Final Examination (v2) NSCI/280 Version 5 1 University of Phoenix Material Final Examination (v2) This is a 40-question final examination. Please answer each question. Each question is worth 0.5 point. 1. The study of cells is  a. cytology b. histology c. molecular biology d. microbiology e. surface anatomy 2. In a positive feedback mechanism, the response of the effector  a. reverses the original stimulus b. enhances the original stimulus c. has no effect on the original stimulus d. is usually damaging to the body e. creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis 3. Ionic bonds form when a. atomic nuclei fuse b. atoms become ionized c. neutrons are transferred from one atom to another d. protons are lost from atoms e. electrons are shared between two atoms 4. Reactions that bond atoms or molecules together are called _______ reactions.  a. hydration b. synthesis c. hydrolysis d. reversible e. oxidation 5. Sugars  a. are the body's source of immediate energy b. are the building blocks of nucleotides c. provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues d. contain the genetic information of the cell e. insulate and cushion the body 6. The nuclear envelope  a. separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell b. is a rigid protein membrane c. is not permeable d. has a single layer of phospholipids e. regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell 7. Recognition proteins  a. are binding sites for other molecules b. utilize the G protein complex to function c. are found only on endoplasmic reticulum d. allow cells to recognize one another e. provide a "door" through which extracellular molecules can enter the cell 8. Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue?  a. conduction of action potentials b. secretion and absorption of molecules c. support of other tissue types d. contraction e. shock absorption 9. Nervous tissue  a. functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage b. exists in three forms: yellow, red, and brown c. contains large amounts of extracellular matrix d. is located in the brain and spinal cord e. does not contain lipids 10. Reddening of the skin (blushing) is the result of the  a. quantity of melanin in the skin b. number of keratinocytes in the skin c. increased blood flow in the dermis d. thickness of the stratum basale e. number of melanocytes in the skin 11. What does structure "A" represent on the diagram?  a. hair follicle b. arrector pili c. dermis d. hypodermis e. sebaceous gland 12. When blood calcium levels are high  a. osteoclast activity increases b. calcitonin secretion increases c. calcium absorption is increased d. bones lose bone tissue e. osteoblast activity decreases 13. What does structure "B" represent on the bone diagram?  a. cancellous bone b. diaphysis c. epiphyseal lines d. articular cartilage e. epiphysis 14. What does structure "C" represent?  a. frontal bone b. occipital bone c. parietal bone d. sphenoid bone e. temporal bone 15. The fig ...

1. Final Examination (v2)
NSCI/280 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix Material
Final Examination (v2)
This is a 40-question final examination. Please answer each
question. Each question is worth 0.5 point.
1. The study of cells is
a. cytology
b. histology
c. molecular biology
d. microbiology
e. surface anatomy
2. In a positive feedback mechanism, the response of the
effector
a. reverses the original stimulus
b. enhances the original stimulus
c. has no effect on the original stimulus
d. is usually damaging to the body
e. creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis
3. Ionic bonds form when
a. atomic nuclei fuse
b. atoms become ionized
c. neutrons are transferred from one atom to another
d. protons are lost from atoms

2. e. electrons are shared between two atoms
4. Reactions that bond atoms or molecules together are called
_______ reactions.
a. hydration
b. synthesis
c. hydrolysis
d. reversible
e. oxidation
5. Sugars
a. are the body's source of immediate energy
b. are the building blocks of nucleotides
c. provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues
d. contain the genetic information of the cell
e. insulate and cushion the body
6. The nuclear envelope
a. separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell
b. is a rigid protein membrane
c. is not permeable
d. has a single layer of phospholipids
e. regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell
7. Recognition proteins
a. are binding sites for other molecules
b. utilize the G protein complex to function
c. are found only on endoplasmic reticulum
d. allow cells to recognize one another
e. provide a "door" through which extracellular molecules can
enter the cell
8. Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue?
a. conduction of action potentials
b. secretion and absorption of molecules
c. support of other tissue types
d. contraction

3. e. shock absorption
9. Nervous tissue
a. functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage
b. exists in three forms: yellow, red, and brown
c. contains large amounts of extracellular matrix
d. is located in the brain and spinal cord
e. does not contain lipids
10. Reddening of the skin (blushing) is the result of the
a. quantity of melanin in the skin
b. number of keratinocytes in the skin
c. increased blood flow in the dermis
d. thickness of the stratum basale
e. number of melanocytes in the skin
11. What does structure "A" represent on the diagram?
a. hair follicle
b. arrector pili
c. dermis
d. hypodermis
e. sebaceous gland
12. When blood calcium levels are high
a. osteoclast activity increases
b. calcitonin secretion increases
c. calcium absorption is increased
d. bones lose bone tissue
e. osteoblast activity decreases
13. What does structure "B" represent on the bone diagram?
a. cancellous bone
b. diaphysis

