FRAMEWORK FOR PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN FINANCING LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS :
A CASE OF KENYA
This short artifact has been designed with general public, legislators and private investor financiers and all those who have a role in managing development finances in mind.
The paper discusses the importance for Private sector involvement in infrastructural development projects through formal public-private partnerships (PPPs). However, it is clear that PPPs are not possible without a concrete framework to induce private sector to action.
The paper makes it concise that the framework should seek to harmonize the Public-Private risk-return objectives in order to attract private long-term investments with assurance of a stable return.
According to this artifact, other than private sector risk-return perspective; corruption, lack of transparency, unstable political climate are great impediments to private sector involvement to infrastructural developments.
Innovation’s Role in Mobilizing Private Financing Javier Mozó
Final presentation of the World Bank MOOC "Financing for Development / Billions to Trillions to Action". This PPT was made in Dec 2015. Its been some time and therefore Caaapital has changed a bit in its focus and tools, but the core objectives and ideas shown on this presentation remain the same.
What financial tools do African countries have at their disposal to finance infrastructure projects? Exploring the role of development finance in addressing Africa’s infrastructure needs
Innovation’s Role in Mobilizing Private Financing Javier Mozó
Final presentation of the World Bank MOOC "Financing for Development / Billions to Trillions to Action". This PPT was made in Dec 2015. Its been some time and therefore Caaapital has changed a bit in its focus and tools, but the core objectives and ideas shown on this presentation remain the same.
What financial tools do African countries have at their disposal to finance infrastructure projects? Exploring the role of development finance in addressing Africa’s infrastructure needs
Presented at the 4th Global Infrastructure Basel Summit 21 & 22 May 2014. Read more at www.gib-foundation.org.
Next Summit: 27 & 28 May 2015 in Switzerland
Decentralization and Coordination of Government Agencies for the Implementati...Mauricio Portugal Ribeiro
Presentation on the Decentralization and Central Coordination of Government Agencies/Deparments for the Implementation of PPP Program. This presentation was first done in PPPI Days, 2006, which is a seminar organized by the World Bank Institute that used to be accessible only to the PPP Unit heads.
Evaluating Financial Condition of Local GovernmentsRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Strengthening Training of Trainers Workshops on The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
How can the financial system serve a green and inclusive economy?IIED
In May 2014, Nick Robins, co-director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Inquiry into the Design of a Sustainable Financial System, discussed "How can the financial system serve a green and inclusive economy?" in a Critical Theme seminar hosted by IIED.
In the seminar, Robins outlined the rationale behind UNEP's new Inquiry into the Design of a Sustainable Financial System, which has been tasked to deliver policy recommendations in 2015 that could help underpin the implementation of the new Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris climate agreement.
More details: http://www.iied.org/economics.
September 2013 I was invited to speak at the Property Casualty Insurers Association of America's Investment Seminar on the topic of Alternative Investments.
TOPIC: Survey Says: Tax Reform & Client Planning - What Advisors Are Seeing &...theBurgessGroup
MARKET TREND: Change creates opportunity. Facing uncertainty head-on with proactive, flexible planning can allay client concerns and give them a sense of control.
SYNOPSIS: While President Trump and the Republican-controlled
Congress have promised major tax reform, uncertainty remains as to the
final outcome. Despite this, the advisors surveyed indicate that many clients are still moving forward if the planning approaches satisfy their practical needs and provide flexibility.
Societies in Kenya are registered under the Societies Act. Political parties, Churches, Welfare associations, Sports associations, and Private members clubs can all be registered under the societies Act as Societies.
Presented at the 4th Global Infrastructure Basel Summit 21 & 22 May 2014. Read more at www.gib-foundation.org.
Next Summit: 27 & 28 May 2015 in Switzerland
Decentralization and Coordination of Government Agencies for the Implementati...Mauricio Portugal Ribeiro
Presentation on the Decentralization and Central Coordination of Government Agencies/Deparments for the Implementation of PPP Program. This presentation was first done in PPPI Days, 2006, which is a seminar organized by the World Bank Institute that used to be accessible only to the PPP Unit heads.
