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Clinical trials history
Clinical trials have a long history dating back thousands of years to ancient civilizations like Egypt, China, and India. In the early centuries AD, Hippocrates established the foundations of modern medicine by emphasizing clinical observation and documentation. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, universities and hospitals advanced medicine. The 17th-18th centuries saw important early clinical trials on treatments for scurvy and the development of vital statistics. The 19th century brought large clinical observations and trials establishing germ theory and anesthesia. Major advances in the 20th century included regulations for ethics and informed consent in response to abuses and the growth of pharmaceutical industry-funded drug trials.
EVOLUTION OF MEDICINE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The evolution of medicine is a vast and complex journey that spans thousands of years. It began with ancient civilizations like Egypt, India, China, and Greece, where medicine was often intertwined with spiritual and religious practices. Hippocrates, often called the "Father of Medicine," laid the foundation for a more systematic and observational approach in ancient Greece.
History of pharmacy
- Pharmacy has a long history dating back 50,000 years when early humans used plants for medicinal purposes. The first authenticated prescription dates to 3700 BC in ancient Mesopotamia.
- Ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, and India made important contributions to early pharmacy through documenting medicinal plants and preparations in texts like the Ebers Papyrus, De Materia Medica, and early Ayurvedic writings.
- The modern practice of pharmacy developed over centuries with the establishment of the first pharmacies/apothecaries in the 17th-18th centuries and the founding of national pharmaceutical societies in the 19th century that helped regulate qualifications and standards.
HISTORY OF PHARMACY PROFESSION
Pharmacy as a profession and as a health care discipline has gone through phenomenal changes and development during the last few decades, at global as well as regional levels.
Pharmacy History 1 1226686818538034 9
This document provides a summary of the history of pharmacy from ancient times to the present. It describes four major eras: the Ancient Era from early times to 1600 AD, the Empiric Era from 1600 to 1940, the Industrialization Era from 1940 to 1970, and the Patient Care Era from 1970 to the present. Key developments include the documentation of early remedies, the influence of Greek and Roman cultures, the rise of university education for pharmacists during the Renaissance, and increasingly specialized roles in recent eras due to advances in science, technology, and patient needs.
Pharmacy History
This document provides a summary of the history of pharmacy from ancient times to the present. It describes four major eras: the Ancient Era from early times to 1600 AD, the Empiric Era from 1600 to 1940, the Industrialization Era from 1940 to 1970, and the Patient Care Era from 1970 to the present. Key developments include the documentation of early remedies, the influences of Greek and Roman cultures, the rise of university education for pharmacists during the Renaissance, and increasingly specialized roles in recent eras due to advances in science, technology, and patient needs.
History of pharmacy
History of pharmacy in world.
The easier notes ever.
By
Chhavi Gupta
Assistant Professor
Shri ram college of pharmacy
Physical Pharmacy Lecture 2
Virtual Physical Pharmacy Lecture Series . Unit 2 "HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF PHARMACY " by MUHAMMAD MUNEEB from the Plateform of Pharmohub.pk
Recommended
Clinical trials history
Clinical trials have a long history dating back thousands of years to ancient civilizations like Egypt, China, and India. In the early centuries AD, Hippocrates established the foundations of modern medicine by emphasizing clinical observation and documentation. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, universities and hospitals advanced medicine. The 17th-18th centuries saw important early clinical trials on treatments for scurvy and the development of vital statistics. The 19th century brought large clinical observations and trials establishing germ theory and anesthesia. Major advances in the 20th century included regulations for ethics and informed consent in response to abuses and the growth of pharmaceutical industry-funded drug trials.
EVOLUTION OF MEDICINE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The evolution of medicine is a vast and complex journey that spans thousands of years. It began with ancient civilizations like Egypt, India, China, and Greece, where medicine was often intertwined with spiritual and religious practices. Hippocrates, often called the "Father of Medicine," laid the foundation for a more systematic and observational approach in ancient Greece.
History of pharmacy
- Pharmacy has a long history dating back 50,000 years when early humans used plants for medicinal purposes. The first authenticated prescription dates to 3700 BC in ancient Mesopotamia.
- Ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, and India made important contributions to early pharmacy through documenting medicinal plants and preparations in texts like the Ebers Papyrus, De Materia Medica, and early Ayurvedic writings.
- The modern practice of pharmacy developed over centuries with the establishment of the first pharmacies/apothecaries in the 17th-18th centuries and the founding of national pharmaceutical societies in the 19th century that helped regulate qualifications and standards.
HISTORY OF PHARMACY PROFESSION
Pharmacy as a profession and as a health care discipline has gone through phenomenal changes and development during the last few decades, at global as well as regional levels.
Pharmacy History 1 1226686818538034 9
This document provides a summary of the history of pharmacy from ancient times to the present. It describes four major eras: the Ancient Era from early times to 1600 AD, the Empiric Era from 1600 to 1940, the Industrialization Era from 1940 to 1970, and the Patient Care Era from 1970 to the present. Key developments include the documentation of early remedies, the influence of Greek and Roman cultures, the rise of university education for pharmacists during the Renaissance, and increasingly specialized roles in recent eras due to advances in science, technology, and patient needs.
Pharmacy History
This document provides a summary of the history of pharmacy from ancient times to the present. It describes four major eras: the Ancient Era from early times to 1600 AD, the Empiric Era from 1600 to 1940, the Industrialization Era from 1940 to 1970, and the Patient Care Era from 1970 to the present. Key developments include the documentation of early remedies, the influences of Greek and Roman cultures, the rise of university education for pharmacists during the Renaissance, and increasingly specialized roles in recent eras due to advances in science, technology, and patient needs.
History of pharmacy
History of pharmacy in world.
The easier notes ever.
By
Chhavi Gupta
Assistant Professor
Shri ram college of pharmacy
Physical Pharmacy Lecture 2
Virtual Physical Pharmacy Lecture Series . Unit 2 "HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF PHARMACY " by MUHAMMAD MUNEEB from the Plateform of Pharmohub.pk
Pharmacy Module 1
The document provides a historical overview of pharmacy from ancient times to the present in five periods:
1) The Ancient Era saw early medicine based on herbs and plant remedies. Knowledge was passed down orally and early records date back to 2600 BC.
2) The Empiric Era questioned existing medicines and treatments, with pharmacopeias standardizing medicines. Manufacturing began to industrialize in the 19th century.
3) The current Patient Care Era focuses on rational research, computer applications, and patient-centered care through coordinated healthcare teams and pharmaceutical care models.
Pharmacy and Health Care
The document provides a historical overview of pharmacy from ancient times to the present. It discusses five key periods: the Ancient Era from the beginning of time to 1600 AD, the Empiric Era from 1600 to 1940, the Industrialization Era from 1940 to 1970, the Patient Care Era from 1970 to present, and the current Biotechnology and genetic engineering horizon. During each period, knowledge of herbal remedies and medications progressed, manufacturing processes became more standardized and complex, and the focus shifted to patient-centered care and personalized genetic treatments.
Topic 1.pptx
Early medicinal practices involved identifying herbal and other natural remedies to treat diseases, as described in ancient texts like the Ebers Papyrus from 1550 BC listing over 800 remedies. In the 18th-19th centuries, scientists began isolating active compounds from plants like morphine, quinine and salicylates, marking the beginning of the pharmaceutical industry. Modern drug discovery involves screening plant and microbial extracts for biological activity, isolating and characterizing active compounds, and developing them into drug candidates through clinical trials. Natural products and their derivatives still account for over a third of the global medicine market and have potential for new therapeutic discoveries.
Phcog 1
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacognosy. It discusses the meaning and objectives of pharmacognosy, including the study of medicinal plants and natural products as sources of drugs. The document then reviews the history of pharmacognosy from ancient Chinese and Egyptian medicine to modern times, highlighting important figures and texts throughout different time periods that contributed to the development of the field. It also discusses the ongoing value of natural products in medicine.
For_Presentation_History_of_Pharmacy.ppt
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History of public health
The document summarizes the history of public health from ancient times through modern times. It discusses developments in Greece, Rome, India, China, and highlights key figures like Hippocrates and Galen in ancient times. It then covers the birth of modern public health in Europe during the Renaissance and developments in Britain that led to the sanitary awakening in the 19th century. It concludes with brief overviews of public health in British India and developments in India post-independence.