4. c. epiphyseal lines
d. articular cartilage
e. epiphysis
14. What does structure "C" represent?
a. frontal bone
b. occipital bone
c. parietal bone
d. sphenoid bone
e. temporal bone
15. The figure illustrates bones of the right upper limb. What
does "B" represent?
a. radius
b. carpals
c. phalanges
d. metacarpals
e. ulna

5. 16. The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What
does "A" represent?
a. femur
b. fibula
c. tarsals
d. tibia
e. patella
17. The joint between the trochlea of the humerus and the
proximal end of the ulna is a _____ joint.
a. plane
b. saddle
c. hinge
d. pivot
e. ball and socket
18. What does structure "B" represent on the diagram?
a. tendon

6. b. articular cartilage
c. bursa
d. fibrous capsule
e. synovial membrane
19. Which of the following is composed of actin molecules?
a. thick myofilaments
b. thin myofilaments
c. Z disks
d. sarcolemma
e. tropomyosin
20. What does "D" represent on the diagram?
a. threshold
b. depolarization
c. depolarization phase of action potential
d. repolarization phase of action potential
21. The extension of the elbow represents a

7. a. class I lever system
b. class II lever system
c. class III lever system
d. class IV lever system
e. non-lever system
22. Label muscle "D" on the diagram.
a. orbicularis oculi
b. temporalis
c. trapezius
d. sternocleidomastoid
e. masseter
23. What does "B" represent?
a. coracobrachialis
b. deltoid
c. pectoralis major
d. biceps brachii
e. serratus anterior
24. The peripheral nervous system includes the

8. a. nerves
b. spinal cord
c. brain
d. brain stem
e. CSF
25. Identify structure "B" on the neuron.
a. Schwann cell
b. Node of Ranvier
c. neuron cell body (soma)
d. dendrites
e. axon
26. The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What
does "A" represent?
a. postsynaptic membrane
b. synaptic cleft
c. synaptic vesicle
d. voltage-gated calcium channel
e. presynaptic terminal

9. 27. Which of the following plexuses gives rise to the femoral
nerve?
a. cervical plexus
b. thoracic plexus
c. brachial plexus
d. lumbar plexus
e. coccygeal plexus
28. Label component "C" on the reflex arc.
a. sensory receptor
b. effector organ
c. sensory neuron
d. motor neuron
e. interneuron
29. A small lesion in the brain which resulted in clumsy
behavior would probably be located in the
a. medulla oblongata
b. pons
c. cerebellum
d. hypothalamus
e. cerebrum

10. 30. The midbrain
a. consists of a broad band of gray matter
b. is found inferior to the diencephalon
c. is a band of commissural fibers that connects the right
cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere
d. connects the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe
e. connects the frontal lobe to the parietal lobe
31. Which nerve controls mastication?
a. facial nerve
b. vagus nerve
c. trigeminal nerve
d. glossopharyngeal nerve
32. Which of the following is responsible for balance ?
a. nose
b. tongue
c. skin
d. ear
e. eye
33. Label area "E" on the cerebral cortex.
a. visual cortex
b. primary motor cortex
c. primary somatic sensory cortex

11. d. motor speech area (Broca's area)
e. sensory speech area (Wernicke's area)
34. The figure is a sagittal section of the eye. What does "B"
represent?
a. iris
b. pupil
c. lens
d. conjunctiva
e. cornea
35. Which of the following is an effector controlled by the
somatic nervous system?
a. cardiac muscle
b. glands
c. skeletal muscle
d. smooth muscle in blood vessels
e. smooth muscle in the digestive system
36. Identify structure "C" on the bottom diagram.

12. a. autonomic ganglion
b. somatic motor neuron
c. effector organ (smooth muscle of GI tract)
d. postganglionic neuron
e. preganglionic neuron
37. The nervous system
a. releases neurotransmitters into ducts
b. secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the
bloodstream
c. communicates via frequency-modulated signals
d. contains organs called exocrine glands
e. is isolated from the nervous system
38. Consider the following events in the membrane bound
receptor model:
1: Hormone receptor binds the hormone
2: G protein is triggered
3: Second messenger is produced
4: Protein kinases are activated
5: Calcium channels are opened
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?
a. 1, 3, 5
b. 1, 3, 4
c. 1, 2, 3
d. 3, 4, 5

13. e. None of these events occur in the nucleus
39. The posterior pituitary
a. rests in the sella turcica
b. is also called the neurohypophysis
c. is located inferior to the pituitary gland
d. regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland
e. is located superior to the thalamus
40. The major secretory products of the zona fasciculata of the
adrenal cortex are
a. glucocorticoids
b. mineralocorticoids
c. androgens
d. catecholamines
e. cortisol and ADH
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