This document outlines a proposal to improve transportation from Charles Helou Bus Station to Gemmayze street in Beirut. It currently experiences traffic issues with many cars searching for limited parking. The proposal includes designing new parking at CHBS, operating a shuttle bus between the two areas, and analyzing costs and environmental impacts. Simulation models were created to analyze different transportation models and number of buses. The optimal solution was found to be a sequential bus route with 5 buses, costing $77,080 annually. This solution would reduce parking search time, cut transportation costs, and lower CO2 emissions by 65% compared to the current system.

1. Dalia Fleihan
Bahaa’eddine Takieddine
Stephanie Nehmeh
Dr. Pierette Zouein
Dr. Marc Haddad

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Data Collection
• Current State
• Flow of Cars in CHBS
• Desired Transportation Model
• Cost Effectiveness Analysis
• Desired Facility Layout
• Economical Impact
• Environmental Impact
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Charles Helou bus station is a construction on the
northern side of Beirut city centre, along the harbor and
under the major highway running to the north. It used to
serve as a hub that connects Beirut with cities in North
Lebanon and Syria
Gemmayze is a residential area and is the destination for
all those wishing to spend their night out. Its main street
is dealing with lots of serious problems that make its
situation worse especially during the weekends. Besides
the annoying noise and traffic issues, visitors suffer from
valet-parking related problems

4. Problems Statement
Problem Solution
In-appropriate design of Charles Helou
Station
New facility design
Duration spent searching for a parking
space in Gemmayze.
Unavailability of sufficient parking spaces
Wastes such as inflated waiting times
A new park-and ride system
High number of cars when compared to
the capacity of the street.
Air Pollution
Noise
Scheduling of a bus system that serves the
clubbers of Gemmayze

5. Data Collection
• Site visit to Charles Helou Station
- Surface area
- Current entrances/exit
- Current ramps
• Interviews
a. Interviewed Mr. Wissam El Haber, owner of VIP parking control
- How many parking spaces do they have?
- What is the approximate waiting time of the passenger to get his car back?
b. Interviewed restaurants and pubs managers
- Do they offer valet service?
- When is the peak day/time?
c. Interviewed Gemmayze residents and visitors
- What are their complaints?

6. Data Collection
• Data collection points on Gouraud Street:
 3 entrances
 3 exits
• Data was collected with an interval of 10mins during peak hours
• Divided the Street into zones, with respect to the entrances/exits

7. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
nbr in system AND want to park (nbr in
system*84%)
Available space
Data Collection
• Based on the number of pubs and their capacities in each zone:
 Probability for a car to go to each zone
• Duration of visit
 Collected from Haddad Hospital Parking
• Number of parking spaces
 Parking lots
 Valet
 Self Park
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
1 2 3 4
PROB FOR A CAR TO GO TO EACH ZONE

8. Current Simulation
Cars enter
Gemmayze
Cars will
search for a
parking space
Free Parking:
Gouraud Street
Park where a
space is
available
Valet-Parking
Service
Paid Parking
Areas
Spend time in
Gemmayze
Leave the pub
Exit
Gemmayze
• Flow Chart
• KPIs
• Assumptions
• Input Data
• Arena Model
• Analysis of results
• Validation of results
KPI Real –Life Observation Arena Result
Total time spent in the system 120 minutes 124 minutes
Average Time spent to find a parking 14 minutes 14.7 minutes

9. Current Arena Simulation

10. Main Objective
• Compare the time spent before finding a parking space to in Gemmayze to the
total time of our proposed park-and-ride system
Gemmayze (Current) CHBS (Future)
Time spent before parking a car in
Gemmayze (Traffic Delay and
insufficient spaces)
Time to find a parking space in CHBS
Time spent using the valet-parking
service
Walking time to the bus stop
Time waiting for the bus
Route time to reach destination in
Gemmayze

11. Flow of cars in CHBS
• Flow Chart
• KPIs
• Assumptions
• Data
• Arena Model
• Analysis of results
• Validation of results
Cars enter to
either floors
Cars search for
a parking
Space
Cars seize a
parking
Separate each
car into 2
passengers
Passengers
walk to the bus
stop
Passengers
wait for the
bus
Passengers
take the bus to
Gemmayze

12. Assumptions
•8:00 pm to 1:00 am is the peak period, thus this period is the one to be simulated.
•Flow of cars is the same on the 2 entrances .Cars will have 2 parking options: either on the 1st or the 2nd floor with 50%
chance each.
•There are enough parking spaces to accommodate for all clubbers’ cars.
•The cars move at a speed of 20 Km/hr inside the parking lot.
•No delay of parking is due to the bus rotation.