Evaluating Financial Condition of Local GovernmentsRavikant Joshi
PPT presented in Strengthening Training of Trainers Workshops on The Financial Foundation of Local Government Based on Local Government Financial Management Series of UN-HABITAT during June 4- 15 2007 - Nadi, Fiji
How can the financial system serve a green and inclusive economy?IIED
In May 2014, Nick Robins, co-director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Inquiry into the Design of a Sustainable Financial System, discussed "How can the financial system serve a green and inclusive economy?" in a Critical Theme seminar hosted by IIED.
In the seminar, Robins outlined the rationale behind UNEP's new Inquiry into the Design of a Sustainable Financial System, which has been tasked to deliver policy recommendations in 2015 that could help underpin the implementation of the new Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris climate agreement.
More details: http://www.iied.org/economics.
September 2013 I was invited to speak at the Property Casualty Insurers Association of America's Investment Seminar on the topic of Alternative Investments.
TOPIC: Survey Says: Tax Reform & Client Planning - What Advisors Are Seeing &...theBurgessGroup
MARKET TREND: Change creates opportunity. Facing uncertainty head-on with proactive, flexible planning can allay client concerns and give them a sense of control.
SYNOPSIS: While President Trump and the Republican-controlled
Congress have promised major tax reform, uncertainty remains as to the
final outcome. Despite this, the advisors surveyed indicate that many clients are still moving forward if the planning approaches satisfy their practical needs and provide flexibility.
Societies in Kenya are registered under the Societies Act. Political parties, Churches, Welfare associations, Sports associations, and Private members clubs can all be registered under the societies Act as Societies.
Introducing Horse Welfare Officers - for Clubs, Events & Activities April 2014Horse SA
A presentation for horse related clubs, events and activity organisers, promoting the introduction of Horse Welfare Officers. Delivered to McLaren Districts Riding Club & Aldinga Bay Riding Club members, South Australia, 26 April 2014. Visit http://www.horsesa.asn.au/events/event/ for upcoming events.
"Disinvestment policy of india" Project workNikhil Gupta
This Project report will give an Idea about the "Disinvestment Policy of India". The project work gives an idea about the Approaches, Objectives, Importance, Criticism, Challanges of the Disinvestment Policy. It will give an idea about the amount received by Disinvestment in India. The project report covers the Union Budget of India 2017.
Unlocking financial opportunities for the attainment of sustainable Developme...Tunde Ekundayo
“Unlocking Financial Opportunities for the Attainment of Sustainable Development in Africa” explored the prevailing experience of Africa about the need for financial resources, as well as the obstacles and modalities requires to successfully mobilise financial resources for the development of infrastructure in Africa towards the attainment of SDGs by 2030. The piece is designed to give a quick run-down of the essentials of infrastructural development as well as financial mobilisation for policymakers, development practitioners and other stakeholders.
Public Sector finance as a catalyst for Private Investment for DevelopmentPhilip Ansong
This is an informative digital artifact aimed at enlightening people new to the development financing agenda and people with interest in acquiring knowledge on how development projects are financed and given direction. Here we look at how domestic and international Public Sector finance can be used as a catalyst to crowd in private financial flows for Private Investment for Development. we look at how risk/return considerations of private finance can achieve a social impact if leveraged properly by public sector finance measures.
Presentation Session 1: Luigi de Pierris
ISMED Annual Conference, Defining a Way Forward for Infrastructure Investment in the Middle-East and North Africa (MENA)
4 December 2014 - Paris, France
Public investments can boost economy more than private onesALTAX Consulting
The general idea is that if a critical mass of small investments is undertaken simultaneously the average social return will be much higher than the average private return, because they will create demand for each other, and overcome coordination failures that keep private market economies in a low-income equilibrium.
Addressing poverty with community developement bonds sola bickerstethSola Bickersteth
Poverty in our society can be substantially reduced by 1. creating Financial Inclusion Centers ( FIC) in local communities 2. Deploying professionally competent Financially Services Agents to operate the FIC 3. Building a bio-metric database and on boarding of the residents , properties and resources in the community 4. Conducting a community development stakeholder needs assessment 5. Negotiate tax breaks with the Local/state government 6. Issue a Community Development Bond on the local stock exchange 7. Implement a digital repayment system by all on boarded community stakeholders
Financing the 2030 SDGs with Community Development Bonds sola bickerstethSola Bickersteth
Community Development ( CD ) Bonds are proposed to raise finance directly from local citizens through the capital market and to be invested in major infrastructure projects especially those aligned to achieving the SDGs..
