The document discusses different types of earthmoving equipment used in construction projects including excavators, loaders, rippers, trucks, and hauling equipment. It provides detailed descriptions and comparisons of different types of excavators such as crawler excavators, wheeled excavators, compact excavators, backhoe loaders, dragline excavators, bucket wheel excavators, long reach excavators, power shovels, suction excavators, and clamshell excavators. The excavators are used for digging trenches, holes, foundations, material handling, demolition, grading, and other earthmoving tasks.

1. TYPES OF EARTHWORK
EQUIPMENT
ANOOP J CHANDRAN
ROLL NO: 411704
3/12/2019
1

2. TOPICS TO BE HANDLE
▪ EXCAVATORS
▪ LOADERS
▪ RIPPERS
▪ TRUCKS & HAULLING EQUIPMENT
3/12/2019
2

3. EXCAVATORS
3/12/2019 3

4. EXCAVATORS
▪ Excavators are heavy equipment consisting of a boom, bucket and cabin
on a rotating platform (known as the "house").
▪ The house sits on an under carriage with tracks or wheels.
▪ All movement and functions of the excavator are accomplished through
the use of hydraulic fluid, be it with rams or motors.
▪ Performance of excavator can be measured from the production cycle.
▪ It is the time that an excavator took to load the bucket from source,
swing, dump, return back and dig again.
3/12/2019
4

5. 3/12/2019
5

6. CRAWLER EXCAVATOR
▪ Runs on two endless tracks (chain wheel system)
▪ Used in hilly areas where risks of sliding of machinery
▪ Has low ground pressure because of spreading of
load on large area
▪ Also used where soil support is weak
3/12/2019
6

7. WHEELED EXCAVATOR
▪ Runs on wheels
▪ Used for excavation and loading of dump trucks and most of the time it
is only used for plain ground
▪ Not suitable for hilly areas due to low grip value
3/12/2019
7

8. USES OF EXCAVATORS
▪ Digging of trenches, holes and foundations
▪ Material handling
▪ Forestry work
▪ Demolition
▪ General grading/landscaping
▪ Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes
▪ Mining
▪ River dredging
▪ Driving piles, in conjunction with a Pile Driver
3/12/2019
8

9. ATTACHMENTS IN EXCAVATORS
BACK HOE BUCKET
LOADER BUCKET
3/12/2019
9

10. MULTI GRAPPLE
BOTTOM DUMP BUCKET
3/12/2019
10

11. SCISSORS
ROCK DRILLS
3/12/2019
11

12. TYPES OF EXCAVATORS
▪ COMPACT EXCAVATOR
▪ BACKHOE LOADER
▪ DRAGLINE EXCAVATOR
▪ BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR
▪ LONG REACH EXCAVATOR
▪ POWER SHOVEL
▪ SUCTION EXCAVATOR
▪ CLAMSHELL EXCAVATOR
3/12/2019
12

13. COMPACT EXCAVATOR
▪ compact or mini excavator is tracked or wheeled vehicle
▪ operating weight from 0.7 to 7.5 tons
▪ generally includes a standard backfill blade and features independent
boom swing
3/12/2019
13

14. ADVENTAGES
▪ Better maneuverability
▪ Lower fuel expenses
▪ Lighter footprint
▪ Less noise
3/12/2019
14

15. 3/12/2019
15

16. BACKHOE LOADER
▪ Also called a loader backhoe
▪ Heavy equipment vehicle that consists of tractor fitted
with a shovel/bucket on the front and a small backhoe on the back
▪ Very common in urban engineering and small construction projects
3/12/2019
16

17. 3/12/2019
17

18. 3/12/2019
18

19. DRAGLINE EXCAVATOR
▪ heavy equipment used in civil engineering and surface mining
▪ smaller types are used for road and port construction
▪ larger types are used in strip mining operations
▪ dragline bucket system consists of a large bucket which is suspended from a
boom (a large truss-like structure) with wire ropes
▪ bucket is maneuvered by means of a number of ropes and chains. The hoist
rope, powered by large diesel or electric motors
▪ Size of Buckets
▪ Light : for handling loose, dry soil, sand & gravel
▪ Medium : for handling clays & compacted gravel
▪ Large : for handling hard materials & broken rocks
3/12/2019
19

20. 3/12/2019
20

21. 3/12/2019
21

22. APPLICATIONS
▪ It is the most suitable machine for dragging softer material and below its
track level
▪ It has long reaches.
▪ It is mostly used in the excavation for canals and depositing on the
embankment without hauling units.
3/12/2019
22

23. BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR
▪ heavy equipment used in surface mining and civil engineering
▪ primary function of BWE is to act as a continuous digging machine in
large-scale open pit mining operations
3/12/2019
23

24. 3/12/2019
24

25. 3/12/2019
25

26. LONG REACH EXCAVATOR
▪ development of the excavator with an especially long boom arm
▪ primarily used for demolition
3/12/2019
26

27. 3/12/2019
27

28. POWER SHOVEL
▪ Long-lasting and useful class of earth moving equipment
▪ Capable of excavating all types of earth except hard rock
▪ Size of power shovel varies from 0.375-1.05m3
▪ It may be crawler mounted or wheel mounted shovels
3/12/2019
28

29. 3/12/2019
29

30. 3/12/2019
30

31. APPLICATIONS
 Suitable for close range work
 Capable of digging very hard materials & remove big boulders
 Used in digging in gravel banks , clay pits , digging cuts in road works ,
road-side berms etc.
 Types of shovel bucket
 Front dump
 Bottom dump
3/12/2019
31

32. SUCTION EXCAVATOR
▪ Also known as a vacuum excavator
▪ Removes earth from a hole on land or removes heavy debris on land
▪ The end of the tube may be toothed helps to cut earth when used for
excavating
▪ Air lance water jet is used to loosen the earth before sucking it out
3/12/2019
32

33. 3/12/2019
33

34. CLAMSHELL EXCAVATOR
▪ This is so named due to resemblance of its bucket to a clam which is like
a shell-fish with hinged double shell.
▪ The front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially designed
bucket loosely attached at the end through cables as in a drag line.
▪ The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in cubic meters.
▪ The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line, hoist line,
sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge.
▪ Types of bucket
▪ Light bucket : for handling loose materials
▪ Heavy bucket : digging purpose
3/12/2019
34

35. 3/12/2019
35

36. APPLICATION
• Digging & dumping in vertical plane
• Digging trenches
• Dredging purpose
• Where accurate dumping required
3/12/2019
36