13. Facility Related Decision
1 entrance for each floor
Communication
between floors occurs
via ramps
Each floor constitutes of
8 zones
1-way traffic
Charles
Helou Station

14. Flow of cars in CHBS-Animated Simulation

15. Results
Total Spaces= 658
Demand
630
Average time before seizing a parking 1.243125
KPI s

16. Transportation Model
• We proposed 2 alternatives:
 Sequential Model
 Dedicated Model

17. Transportation Model
• How to pick the appropriate bus capacity?
 Maximum number of visitors per hour is around 100 passengers
• Cannot accommodate this high capacity
 Require larger parking spaces
 Higher capital and operating costs
 Complications with existing system infrastructure: narrow streets of Gemmayze
• Hyundai County
 Seating capacity: 25
 Minimum turning radius: 6.2 m

18. Sequential Model
• One Route connecting the 4 stops
• Passengers wait in a queue at each pick up point, until the bus arrives
• Buses are ‘created’ based on schedule
• Passengers depart from the drop off point to their destination
• Total route time is estimated at 15 min

19. Sequential Model
• Number of buses is incremented, by updating the schedule
• Average waiting time and its maximum value are generated
Sequential route
Number of buses Average Waiting time/ Maximum waiting time
2 (scheduled every 8min) 9.16/ 19.79
4 (scheduled every 4min) 4.17/ 14.88
5 (scheduled every 3min) 1.18/ 3.5

20. Dedicated Model
• Each stop in Gemmayze has its own route
• Same model as sequential, but 4 entities were created for buses
• Each one is incremented

21. Choosing the optimal model
1 • Choose the optimal number of buses in the sequential model
2
• Choose the optimal number of buses in the dedicated model
3
• Do a cost effectiveness analysis
4
• Pick the best one

22. Choosing the optimal model
• 1st constraint: average waiting time
 How much time are people willing to wait at the bus stop
 Based on people’s answers: 5.1 minutes
35
48
13
4
44
60
16
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 to 3 min 3 to 6 min 6 to 9 min 9 to 12 min
Repartition of people %

23. Choosing the optimal Model
8:00 8:05 8:10
• 2nd constraint: Maximum waiting time
 Assume a bus leaves CHBS every 5 minutes
 Maximum Value of the waiting time (Arena) < 10 minutes
 Passenger should not miss the bus more than once (due to capacity limit)

24. Choosing the optimal model
Number of buses Average : Max
Sequential Based on schedule 2 9.16 : 19.79
4 4.17 : 14.88
5 1.18 : 3.5
Dedicated based on
schedule
Stop1 1 7.84 : 15.36
2 3.13 : 6.34
3 1.54 : 3.04
Stop2 1 7.32 : 13.17
2 2.65 : 5.24
3 1.85 : 3.8
Stop3 1 5.53 : 9.62
2 3.94 : 4.82
3 1.21 : 3.4
Stop4 1 3.12 : 5.4
2 1.57 : 2.92
• For the sequential : 5 buses
• For the dedicated: 7 buses

25. Cost effectiveness analysis
Fixed Cost
Vehicle purchase
Insurance
Driver’s Salary
Variable Cost
Parking Cost
Fuel Cost

26. Cost effectiveness analysis
• Fixed Cost ●Variable Cost
 Vehicle Purchase: A = 55,000* (A/P, 10%, 12) = 8,074$/year √ Fuel Cost/year =
52weeks*3days/week* number of trips/day*number of km/trip*0.12$/km
 Insurance: 600$/year
 Driver’s Salary: 8,118$/year
• Total cost /year of sequential model with 5 buses = 77,080$
• Total cost/year of dedicated model with 7 buses= 103,148$
Fixed Cost ($) Variable Cost ($) Total Cost ($)
One bus sequential 14,218 1,198 15,416
One bus for Stop1 14,218 730 14,948
One bus for Stop2 14,218 450 14,668
One bus for Stop3 14,218 471 14,689
One bus for Stop4 14,218 320 14,538

27. Cost effectiveness analysis
• Sequential model with 5 buses is the one to be Implemented
• We also made sure that the number of passengers on the bus is not too low.
• The maximum number of passengers waiting will be used to design the waiting
area in Charles Helou Bus Stops