Medicinal chemistry
This is a ppt on Medicinal chemistry, just made to help out and give the students of CLASS XI studying in CBSE about what Medicinal Chemistry is >>Please do feedback in the comments part
Introduction to Pharmacy/ History
Pharmacy has been inseparable from mankind’s history. The history of preparation and use of medicines dates back to ancient times.
In ancient times, diseases were thought to be produced by evil forces or by a God’s anger.
Thus, religious persons (priests or shamans) or magicians were found to be associated with the treatment of patients. So called religious rituals always accompanied with the drug treatment.
History of pharmacy
- Greeks were the first to establish the field of pharmacy and coined the term "pharmacy" from the Greek word for drug. Significant early Greek figures included Dioscorides who wrote an influential 5-volume herbal, and Theoprastus who studied plants and herbs.
- Chinese pharmacy has a long history dating back to 168 BC with texts on herbal medicines. The 1st century AD text "Shenong Benaco Jing" compiled information on over 1,500 herbal drugs.
- Romans advanced pharmacy, with Galen in the 2nd century AD considered the "Father of Pharmacy" for his extraction of plant constituents and formulations like cold cream. Pharmacy continued developing in places like Bag
1. Introduction to Pharmacy.pptx
This document provides an overview of pharmacy laws and regulations, including definitions of pharmacy and a history of the profession globally and in Uganda. It begins with definitions tracing the term "pharmacy" back to ancient Greek and Latin roots. There is a discussion of ancient medical practices in Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, and Greece. It then covers developments in Europe and America, highlighting contributors like Paracelsus, Scheele, Pasteur, Koch, and Flemming. The document concludes with a brief history of pharmacy education and practice in Uganda from its beginnings in 1988 to the current recognized cadres.
Historical aspect of community medicne
The document provides a historical overview of community medicine and public health. It discusses medicine in antiquity among early civilizations like India, China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It then covers the dawn of scientific medicine starting in the 15th century with revivals and discoveries that established germ theory and vaccination. Modern medicine brought specialization, antibiotics, and recognition of multifactorial disease causation. Preventive medicine was established with public health measures around sanitation, hygiene, and the control of infectious diseases. Public health evolved through different phases focused on disease control, health promotion, and addressing social determinants of health.
Evolution of community medicine
This document provides a historical overview of the evolution of community medicine from ancient times to modern times. It discusses early systems of medicine from India, China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece. It then covers the development of medicine during the Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Renaissance period, and the dawn of modern scientific medicine in the 18th-19th centuries with the germ theory of disease and advances in public health. The document concludes by outlining changing concepts in public health and medicine in the 20th century with a focus on preventive medicine and the goal of "Health for All" by the year 2000.
lecture-1.pdf
The document provides an overview of the history and development of medicinal chemistry. It discusses how medicinal chemistry originated from the isolation of medicinal agents found in plants by early scientists. The field has since expanded to include the creation of new synthetic drug compounds through the application of chemical research techniques. Medicinal chemists work to synthesize and improve new pharmaceuticals in collaboration with other scientists.
History, definition and scope of pharmacognosy.pptx
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs from natural sources. It originated from the Greek words for "drug" and "knowledge." Ancient civilizations like China, Egypt, and India had extensive knowledge of herbal medicines documented in texts. Modern pharmacognosy developed in the 19th-20th centuries with the isolation of active compounds from plants like penicillin. It now focuses on characterizing compounds from diverse natural sources and their potential as drug models or therapies.
DOC-20221111-WA0056..pptx
This document provides a brief history of medicine from ancient times through Roman civilization. It describes early systems of medicine including Ayurveda in India dating back to 5000 BC, traditional Chinese medicine based on the principles of Yin and Yang from 2700 BC, and Egyptian medicine from 2000 BC which viewed medicine as intertwined with religion. Greek medicine from 460-136 BC is discussed in more detail, highlighting figures like Hippocrates and his emphasis on clinical methods and the four humors theory of health. Roman medicine expanded on Greek practices with an increased focus on public health, sanitation, and specialization of physicians.
