ENCGS , semestre 1 prof.Sedra

1. English Course revision
Business: It can be defined as any professional, commercial, industrial or craft activity which is
organized and inducted for the supplying for goods and services at a profit.
Types of businesses:
Type Advantages Disadvantages
The sole partnership -You’re your only boss
-You make your own decisions: name,
hiring, firing, working time, holidays…
-Unlimited liabilities
-If you’re unable of paying your debts,
you declare bankruptcy and loose
you’re personal assets as well as your
investment
The partnership -More ideas
-Exchange
-Limited liabilities
-Team work
-Large Capital
-If you declare bankruptcy, you only
lose your investment following your
part in the capital
-Disagreement due to
misunderstanding
-Conflicts
-The Unexpected partner
The corporation(private) -Huge capital
-Can invest in plants (Factories) and in
research
-Innovation
-Limited Liabilities
-Unknown partners that could actually
not participate in the management of
the business and just take profit of the
part of the capital they invested with
NB:
The Public corporation also known as the non-profit organization are the governmental institutions

2. The types of partners :
Management: It’s the effective and efficient integration and coordination of the resources to achieve
desired goals
What do the managers manage?
+ Work
+ People
+ Production and operations
- The people that have parts in the corporation are called the Shareholders or Stockholders
- The stakeholders : + Internal : CEO, VP, Shareholders, the white and blue collar
+ External: The providers, the bank...
Types
of
partner
The secret partner : is not known by the
public but does participat in the
management of the business
The silent partner : is known by the public
but does not participate in the
management of the business

3. The Classical management cycle:
The pyramid of management organization:
Investment,
decision, planing
Organizing
Staffing = Looking
for the staff
Directing
Controling

4. The Human Resources management: (The stages of HR management)
- Attract a productive working force: they need workers so they advertise, you apply with a CV
or Application letters, they select the best profiles and make a short list of people in order to
have a job interview with them.
- Develop the PWF: with Training (Internal or external), Advise and orientation
- Maintain the PWF: By salary, promotions, Bonuses, Facilities, Rewards...
The Decision Making Process:
- Identify an define the problem
- Develop alternative solutions
- Evaluate those alternative solutions: Risk, certainty and uncertainty
- Select the best alternative solution
Types of management:
- The Coercive Management: Based on Fear, Punishment and Threats
- The collaborative or Participative Management: Based on the Team word, the manager is
taken as a part of the team
- The Calculative Management: Based on ‘’what do I get from it?’’
The difference between a Manager and a Leader:
Manager Leader
Have subordinate
Holds Authority
Reacts to change
Plan
Blames
Do it
Tells you what to do
Have Followers
Is motivational
Creates Change
Build
Accept Blame
Let’s do it
Show you how to do
NB: A leader focuses on why and how, a Manager focuses on what and when

5. Stages of Team Building:
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming: Setting norms to follow
- Performing
The classical Management Theory:
Theory X (McGregor) Theory Y (McGregor) Theory Z (William Ouchi)
-The primary source of employee
motivation is monetary
-The best way to motivate people is
by : Threats or money
-People are not only motivated by
the money.
-People can be motivated by their
work condition
-People are aware of their
responsibilities, they’re creative
and self-directed
-We can use the employee’s own
need for fulfillment as the
motivator
-It believes in Long term
employment
-Concerned with the employees
well-being
-Work under cooperative
conditions
-Managers are ought to trust their
staff

6. The company Structure:
Name of the Structure Advantages Disadvantages
Chain of Command :
One or a group of person at the
top and other people below at
each successive level
-Everybody knows who their boss is
and who are their subordinate
Functional Structure :
The company is devised in
department following the
functions they have
-It helps organizing the companies
that have much more functions for
them to fit into a single hierarchy
-People are more concerned
about the success of their own
department than the company as
a whole
-There are conflicts between
department
Flattening Hierarchy and
Delegating Responsibilities
-Helps motivating the staff by giving
them more responsibilities
-It reduces The chain of command
-Helps companies to reduce a layer
of workers from the structure
6helps small companies owners to
keep control over their business
Matrix Management :
People report to more than one
superior
-It can become quite Complex so
we sometimes need to give one
department priority in decision
making over another one
Teams :
Autonomous groups or teams
responsible for an entire Project.
They split up as soon as the
project is completed
-Autonomous groups or teams
responsible for an entire Project
-Split up as soon as the project is
completed
-Not always good at decision
making
-They require a Strong Leader