Firo b

FIRO-B
Fundamental
Interpersonal
Relations
Orientation
Behavior

B
FIRO
Consulting Psychologists Press

History
 1958 Will Schutz, Ph.D.
Submarine Personnel

 1978 Consulting Psychologists
Press

 1996 Revised Self-Scorable

B
FIRO

Self-Awareness = Key
 Personal/Professional Development
 Employee/Management Relations
 Career Development
 Team Building
 Leadership Development
 Emotional Intelligence

B
FIRO

FIRO-B
 The Six Basics:
Expressed Inclusion (eI)
Wanted Inclusion (wI)
Expressed Control (eC)
Wanted Control (wC)
Expressed Affection (eA)
Wanted Affection (wA)

B
FIRO

Your FIRO-B Results: How to
Score the Self-Scorable
Inclusion Control Affection
• recognition • influence • closeness
• belonging • leading • warmth
• participation • responsibility • sensitivity

Expressed
Behavior
eI eC eA
TOTAL
• what I prefer to do EXPRESSED
• how much I initiate eI+eC+eA
• observable action

Wanted
wI wC wA
TOTAL
Behavior WANTED
• how much I want
others to initiate wI+wC+wA
• how much I prefer
to be the recipient

TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL OVERALL
INCLUSION CONTROL AFFECTION expressed
+
eI+wI eC+wC eA+wA wanted

B
FIRO

How Others May See You
Inclusion

High Wanted Inclusion
1. May take rejection as
devastating.
2. May think being away is
missing the action.
3. May take lack of
acknowledgment as negative

B
FIRO

Inclusion

Low Wanted Inclusion
1. May feel invitations are
obligations.
2. May not want to be singled
out.
3. May consider group time
wasteful.

B
FIRO

Affection

High Wanted Affection
1. May find a lack of concern
as insensitive
2. May need continuous
feedback.
3. May find distance from
others a personal loss.

B
FIRO

Affection

Low Wanted Affection
1. May find reassurances as
superficial
2. May become offended by
personal questions.
3. May find emotions as
distracting - even your own.

B
FIRO

Control

High Wanted Control
1. May perceive any
structuring as inadequate
2. May consider standard
procedures as important
3. May take sole
responsibility as burdensome

B
FIRO

Control

Low Wanted Control
1. May not want any control.
2. May feel pressured by
plans and stressed by
structure.
3. May find competitive
behavior annoying.

B
FIRO

FIRO-B
 An instrument for emotional
intelligence awareness
 Self-Awareness

 Communication

 Building Relationships
 Conflict Management

B
FIRO

FIRO-B
 What it does:
Aids in understanding one’s
behavior and its effect on others
Increases your awareness of your
natural strengths and weaknesses
Suggests possibilities for
improving the way you relate to
others
B
FIRO

FIRO-B
 When to use it:
Almost anytime - It is short,
quick to take and score, and
surprisingly insightful. It is
often used to compliment other
instruments.

B
FIRO

Learning Objectives
 History
 Theory
 FIRO-B Model
 Administration & Interpretation
Guidelines
results = strengths
patterns
 Application Exercises

B
FIRO

Learning Objectives (cont.)
 Case Studies
 personal relationship growth
 team building
 career development
 management development

 Research
 organizational
 correlations with the MBTI®
 Tools for Interpretation

B
FIRO

Theory
 Individual Motivated by THREE
Interpersonal Needs
 Inclusion: the amount of belonging,
attention, and recognition desired in
social settings.
 Control: the level of influence,
structure, and responsibility desired.
 Affection:
the level of rapport, warmth,
and support desired.

B
FIRO

Theory
 The FIRO-B helps give insight into a
client’s degree of interpersonal
understanding on several levels:
 Inclusion: The willingness to include
others or be included.
 Control:The willingness to manage
and be managed.
 Affection: The willingness to express
and receive affection
 The Flexibility to know when to call
these things into play.

B
FIRO

Theory
Group Development

Inclusion Issues

Control Issues

Affection Issues

B
FIRO

Theory
Group Development

Should I go for
a boat ride?

Who is running the motor?

What is my relationship
to others on the boat?

Self-Awareness

B
FIRO

The FIRO-B Model: Page 4
Introduction to FIRO-B in Organizations

INCLUSION (I) CONTROL (C) AFFECTION (A)

Expressed
(e)

Wanted
(w)

B
FIRO

The FIRO-B Model


Expressed I make an effort to include
others in my activities. I try
I try to exert control and
influence over things. I enjoy
I make an effort to get close
to people. I am comfortable
(e) to belong, to join social organizing things and expressing personal feelings
groups— to be with people directing others. and I try to be supportive of
as much as possible. others.

Wanted
(w)

B
FIRO

The FIRO-B Model


Expressed
(e)

I want other people to invite I feel most comfortable I want others to act warmly
me to belong. I enjoy it when working in well-defined toward me. I enjoy it when
others notice me. situations. I try to get clear people share their feelings
expectations and instructions. with me and when they
Wanted encourage my efforts.

(w)

B
FIRO

The FIRO-B Model


I make an effort to include I try to exert control and I make an effort to get close
Expressed others in my activities. I try influence over things. I enjoy to people. I am comfortable
(e) to belong, to join social
groups— to be with people
organizing things and
directing others.
expressing personal feelings
and I try to be supportive of
as much as possible. others.
I want other people to invite I feel most comfortable I want others to act warmly
me to belong. I enjoy it when working in well-defined toward me. I enjoy it when
others notice me. situations. I try to get clear people share their feelings
expectations and instructions. with me and when they
Wanted encourage my efforts.