Essentials of Health Information Management Principles and Practices
Essentials of Health Information Management Principles and Practices Health Care Consultation and Management Group ( HCMG) International
REF Green, M. A. and Bowie, M. J. (2005). Essentials of Health Information Management, Principles and Practices. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. ISBN: 9780766845022.
Recommended Reference
At the end of this chapter, the student must be able to:
Identify significant events in medicine for the prehistoric, ancient, medieval, and renaissance time periods
Explain medical discoveries associated with modern medicine
■ Summarize the evolution of health care delivery in Saudi Arabia
Discuss the differences among primary, secondary, and tertiary care
Differentiate the types of hospital ownership
Compare the roles of a hospital governing board and administration
Name and describe medical specialties
Explain the various medical staff membership categories
Delineate the responsibilities of medical staff committees
List hospital departments, and explain the function of each
Detail services a health information management department performs
Provide examples of contract services for health information management
List hospital committees, and describe the function of each
Discuss differences among licensure, regulation, and accreditation of health care facilities
Distinguish among accrediting organizations, and identify types of health care facilities accredited by each
history_of_pharmacy - complete.ppt
The document discusses the origin and history of pharmacy in India. It describes how ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, India and the Islamic golden age contributed to the development of pharmacy through individuals like Hippocrates, Galen, Dioscorides, Sushruta, Charaka, and Ibn Sina. It also summarizes the key Indian and international pharmacopoeias including the Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia and European Pharmacopoeia which provide drug standards.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SCOPE OF PHARMACOGNOSY
Hira Arooj presented on the historical development of pharmacognosy. Some key points include:
- Pharmacognosy has its origins in ancient Greece and refers to the study of medicinal drugs from natural sources.
- Many early civilizations utilized medicinal plants and documented their uses, including Sumerians, Shen Nung in China, Hippocrates, Theophrastus, and texts like the Ebers Papyrus from ancient Egypt.
- The field advanced through the contributions of figures like Galen, Avicenna, and documentation of herbal medicines in traditions like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine.
- Modern pharmacognosy applies techniques in fields like phytoc
Introduction to the history of medicine
During the prehistoric period from 3000 BC to 43 AD, people believed illness was caused by spirits and used charms and plant materials as treatments. In ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece and Rome, the first doctors developed but most beliefs were still based on superstition. The Middle Ages saw some medical progress but also decline as knowledge was lost, and life expectancy decreased. The Renaissance period saw a "rebirth" of learning from ancient times, though health did not improve much. The Industrial Revolution led to discoveries of disease causes and cures like vaccinations, improving life expectancy. The 20th century saw the most medical progress in history with causes of most diseases discovered and prevention and cures available.
Concept of public health.pdf
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery, which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.
一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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一.毕业证【微信：6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：6496090
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Pharmacy Module 1
The document provides a historical overview of pharmacy from ancient times to the present in five periods:
1) The Ancient Era saw early medicine based on herbs and plant remedies. Knowledge was passed down orally and early records date back to 2600 BC.
2) The Empiric Era questioned existing medicines and treatments, with pharmacopeias standardizing medicines. Manufacturing began to industrialize in the 19th century.
3) The current Patient Care Era focuses on rational research, computer applications, and patient-centered care through coordinated healthcare teams and pharmaceutical care models.
Pharmacy and Health Care
The document provides a historical overview of pharmacy from ancient times to the present. It discusses five key periods: the Ancient Era from the beginning of time to 1600 AD, the Empiric Era from 1600 to 1940, the Industrialization Era from 1940 to 1970, the Patient Care Era from 1970 to present, and the current Biotechnology and genetic engineering horizon. During each period, knowledge of herbal remedies and medications progressed, manufacturing processes became more standardized and complex, and the focus shifted to patient-centered care and personalized genetic treatments.
