Definition of Financial Literacy
Assess the level of personal financial literacy using set of standards and questions;
Characterize financial literacy in the Philippines
Practical steps to develop personal financial literacy.
2. What is Financial Literacy?
According to National Endowment for Financial Education, Financial
Literacy define as; the ability to use knowledge and skills to manage one’s
financial resources effectively for lifetime financial security.
3. Hastings et al refers to Financial Literacy as:
Knowledge of financial products
Knowledge of financial concepts
Mathematical skills or numeracy necessary for effective financial
decision making
Engaged in certain activities such as financial planning
4. Standards and Key Concepts:
STANDARDS
Earning Income
KEY CONCEPTS
Received by people
Different types of Jobs as
well as different forms of
income earned or received
Benefits and costs of
increasing income through
the acquisition of education
and skills
Government programs that
affect income
Types of income and taxes
Labor market
5. STANDARDS
Buying goods and services
KEY CONCEPTS
Scarcity, choice, and
opportunity cost
Factors that influence
spending choices, such as
advertising, peer pressure,
and spending choices of
others
Comparing the cost and
benefits of spending
decision
Basics of budgeting and
planning
6. STANDARDS
Savings
KEY CONCEPTS
Concept of saving and interest
How people save money, where
people can save money, and
why people save money
The role that financial
institutions plays as
intermediaries between savers
and borrowers
The role government agencies
such as the Federal Deposits
Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
play in protecting savings
deposit.
7. STANDARDS
Savings
KEY CONCEPTS
Role of markets in determining
interest rates
The mathematics of saving
The power of compound interest
Real versus nominal interest rates
Present versus future value
Financial Regulators
The factor determining the value
of a person’s savings over time
Automatic savings plan, “rainy-
day” funds
Savings for retirement
8. STANDARDS
Using Credit
KEY CONCEPTS
Concept of credit and the cost of
using credits
Why people use credit and the
sources of credit
Basic calculations related to
borrowing (principal, interest,
compound interest)
Credits reports and credits
scores
Behavior that contribute to
strong credit reports and scores
9. STANDARDS
Using Credit
KEY CONCEPTS
Impact credits reports and scores
on consumers
Consumers protection laws
10. STANDARDS
Protecting and Insuring
KEY CONCEPTS
Concepts of financial risk and
loss
Insurance (transfer of risk
through risk pooling)
Managing risk
Identity theft
Life insurance product
How to protect oneself against
identity theft
11. STANDARDS
Financial Investing
KEY CONCEPTS
Concept of financial investment
Variety of possible financial
investment
Calculate rates of return
Relevance and calculation of real
and after-taxes rates of return
How many markets cause rates of
return to change in response to
variation in risk maturity
12. STANDARDS
Financial Investing
KEY CONCEPTS
How diversification can reduce
risk
How financial markets react to
changes in marketing conditions
and information
13. Benifits of Financial Literacy:
It enables people to understand and apply knowledge and skills to
achieve a lifestyle that is financially balanced, sustainable, ethical and
responsible.
14. Financial Literacy in the Philippines:
World bank study in 2014 estimated 20 million Filipinos saved money but only
half had a bank account;
Asian development(ADB) study in 2015 revealed that Philippines does not
have a national strategy for financial education and literacy;
In 2016, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas(BSP) released the national strategy for
financial inclusion, stating that while institutions strive to broaden financial
services, financial literacy should also complement such initiatives;
15. Financial Literacy in the Philippines:
As per standard & Poor’s (S&P) ratings services survey last year, only 25% of
Filipinos are financially literate. 75% of Filipinos have no idea about inflation,
risk, diversification, insurance, compound interest, and bank savings;
10 years after discovery of the stock market, still less than 1% of Filipinos is
invested in it;
More than 80% of the working middle class have no formal financial plan.
(Go, 2017)
16. Financial Literacy in the Philippines:
• BSP organized the very first Financial Education stakeholders Expo
last November 27-28, 2018.
• The expo supports RA No. 10922;
• Also aligned with the objectives of the Philippine national Strategy for
Financial inclusion.
17. Six types on how people view money:
PLEASURE
FRUGAL
STATUS INDIFFERENCE
SELF-
WORTH
POWERFUL