaria n.org.uk We b : www.ve g etaria n.org .uk
2. in the fatty part of the fish. By eating smaller fish, oily fish take on P u blic H e alth Failure
their toxic load and become ever more toxic themselves! POPs are The average UK consumption of oily fish is 53g per person per week
implicated in heart disease, infertility and can harm developing (19). This meagre quantity represents only about a third of a single
foetuses. Responding to a Food Standards Agency 2002 survey, the portion and is a tiny amount compared to the 400g weekly intake of
Consumers’ Association warned that high levels of dioxins and PCBs oily fish which have been used to produce heart benefits in research
in fish and fish oil supplements could “put millions at risk” (13). studies. This shows that all the attempts to get the British public to
eat fish is a spectacular failure.
M erc ury in F ish
Humans should avoid mercury in their diet as it acts like a poison, Altern ativ e s to F ish O ils
affecting their kidneys, heart and central nervous system (CNS). Seeds, nuts, beans and their oils are the richest-known sources of
Exposure to mercury is a particular risk for unborn children where the ‘good’ fats. Green leafy vegetables also contain these essential
the main organs, especially the CNS, are still developing. fats. Walnuts, linseed (flaxseed) and rapeseed oil (canola) are all
According to a government agency, fish eating is responsible for exceptionally rich in omega-3 fats.
the majority of mercury in people’s diets (14). Following a Food
Standards Agency survey of mercury levels in fish, official advice is The best way to buy and store nuts, seeds and their oils is in very
now for pregnant and breastfeeding women to limit how much small quantities and to keep them in the fridge. This helps to
tuna they eat and for them and children under 16 not to eat shark, ensure that they are as fresh as possible. These oils are not suitable
swordfish or marlin at all. (15) for heating as it destroys the beneficial EFAs. Most healthfood
shops and supermarkets sell packets of nuts and seeds and blended
Other studies have found that over 60 per cent of bluefin tuna plant oils - usually marketed as oils rich in omega-3 and omega-6
caught in the Mediterranean exceed EC ‘safety’ figures. fats. They contain information on how much oil to use each day.
Researchers have calculated that some of those people who eat With whole seeds and nuts, a handful each day is normally
high levels of these oily fish will far exceed the World Health sufficient. Olive oil can be used for cooking.
Organisation’s (WHO) ‘safety’ levels (16, 17). A 2000
government study failed to detect any mercury in vegetarian F ishl e ss Fo o d s
diets and concluded, “it is reasonable to assume that because Fish-like substitutes are available thanks to food technologists who
participants in this study did not eat fish, their dietary have produced imitation fish fingers, scampi, tuna and salmon paté
exposures to mercury will be substantially less than those of that actually taste of fish. They are available in most healthfood shops.
the general population” (18).
Inte llig e nt Pu b lic H e a lth Pro m otio n
Prote ct a n d S urviv e Adding fish to the diet will not bring about long-term good health.
One way mercury harms the body is by acting as a potent free Plant-based vegetarian and vegan diets are the best choice for
radical. Free radicals are unstable molecules that damage body cells optimum health.
and the body’s main defence against them are antioxidants - beta-
carotene (converted to vitamin A), and vitamins C and E. Plant S u m m ary
foods are rich in these antioxidants and plant oils are particularly • Plant oils are a far healthier source of the essential fats we need.
rich in vitamin E, which stops EFAs from deteriorating or going • Plant oils halve the risk of heart disease compared with fish oils.
off. Only plant oils, not fish oils, contain protective vitamin E. • Fish is a spectacularly unpopular food in the UK.
• Fish is likely to be contaminated with harmful chemicals.
H o w Mu c h F ish? • Plant oils are far less likely to turn rancid than fish oils.
The FSA seem as muddled as everyone else about how much fish • Plant oils as nuts and seeds are the ultimate fast food.
people should eat each week. Some of its publications say two • Plant-based diets offer protection against many diseases.
servings and others say at least two servings. But, in any case, surveys
show the vast majority of people are unaware of the official advice Our hearts don’t need fish, our brains don’t need fish and our health
and most people are confused by what is meant by oily fish (13). is far better served by plant oils and a well-balanced plant-based diet.
R efere n c e s
1 Buttriss J, 1999. n-3 Fatty Acids And Health. p.1. (BNF) 9 Singh RB et al, 2002. Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean Diet on Progression of
2 Pereira C et al, 2001. The Alpha-Linolenic Acid Content of Green Vegetables Coronary Artery Disease in High Risk Patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart
Commonly Available in Australia. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res.;71(4):223-228. Study): A Randomised Single-Blind Trial. The Lancet;360:1455-1461.
3 Burr ML et al, 1989. Effects of Changes in Fat, Fish and Fibre Intakes on 10 Key TJ et al, 1999. Health Benefits of a Vegetarian Diet. Proc. Nutr Soc.;58:271-275.
Death and Myocardial Reinfarction: Diet And Reinfarction Trial (DART). The 11 ADA Reports. Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of
Lancet;8666:757-761. Canada: Vegetarian Diets. 2003. JADA;103(16):748-765.
4 Ness AR et al, 2002. The Long-Term Effect of Dietary Advice in Men with 12 Marckmann P & Gronbaek M, 1999. Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart
Coronary Disease: Follow-Up of the Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART). Europ. Disease Mortality. A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Europ. J.
J. Clin. Nutr.;56:512-518. Clin. Nutr.;53:585-590.
5 GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators, 1999. Dietary Supplementation with N-3 13 Consumers’ Association, ‘Fish – what’s the catch’, Which?, p.7-9, October 2002.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Vitamin E After Myocardial Infarction: Results 14 COT Statement (2002/04) in December 2002 concerning a FSA survey on the
of the GISSI-Prevenzione Trial. The Lancet;354:447-455. levels of mercury in fish and shellfish.
6 De Lorgeril M et al, 1994. Mediterranean Alpha-Linolenic Acid-Rich Diet in 15 FSA statement ref: 40/2003, Mercury in imported fish and shellfish, UK
Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. The Lancet;343:1454-1459 farmed fish and their products, July 2003.
7 De Lorgeril M et al, 1999. Mediterranean Diet, Traditional Risk Factors and 16 Storelli MM et al, 2002. Total and Methylmercury Residues in Tuna-Fish
the Rate of cardiovascular Complications After Myocardial Infarction. from the Mediterranean Sea. Food Add. And Contam.;19(8):715-720.
Circulation;99:779-785. 17 Storelli MM et al, 2003. Total Mercury and Methylmercury Content in Edible
8 Singh RB et al, 1997. Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of fish from the Mediterranean Sea. J. of Food Protection;66(2):300-303.
Fish Oil and Mustard Oil in Patients with Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction: 18 MAFF, 2000, Duplicate Diet Study of Vegetarians.
The Indian Experiment of Infarct Survival-4. Cardiovas. Drugs and 19 Food Standards Agency, 2002, The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: adults
Therapy;11:485-491. aged 19 to 64 years, HMSO.
This is o n e in a s erie s of VV F fa ctsh e ets. VV F also p u blish a Fishin g for Fa cts re p ort a n d a fish inform atio n le aflet. F or d etails c o nta ct:
VV F, To p S uite , 8 York C o urt, Wild er Stre et, Bristol B S2 8 Q H . Tel: 0117 970 5190. E m ail: info @ ve g etaria n.org.uk We b : www.ve g etaria n.org .uk