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Early medicinal practices involved identifying herbal and other natural remedies to treat diseases, as described in ancient texts like the Ebers Papyrus from 1550 BC listing over 800 remedies. In the 18th-19th centuries, scientists began isolating active compounds from plants like morphine, quinine and salicylates, marking the beginning of the pharmaceutical industry. Modern drug discovery involves screening plant and microbial extracts for biological activity, isolating and characterizing active compounds, and developing them into drug candidates through clinical trials. Natural products and their derivatives still account for over a third of the global medicine market and have potential for new therapeutic discoveries.
Phcog 1
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacognosy. It discusses the meaning and objectives of pharmacognosy, including the study of medicinal plants and natural products as sources of drugs. The document then reviews the history of pharmacognosy from ancient Chinese and Egyptian medicine to modern times, highlighting important figures and texts throughout different time periods that contributed to the development of the field. It also discusses the ongoing value of natural products in medicine.
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DFHJGBDFJH DFHGDF BGBDF DFHB GHJDF G GHDFGBDFB GJDFJ GB GDFHB GJBDFJ BGDJFB GJDFBJ G JDF GJDBFJ BGDFJB GJDFBJ GDFJBG JDFBJG BDFJ GJDF GJD FG BDFJ GJDF JGDFJ GJDFJ GJDF GJB DFJ GJDFB JGBDFJ BGJDFB GJBDFJ BGJDF BJGBDFJ GJDBF J BGJDF BJGDFJ GJDBF JGBJDF BGJD BFJGBDJF BGJBDFJ BGDFJ BGJDFJGBDFJ BGJDF GJD FJGB DJF GJBDFJ BGDF BGBDFKBGDKF BGKDBF KGBDFK GK DFK GKDFKGDFK GKDF DFG BDFK K GK DFK GKDF GDF GDF GDF H DFH DFHDF
History of public health
The document summarizes the history of public health from ancient times through modern times. It discusses developments in Greece, Rome, India, China, and highlights key figures like Hippocrates and Galen in ancient times. It then covers the birth of modern public health in Europe during the Renaissance and developments in Britain that led to the sanitary awakening in the 19th century. It concludes with brief overviews of public health in British India and developments in India post-independence.
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This is a ppt on Medicinal chemistry, just made to help out and give the students of CLASS XI studying in CBSE about what Medicinal Chemistry is >>Please do feedback in the comments part
Introduction to Pharmacy/ History
Pharmacy has been inseparable from mankind’s history. The history of preparation and use of medicines dates back to ancient times.
In ancient times, diseases were thought to be produced by evil forces or by a God’s anger.
Thus, religious persons (priests or shamans) or magicians were found to be associated with the treatment of patients. So called religious rituals always accompanied with the drug treatment.
History of pharmacy
- Greeks were the first to establish the field of pharmacy and coined the term "pharmacy" from the Greek word for drug. Significant early Greek figures included Dioscorides who wrote an influential 5-volume herbal, and Theoprastus who studied plants and herbs.
- Chinese pharmacy has a long history dating back to 168 BC with texts on herbal medicines. The 1st century AD text "Shenong Benaco Jing" compiled information on over 1,500 herbal drugs.
- Romans advanced pharmacy, with Galen in the 2nd century AD considered the "Father of Pharmacy" for his extraction of plant constituents and formulations like cold cream. Pharmacy continued developing in places like Bag
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This document provides an overview of pharmacy laws and regulations, including definitions of pharmacy and a history of the profession globally and in Uganda. It begins with definitions tracing the term "pharmacy" back to ancient Greek and Latin roots. There is a discussion of ancient medical practices in Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, and Greece. It then covers developments in Europe and America, highlighting contributors like Paracelsus, Scheele, Pasteur, Koch, and Flemming. The document concludes with a brief history of pharmacy education and practice in Uganda from its beginnings in 1988 to the current recognized cadres.
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The document provides a historical overview of community medicine and public health. It discusses medicine in antiquity among early civilizations like India, China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It then covers the dawn of scientific medicine starting in the 15th century with revivals and discoveries that established germ theory and vaccination. Modern medicine brought specialization, antibiotics, and recognition of multifactorial disease causation. Preventive medicine was established with public health measures around sanitation, hygiene, and the control of infectious diseases. Public health evolved through different phases focused on disease control, health promotion, and addressing social determinants of health.
