This document provides comprehensive guidelines on first aid and CPR, emphasizing the importance of immediate care to stabilize individuals until professional help arrives. It details essential techniques such as chest compressions, controlling bleeding, managing burns, and responding to choking incidents. Additionally, it highlights the significance of first aid training in enhancing confidence and survival rates during emergencies.

1. First Aid and CPR
LIFE-SAVING TECHNIQUES
SREERAG ASHOKAN, IDIP-NEBOSH , CERT-IOSH , TSP-BCSP
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2. Introduction to First Aid
• First aid refers to the initial care given to an injured or sick
person.
• Its main purpose is to stabilize the condition and prevent
deterioration until medical professionals arrive.
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3. Key Objectives of First Aid
1. Preserve life
2. Prevent worsening of the condition
3. Promote recovery
These principles guide all first aid practices.
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4. CPR: A Vital Procedure
• CPR, or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation,
is used in emergencies when the heart stops beating.
• It restores blood flow to critical organs like the brain and heart.
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5. Basic Steps of CPR
1. Ensure safety and check for responsiveness.
2. Call emergency services immediately.
3. Start chest compressions (2 inches deep).
4. Provide rescue breaths (if trained).
5. Continue until help arrives.
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6. Adult CPR Guidelines
For adults:
- Compression Depth: 2 inches
- Rate: 100-120 compressions per minute
- 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths
- Use an AED (Automated external de- fibrillator )if available.
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7. Child and Infant CPR
Key differences:
- Child: Use one hand for chest compressions.
- Infant: Use two fingers and compress to 1.5 inches.
Be gentler with rescue breaths for infants.
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8. How to Stop Bleeding
Steps to control bleeding:
1. Apply direct pressure to the wound.
2. Elevate the injured area.
3. Use a clean dressing to cover the wound.
4. Seek medical attention if bleeding persists.
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9. Managing Burns
Burn care steps:
1. Cool the burn with running water for 10 minutes.
2. Remove jewelry or tight items.
3. Cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick bandage.
4. Avoid applying creams or oils.
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10. Treating Fractures
First aid for fractures:
1. Immobilize the injured area.
2. Support the limb with a sling or splint.
3. Avoid moving the person unnecessarily.
4. Call for medical help.
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11. The Recovery Position
Use the recovery position for unconscious but breathing individuals:
1. Lay the person on their side.
2. Bend the top leg for stability.
3. Tilt their head back to keep the airway clear.
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12. First Aid Kits: Essentials
A standard first aid kit includes:
- Sterile dressings and bandages
- Antiseptic wipes
- Scissors and tweezers
- CPR mask
- Emergency contact numbers
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13. Choking: Heimlich Maneuver
For a choking adult:
1. Stand behind and wrap your arms around the person.
2. Place a fist above the navel.
3. Perform quick, inward, and upward thrusts.
4. Repeat until the object is expelled.
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14. Signs of a Heart Attack
Heart attack symptoms:
- Chest pain or pressure
- Shortness of breath
- Pain radiating to the arms, neck, or jaw
Call emergency services immediately.
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15. Importance of First Aid
Training
Benefits of training:
- Confidence to act during emergencies
- Reduced recovery time for casualties
- Improved survival rates during critical situations.
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16. Conclusion
⮚ First Aid and CPR are critical skills that save lives.
⮚ By acting quickly and effectively, you can make a significant
⮚ difference in emergencies.
⮚ Always be prepared and trained.
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17. Techshore Institute

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