28. Desired Facility Layout
• General Planning
• Parking Angle
• Parking Space Dimensions
• First Floor: 600 paring angle and 3.17 parking stall width
 Leads to a total of 310 cars after removing the length of columns and concrete constructions.
• Second Floor: 600 paring angle and 3.17 parking stall width
 Leads to a total of 348 after removing the length of columns and concrete constructions.
Car Type Parking Angle Stall Width Parking Width Parking width
in m
Standard 600 8’6’’ 9’95’’ 3.04m
Large 600 9’0’’ 10’4’’ 3.17m
658

29. Adjustments of The Layout
• The adjustments we are going to do will tackle the issues below:
 Flow of traffic
 Entrance/ Exit in each floor and traffic paths
 Bus Stop in each floor
 Passengers waiting area
 Bus parking spaces when they are not operating
 Restrooms

30. Desired Facility Layout
Zone/Floor 1st Floor 2nd Floor
A Yellow – 40 Stalls Yellow-40 Stalls
B Cyan - 45 Stalls Cyan- 40 Stalls
C White- 35 Stalls White- 40 Stalls
D Cyan-Blue-45 Stalls Cyan-Blue- 58 Stalls
E Brown-40 Stalls Brown- 50 Stalls
F Pink-30 Stalls Pink-40 Stalls
G Blue-40 Stalls Blue-40 Stalls
H Green-35 Stalls Green-40 Stalls
Total 310 Stalls 348 Stalls

31. Desired Facility Layout
• 1st Floor
• The following figure represents the path of cars coming from Down Town and
entering through the first floor.

32. Desired Facility Layout
• 2nd Floor
 The following figure represents the path of cars coming from Dawra Highway
(Dawra Sector) and entering through the second floor:

33. Over-All Cost Effectiveness Analysis
Transportation Cost Categories Description
Travel Time The value of time used for travel.
Parking leased parking paid by users
Valet-Parking Service Valet-parking fee paid by users
Excess Time The excess in-vehicle time
Fuel cost Costs of fuel used for traveling inside Gemmayze
Transportation Costs Amount ($)
Travel Time (1.25/60)*6=1.1 $ =1,650 LP
Parking 5,000 LP-7,000 LP
Valet-Parking Service 10,000 LP
Excess Time (20/60)*6= 2$=3,000 LP
Fuel cost 2,225 LP
Transportation Costs Description
Travel Time The value of time used for travel.
Parking leased parking in Charles Helou paid by users
Transportation Costs Amount ($)
Travel Time (8/60)*6= 0.8 $=1200 LP
Parking 5000 LP
12,875-16,875 LP
6,200LP

34. Environmental Aspect (Current)
• We are going to base our emission
study on the European manufactures
emission factor for their cars in 2010
• Specific emissions of CO2 = 130 + a *
(M – M0) where: M is the mass of the
vehicle in kilograms (kg) M0 is 1372
kg is 0.0457
• Based on what we got total of 650
cars accumulated for the 5 hours.
• Each car would have an estimation of
1 km which is the length of
Gemmayze Street, then it would have
a total of 85,150 kg emission of CO2.

35. Environmental Aspect (Desired)
• However, if we enable the bus shuttle which only depends on 5
minibuses at max that has an average 3500 kg then it has an emission of
119 kg/km per bus.
• The distance from CHBS To station at Gemmayze is 1 km and it has a
trip time of 10 min at maximum (Distance+ Drop-off+ Pickup),
• Then to get the distance traveled we multiply the estimated velocity of
bus the time it is tackling which is 5 hours, so we have d= v*t= 50
km/hr*5 hr=250 km as a total distance for all buses
• Multiplied by emission of 119 kg/km per bus =29,750 kg is the total for
the 5 buses put for this scenario.
• So we would witness a reduction by 65% on its air pollution
Current StateCO2 emissions Desired State CO2 emissions
85,150 kg 29,750 kg
CO2 level

36. Conclusion
• Our proposal will have positive impacts on both the environmental and economical
aspects.
• It will also change the system to raise the quality of living of Gemmayze residents as it
solves Gemmayze’s problems, those related to noise and illegal parking.
• This will hopefully increase the flow into Gemmayze and make this area appeal to
Lebanese and tourists.
Current State Desired Model
Available Parking Spaces 400 658
Delay to find a parking Space 14 minutes 1.25 minutes
Total Cost per car 12,875-16,875 LP 6,200 LP
Level of Satisfaction of customers Low Moderate-High
Environmental Impact High levels of CO2 emissions Lower level of CO2 emissions

37. Thank You !