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This document provides a historical overview of the evolution of community medicine from ancient times to modern times. It discusses early systems of medicine from India, China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece. It then covers the development of medicine during the Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Renaissance period, and the dawn of modern scientific medicine in the 18th-19th centuries with the germ theory of disease and advances in public health. The document concludes by outlining changing concepts in public health and medicine in the 20th century with a focus on preventive medicine and the goal of "Health for All" by the year 2000.
lecture-1.pdf
The document provides an overview of the history and development of medicinal chemistry. It discusses how medicinal chemistry originated from the isolation of medicinal agents found in plants by early scientists. The field has since expanded to include the creation of new synthetic drug compounds through the application of chemical research techniques. Medicinal chemists work to synthesize and improve new pharmaceuticals in collaboration with other scientists.
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Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs from natural sources. It originated from the Greek words for "drug" and "knowledge." Ancient civilizations like China, Egypt, and India had extensive knowledge of herbal medicines documented in texts. Modern pharmacognosy developed in the 19th-20th centuries with the isolation of active compounds from plants like penicillin. It now focuses on characterizing compounds from diverse natural sources and their potential as drug models or therapies.
DOC-20221111-WA0056..pptx
This document provides a brief history of medicine from ancient times through Roman civilization. It describes early systems of medicine including Ayurveda in India dating back to 5000 BC, traditional Chinese medicine based on the principles of Yin and Yang from 2700 BC, and Egyptian medicine from 2000 BC which viewed medicine as intertwined with religion. Greek medicine from 460-136 BC is discussed in more detail, highlighting figures like Hippocrates and his emphasis on clinical methods and the four humors theory of health. Roman medicine expanded on Greek practices with an increased focus on public health, sanitation, and specialization of physicians.
Essentials of Health Information Management Principles and Practices
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REF Green, M. A. and Bowie, M. J. (2005). Essentials of Health Information Management, Principles and Practices. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. ISBN: 9780766845022.
Recommended Reference
At the end of this chapter, the student must be able to:
Identify significant events in medicine for the prehistoric, ancient, medieval, and renaissance time periods
Explain medical discoveries associated with modern medicine
■ Summarize the evolution of health care delivery in Saudi Arabia
Discuss the differences among primary, secondary, and tertiary care
Differentiate the types of hospital ownership
Compare the roles of a hospital governing board and administration
Name and describe medical specialties
Explain the various medical staff membership categories
Delineate the responsibilities of medical staff committees
List hospital departments, and explain the function of each
Detail services a health information management department performs
Provide examples of contract services for health information management
List hospital committees, and describe the function of each
Discuss differences among licensure, regulation, and accreditation of health care facilities
Distinguish among accrediting organizations, and identify types of health care facilities accredited by each
history_of_pharmacy - complete.ppt
The document discusses the origin and history of pharmacy in India. It describes how ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, India and the Islamic golden age contributed to the development of pharmacy through individuals like Hippocrates, Galen, Dioscorides, Sushruta, Charaka, and Ibn Sina. It also summarizes the key Indian and international pharmacopoeias including the Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia and European Pharmacopoeia which provide drug standards.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SCOPE OF PHARMACOGNOSY
Hira Arooj presented on the historical development of pharmacognosy. Some key points include:
- Pharmacognosy has its origins in ancient Greece and refers to the study of medicinal drugs from natural sources.
- Many early civilizations utilized medicinal plants and documented their uses, including Sumerians, Shen Nung in China, Hippocrates, Theophrastus, and texts like the Ebers Papyrus from ancient Egypt.
- The field advanced through the contributions of figures like Galen, Avicenna, and documentation of herbal medicines in traditions like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine.
- Modern pharmacognosy applies techniques in fields like phytoc
Introduction to the history of medicine
During the prehistoric period from 3000 BC to 43 AD, people believed illness was caused by spirits and used charms and plant materials as treatments. In ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece and Rome, the first doctors developed but most beliefs were still based on superstition. The Middle Ages saw some medical progress but also decline as knowledge was lost, and life expectancy decreased. The Renaissance period saw a "rebirth" of learning from ancient times, though health did not improve much. The Industrial Revolution led to discoveries of disease causes and cures like vaccinations, improving life expectancy. The 20th century saw the most medical progress in history with causes of most diseases discovered and prevention and cures available.