The proposed CID Bonds provides for a mechanism for sharing public sector risk with private sector reward as well as a sustainable model for financing community development.
This article sets out the basic framework for issuing Community Development ( CD) Bonds and provides answers to the various components of a successful implementation in Nigeria
Running Head Research on problems on public funds investing in Lo.docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: Research on problems on public funds investing in Local government 7
Research on problems on public funds investing in local governments
Shekima Jacob
South University
Introduction
Due to the office of the office of the state’s Treasurer interest on the idea to develop a resource to guide the local government in consideration of the statutory investment plans and strategy for the experienced problems in local government funds ("RCW 39.59.01.", 2017). This article covers all sorts of the investments related to the local government state of law, potential risks investment sound programs elements and the public fund's investment pitfalls. The research goes ahead and provides sources to other resources which are experienced by the investors who have a mind of having best industry implementation minds, therefore the article develops plans as a guide to the investors in the local government of various sections in more significant ways and other investors to be specific.
The prudence of investments
In the process of successful investment there have been the existence of the problem for the investors to have liquidity and safety funds in the first and foremost objective whereby there is the maximization of returns of which tend to operate on the legality bounds. The right thing in this process is the definition of the procedures and strategies on objectives pursuit. The opportunities and investing and risks are supposed to be managed so that there is adequate security because of the fund's availability where the next step must be adding to revenue stream to the individual objectives. The local government managers in investment plans found not to be cooperative to the standard of “prudent person” where the recommendation should be of return and risk in time horizon decisions to be followed by the investor accurately.
The policy of investment
As a requirement of investment strategy is to be anchored by an investment policy that is structured well. In this case, there was a failure in the parameters, objectives, and benchmarks of the portfolio as it was not reviewed frequently. Since the policy is set for the protection of the officers in the entity local government involved and has secured information to the community dealer for much coverage, it was not followed by the suit. The best witnessed for this case is through the local government encouragement by the State Treasurer when the submission of the policies was made thus offering the investment certification system program. Therefore, the major aspect that acted as hindrance to many was financing plans undermined for application.
Finding of eligible investments
Since there is the restriction on the local government to ensure that public assets liquidity, a section of the responsible officers in the ministry reasonable to undertake eligible test to list the investment into the statute list, acted as a hindrance in this process thus making it an inconvenience. ...
ODA for Capacity Building in the Social Enterprise- and the SME-Sector in IndiaMartin Vogelsang PhD
Based on my long-standing experience as impact investor in India I would like to suggest that Official Development Assistance (ODA) coming into the country is disbursed more strongly towards capacity building (training, education) and supporting the incubation of viable social enterprises and inclusive businesses catering to the “Base-of-the-Pyramid”. Investing into this area of the Indian economy would not only help alleviate to poverty and at least partly solve some of the grave environmental problems the country is facing. Such an initiative could also help India’s corporate sector become more engaged in creating and scaling innovative solutions in the areas of technology or financial services that could open up new markets for them.
FRAMEWORK FOR PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN FINANCING LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS :
A CASE OF KENYA
This short artifact has been designed with general public, legislators and private investor financiers and all those who have a role in managing development finances in mind.
The paper discusses the importance for Private sector involvement in infrastructural development projects through formal public-private partnerships (PPPs).
It is clear that PPPs are not possible without a concrete framework to induce private sector to action.
FRAMEWORK FOR PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN FINANCING LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS :
A CASE OF KENYA
This short artifact has been designed with general public, legislators and private investor financiers and all those who have a role in managing development finances in mind.
The paper discusses the importance for Private sector involvement in infrastructural development projects through formal public-private partnerships (PPPs).
It is clear that PPPs are not possible without a concrete framework to induce private sector to action.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
1. FRAMEWORK FOR PRIVATE SECTOR
INVOLVEMENT IN FINANCINGLONG-TERM
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS:
A CASE OF KENYA
A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) involves the private
sector in aspects of provisions of infrastructure and
services that have traditionally been offered by
governments. Private companies finance projects and
provide expertise to ease fiscal constraints and increase
efficiency. By engaging the private sector and giving it
defined responsibilities; governments broaden their
options for delivering better services.