(w)

B
FIRO

B
FIRO

FIRO-B Administration-
General
 Average time = 10 minutes
 54 Items
 Six questions with nine variations
 Group or individual administration
 Guttman scoring method
 Self-scorable/on-site scoring

B
FIRO

FIRO-B Administration-
Specific
 Establish a non-threatening
atmosphere
 Give an overview of the purpose
 Emphasize non-
judgmental/developmental
 Repetitive items yet independent
 Pass it out/others sit quietly
 Prediction of scores before scoring

B
FIRO

Revised Self-Scorable (10
Minutes)

“ Some items may seem similar to
others. However, each item is
different, so please answer each one
without regard to the others or
without trying to be consistent.”

B
FIRO

Two Dimensions of Interpersonal
Needs

• recognition • influence • closeness
• belonging • leading • warmth
• participation • responsibility • sensitivity

Expressed
Behavior
• what I prefer to do
• how much I initiate
• observable action
eI eC eA
Wanted
Behavior
• how much I want
others to initiate
• how much I prefer
wI wC wA
to be the recipient

B
FIRO

FIRO-B Individual Cell
Scores: View Your Personal
Cell Scores
eI eC eA
expresse expresse expresse
d d d
inclusio control affection
n

wI wC wA
wanted wanted wanted
inclusio control affection
n

 0, 1, 2 LOW Behaviors are rarely displayed
by you
 3, 4, 5, 6 MEDIUM Behaviors will be a noticeable
characteristic of you, but only
some of the time
 7, 8, 9 HIGH Behaviors are a noticeable
characteristic of you in most
situations

B
FIRO

Strength of Your Interpersonal
Needs:

Total Need Total Need Total Need
for for for

Low = 0 to 5 Medium = 6 to 12 High = 13 to 18
Highest Score =
 Most comfortable interpersonal area

 Need area you will be the least willing to sacrifice
in social situations

 Situations that satisfy this need will be those you
return to often

B
FIRO

Total Behavior: Expressed

0 to 7 (Low)

8 to 19 (Medium)

20 to 27 High

B
FIRO

Total Behavior: Wanted

0 to 7 (Low)

8 to 19 (Medium)

20 to 27 High

B
FIRO

Total Behavior
Expressed Needs > Wanted
Needs
 keep others at a distance to avoid unwanted
behaviors
 only accept behaviors from particular people
 mislead people making conclusions based on
expressed behavior

Expressed Needs < Wanted
Needs
 may feel inhibited
 may be dissatisfied that you are not getting what
you want
 could grow attached to people who give you
what you want

Expressed = Wanted
 may be cautious

B
FIRO

Strength of Your Interpersonal Needs:
Overall Need Score (page 7)

See Bottom Right-Hand
Corner
0-15 LOW
Involvement with others not primary
source of need satisfaction.
Intellectual stimulation or solitary
pursuits predominate.
16-26 MEDIUM-LOW
Involvement sometimes a source of
satisfaction, depending on people and
context.
27-38 MEDIUM-HIGH
Involvement is usually source of
satisfaction.
39-54 HIGH
Involvement with others enjoyable
and satisfying.

B
FIRO

Patterns of Need Fulfillment--
Inclusion (page 10)

High Expressed Inclusion (eI) Low Expressed Inclusion (eI)

I include others and like to be included. I form relationships based on common
I enjoy the opportunity to provide input. interests and skills.
High Wanted I don’t like to get cut off from information I’d rather “play it safe” than let others
Inclusion (wI) and updates. know that I want to be included.
I wait for others to invite me to join them.
I get many invitations but I often turn I prefer working with a small group of
them down or don’t show up. people.
I pick and choose which company social I avoid forming too many friendships at
Low Wanted events to attend. work.
Inclusion (wI) I have a select group of people that I enjoy I may discourage invitations to company
working with. social events.

B
FIRO

Control (page 11)

High Expressed Control (eC) Low Expressed Control (eC)

I like to provide structure for others. I accept control from those in authority.
I work very hard and then “kick back” and I am not interested in gaining influence.
let others run the show. I am a loyal and cooperative follower.
High Wanted
I relate well to authorities in the
Control (wC)
organization.
I enjoy taking control and being recognized. I prefer not to make important decisions.
I am uncomfortable delegating I don’t want to be closely supervised.
responsibility. I can be stubborn and rebellious.
Low Wanted I can be very competitive and demand
Control (wC) perfection from others.

B
FIRO

Affection (page 11)

High Expressed Affection (eA) Low Expressed Affection (eA)

I am friendly, open, and optimistic. I believe that too much self-disclosure is
I value trustworthiness. unprofessional.
High Wanted I have difficulty controlling interruptions I know more about colleagues than they
Affection (wA) at work. know about me.
I may have difficulty saying “no” to
requests to take on more work.
I am generally friendly but I am selective I tend to be task-oriented and business-
about close relationships. like.
I use praise to motivate others but find it I feel uncomfortable with expressiveness
Low Wanted unnecessary myself. or affection at work.
Affection (wA) I limit close working relationships to a I enjoy my privacy.
select few.

B
FIRO

Firo b

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Editor's Notes