A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
ED 3203 Organizing.ppt
1. ORGANIZING: ED 3203
Course Instructor: Abdallah Ahmed
Suleiman
Meaning of organizing
Importance of organizing
Principles of organizing
Management of specialized areas in
a school
2. Organizing
Organizing is the process of putting together
resources(human, material, physical) and
creating structure for organization such as
sections, units and departments that will enable
people to work as an entity towards achieving
organizational goals.
Organizing also involves determining what tasks
should be done and who will do the tasks.
3. Organizing
Benefits of Organizing
- Helps to clarify tasks: what are the tasks,
who is doing what?, and performance
expectation from each
- Show division of labor: helps to avoid
conflict, misuse of resources, and
duplication of duties
- helps to create channels of communication
4. organizing
-every individual is placed on the job for
for which he/she is best suited
-helps to show the authority structure and
responsibilty
Ways of Organizing in Organization
Job Specialization
This means dividing the work in to specialized
tasks. In the school system this involves the
Division of a school into primary and secondary
levels, and allocating teachers into different
specialization of subjects for teaching.
5. Organizing
Departmentalization: This is the organization
division of work where similar activities/tasks
are put together to facilitate their execution.
In school set up there are Departments where
similar subjects are grouped together under one
Department e.g. department of natural science,
Department of social sciences, department of
languages etc.
6. Organizing
Chain of command: Refers to the flow of
authority and responsibility within the
Organization. This principle states that:
unbroken chain of command should link every
employee with someone at the higher level:
1. Unity of command: means employee report
only to one manager/only one manager
should give orders and instructions
(minimizes confusion, conflicts & delay)
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2.Span of Control/management:
Refers to the no. of employees reporting to one
manager. The fewer employees supervised
the smaller or narrower the span of control/
management
3.Scalar principle: Means the authority and
responsibility should flow in a direct line
vertically from top management to the lowest.
The scalar principle shows the division of work
8. Organizing
in the organization
Organizational Structure: Organizations have
formal structures portraying the way the
particular organization is organised.The
organizational structure shows hierarchical
arrangement of lines of authority and
communication between different levels of
management.
9. Organizing
There are two types of organizational
structures
-tall organizational structure
- flat organizational structure
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Generally tall structures creates many levels of
management with short/few span of control
while flat structures creates few levels of
management between top& bottom
Tall structures are found mostly in public
organizations and flat structures are found in
in business/industrial organizations. Flat
structures are considered better than tall
structures because they are:
14. organizing
Authority and Responsibility
Authority: Is the right to make decisions, issue
orders and use of resources:
Formal authority : Refers to legal authority. The
school head has formal authority by virtue of
his position in the school organizational
structure.
Line authority: The amount of authority each
manager possesses down the chain of command
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The primary function of line authority is to
make the organization work. Line managers
occupy line positions (line functions)
Staff Authority: Advisory in nature, often
offer advise and recommendations to the line
managers, can influence decision making but
do not appear in the organizational structure
(staff function)
16. organizing
Responsibility: Refers to the work or duties
assigned to a person by virtue of his position in
the Organization. Responsibility can either be
expressed in terms of duties or objectives.
Delegation: Delegation is the process of
assigning responsibility and authority to others
for achieving the intended objectives
17. Organizing
Advantages of Delegation
-leads to motivation of subordinates.
Subordinates are encouraged to give the
best at work when they have authority with
responsibility
-facilitates efficiency and quick actions –
Delegation save time enables the
subordinates to deal with the problem
promptly.
18. Organizing
-improve employees morale. Delegation
raises the moral of subordinates as they
are given duties and supporting authority.
They feel that they are responsible to the
employees.
- maintains cordial relationships. The
superior trust subordinates and give them
them necessary authority. The
19. Organizing
subordinates accept their accountability and
this develop cordial suprvisor-subodinates
relationships.
- Delegation acts as a training ground for
management development. It gives
opportunity to subordinates to learn, to
grow and develop new leadership
qualities and skills.
20. Organizing
Obstacles to effective Delegation:
-Unwillingness of management to delegate
Some managers think that they can do the
job themselves better.
-Lack of confidence: a manager may hesitate
to delegate authority if he feels that the
subordinates is not competent to do the
work and take decisions
21. Organizing
-Too much dependence on the manager
for decision: Some employees avoid
responsibility even when the manager
is ready to delegate authority
-Fear of criticism in case of mistakes,
fear that they may be criticized by
others
-Absence of positive incentive e.g.
recognition of work and rewards
22. Organizing
-Lack of self confidence: a subordinates may
lack confidence about his ability to quick
and correct decision
A poor subordinate –supervisor relations
may hamper the process of delegation
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Effective Delegation Techniques
-scope and details of responsibility must be
defined in writing
-resources for carrying out the responsibility
must be provided
-orientation to the new responsibility must
be provided
-scope of authority and power behind the
25. Organizing
Management of Resources: Organizing also
involves management of resources within the
organization.
Human Resource management(HRM)
HRM is the management function which deals
recruitment,placement,training and
development of organization members. HRM
include seven basic activities:
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1.Human resource planning: It is aimed at
ensuring that personnel(manpower) needs for
the organization are constantly and appropriate
met: present and future projection
2.Recruitment: Is concerned with developing a
pool of job candidates in line with the human
resource plan through advertisements.
3.Selection:It involves using application forms
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resumes, interviews, employment and skills
tests and reference checks to evaluate and
screen job candidates who will ultimately be
selected and hired
4. Socialization (orientation): The new
employees
are introduced to their colleagues, be
familiarized with their responsibilities,
and informed about organizational
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culture, policies and expectations about
employee behavior.
5. Training and Development: To increase
employees abilities to contribute to
organizational effectiveness.
6.Performance appraisal: Employees are
appraised to check if they meet the
performance standards set
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7. Promotions, transfers, demotions and
dismissals: Based on employees value to the
organization
Management of financial resources:
This involves budgeting: estimating income/
revenues and expenditures. Budgeting is
necessary to enable the organization to
implement its policies and strategic plan
In the school situation budgeting is intended
30. Organizing
to improve teaching and learning
Management of physical resources
This involves ensuring that the infrastructures
are well maintained and used effectively in
order to create conducive environment for
teaching: classroom, laboratories, toilets,
computer labs. water supply system, play
grounds, and other buildings
31. Organizing
Management of physical resources also
involves: Developing a comprehensive plan
for the use and orderly growth of the school
infrastructures.
32. Organizing
Organizational Culture:
Organizational culture is a set of values
shared by members within the organization
which are unique to that organization. Some
Of school values are:
Working committedly to improve students
learning.
Encourage spirit of team work.
Build an atmosphere accountability and
openness
33. Organizing
The school encourages freedom of
expression and constructive opinions
The school encourages the use of
alternative punishments