The infrastructure development is vital and cannot be
done away with since the benefits are enormous and cut
across both national and international economies,
including, in the long-term, a promise for a healthier
operating environment for the businesses thus a
multiplier effect on return on investments and a boost to
the generaleconomies. Moreover, the urgency with
which such developments are needed is very high and
cannot wait for the constraint public resources to finance
all of them. It is desirable the private sector chipped in
essential part of its resources in enhancing the initiation
and implementation of these development projects.
Private resources are usually weightier in size as
compared to public resources. In Kenya,although the
urgency levels for infrastructural development are
demanding, the private sector has not been material
contributor to national developments due to the private
2. sector risk-return perspective and other obstacles
discussed in this paper.
This makes it urgent for a precise framework to be set up
outlining the procedures on how private resources can be
unlocked and channeled to the financing of long-term
development projects while ensuring a meeting point of
the public-private risk return objectives. This will
involve coming up with efficient risk mitigation
strategies providing the private sector with investment
incentives that attract them to provide long-term
financing. The framework will be like an emphasis of
timing, certainty, stability and size of return which are
usually the main considerations by private investors to
committing finances to any project. In Kenya,such
framework is not there or adequate campaign has not
been done for it.
Risk-Return Relationship versus the private sector
profit objectives.
Conventionally, risk and return have a positive
relationship where a higher risky event may be
accompanied by a higher but more uncertain return. Due
to this uncertainty in return as risk heights, private sector
with the main objective as making profit and
maintaining positive cash flows and high liquidity,
become hesitant to invest in risky opportunities unless
are convinced of certainty in return. Long-term
determination of risk and return are normally surrounded
by much uncertainty and thus the longer the timing; the
more reluctant profit-making firms will be willing to
take risk unless attractive investment incentives are
3. offered. Infrastructure financing are long term initiatives
and thus accompanied by uncertainty in returns. To
attract private investor financing, risk mitigation
strategies must be framed to thwart this uncertainty in
return thus encouraging private investment. This can be
achieved by applying blended financing where a
portfolio of financial instruments with correlated returns
can be composed to overcome this timing effect. In
Kenya very little has been done about this and private
sector is still indifferent whether to take any core
responsibility in infrastructure financing.
Other obstacles to private sector participation in
infrastructure financing in Kenya include:
Corruption:
Corruption has been a great impediment to national
developments. Anti-corruption campaigns have been
overcome by corruption, with Oversight bodies failing in
their oversight role. Anti-corruption initiatives have been
overturned through kick-backs and bribes. For example;
4. the main source of government revenue is taxes paid by
its citizens. Due to high levels of corruption, citizens get
discouraged and find ways to evade tax payment
including giving bribes to some tax authorities in order
to god-father them from paying taxes. This sees
government lose essential part of the tax revenues
leading to budget deficit. Moreover, the main avenue for
illicit financial outflows is corruption. Because of this,
private sector becomes hesitant to deploy any resources
for national development.
Lack oftransparency:
Full accounting for resources which have been put under
ones stewardship is a necessity if the contributor will be
encouraged to donate more. Many financial reports by
the Kenyan government in the recent past has lacked
transparency,where resources which had been deployed
for a particular project are partially accounted for and no
or little action is taken to recover the resources not
accounted for. This lack of full accountability and follow
up on resources lost leads to so many questions by
donors and other contributors turning them back from
further participation.
Poor political climate:
Poor legislation and lack of a concrete legal system has
adversely impacted the investment climate in Kenya and
this has much discouraged long-term private investment
in Kenya. It is just this year (2015) when the accounts
5. for many charitable and other non-governmental
organizations were frozen with the claims that some
were funding terrorism. After much vetting by
commissions set up by the government, many have been
found to have legitimate existence and mission and re-
licensed to continue with their operations. To avoid
interruption of operations of the legitimate
organizations, vetting should have been done at the
registry level, by checking the legitimacy of the
registration documents. Lack of political stability has
further turned back many foreign private investors
focusing infrastructure.
Conclusion
In conclusion, firm framework needs to be set up
outlining the scope and guidelines for private sector
participation in financing long-term projects; especially
infrastructure developments if material progress is to be
attained within the time frame set for achieving
sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-year 2016
through year 2030.