Concept of public health.pdf
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery, which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.
Similar to final museubkjbfb fhfbd fdhsbf fdsm (1).pptx (20)
History, definition and scope of pharmacognosy.pptx
History, definition and scope of pharmacognosy.pptx
Essentials of Health Information Management Principles and Practices
Essentials of Health Information Management Principles and Practices
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一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Presented by Alexandra Barthelmes at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyHow about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
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world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
final museubkjbfb fhfbd fdhsbf fdsm (1).pptx
- 1. Nature provide food and medicine to Mankind Pharmacy is as old as human civilisation Fossils of medicinal importance used by Neanderthals (50,000 BC) Pharmacy recognized as medical practice since Sumerian times, (2,000 to 1,500 BC) Diocles of Carystus :“rhizotomoi,” : Dioscorides: “De Materia Medica,” preparation of drugs comes from Babylonia, circa (2600 BC) Pharaohs of Egypt: Kahun Papyrus (2000 B.C) The papyrus: scroll, 22 yards long; 12 inches wide; 700 drugs First prescription available in British Museum, (3700 BC) Rx symbol: According to ancient mythology, abbreviation for the Latin verb “recipere”, which translated means “Take” The ancient Egyptian eye symbol: The Eye of Horus (Jupiter- God of healing)
- 2. Greek Physician: Hippocrates described causes and effects of diseases and epidemics. ( 390BC) Asklepios: The god of medicine Hygieia: Goddess of health, cleanliness and sanitation (Beginning in the 700 BC ) Galen, formulated “Theriac” (64 herbal ingredients) ( 10 AD) Lord Vishnu: Science of Medicine in the Universe “DHANVANTARI”: Hindu God of Medicine, Charaka and Sushruta: - studied more than 1000 herbs. (100 AD) In India “Atharva Veda”: "Science of Life“- oldest scriptures of the Hindus (1200 BC– 1000 BC ) 2 3 4 5 6 7 1
- 3. 1600: Rapid development of Apothecary in Britain 9 1241: Pharmacy stores established in Germany 8 1617: King James 1st of England granted the Apothecaries 10 1815: Apothecaries Act granted 12 1815: New Apothecaries Act: Two streams involving, medicine and pharmacy 13 William Procter, Jr: THE FATHER OF AMERICAN PHARMACY 1837 16 1729: Formation of American Pharmaceutical Association: Retail pharmacies started popping up in the United States in, 11 1820: In United States: First USP published 14 First pharmacy school was established in Philadelphia (1821) 15
- 4. Allopathic system in India came with the entry of Britishers: 1920 21 Govt of india formed a committee: “drug enquiry committee”, under late R.N.Chopra. On 11th august 1930 24 Father of Pharmacy Education in India ( 1929 - 1937) 22 In 1932, B.Pharm. course was started at BHU 25 Era of pharmacy stores: pharmacy profession was started and regulated by the state govt (1900 ) 20 The first Pharmacy Act of 1852: provision for a register of chemists and druggists 18 Founded on 15 April 1841 by a group of leading chemists and druggists 17 Actions of Antibiotics were first observed by Pasteur in 1877. 19 Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1929. 23
- 5. In 1944 at Punjab university, Lahore was oriented towards “Pharmacy Practice”. 26 Under pressure of World War II: the pharmaceutical manufacturers adapted mass production methods to penicillin. ( 1939-1945) 25 1945: Intensive research continues to find antibiotics that will conquer more of men's microbial enemies. 27 Electronic prescribing systems began in 1990, used to automate the prescribing, supply and administration of medicines in hospitals. 28 20th century, after World War II: modern, industrialized form of pharmaceutical manufacturing in the United States. 29 there were 44.6 million prescriptions filled at pharmacies in 2014, amounting to a $236 billion dollar industry. 30 Now, Forbes has stated that being a pharmacist is the “best healthcare job” due in part to a high average salary and projected growth. 31 Looking ahead to the future, pharmacies will be even more technologically advanced, with the use of pharmacy robots, smart packaging and a “smart pill.” 32