Gang life damages communities in several ways. It causes young teenagers to fear leaving their homes because of the risks of being followed, robbed, stabbed or beaten by rival gangs engaged in "postcode wars" over territory. These gangs, which can be based on race, ethnicity or criminal activities, recruit members as young as 8 years old. Last year alone, known gang members in London were responsible for 24 murders, 28 attempted killings, and other violent crimes, according to official police data. Gangs form close bonds, referring to each other as "family," but their activities undermine safety and breed fear in the areas where they operate.