Figure 33.2 Tooth anatomy. Alveolar Eone Apleal Foramen Cementum Crown Dentin Enamel Gingiva Gingival Sulcus Periodontal Membran Pulp Cavity Foct Poot Canal there are eight teeth in each quadrant of the jaws. blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves Starting at the median line, they are central incisor, via the apical foramina (label 12) of the roo lateral incisor, cuspid (or canine), first premolar The mucosa covering the jawbones and (or bicuspid), second premolar (or bicuspid), first of each tooth is the gingiva. The upper mar molar, second molar, and third molar. The chisel- gingiva is pulled away from the tooth in Figy like incisors are effective in biting off bits of food. reveal the gingival sulcus, a common site fo The pointed cuspids are used to puncture and tear putrefaction that may cause periodontal dise food. Premolars and molars have low, rounded cusps suitable for grinding food. Figure 33.2 illustrates the basic anatomy of a The Tongue.