Female Physicians in Alabama Before World War I
This document provides information on some of the early female physicians in Alabama before World War 1. It summarizes milestones for women in medicine nationally, including Elizabeth Blackwell becoming the first American woman to receive an M.D. in 1849. It then profiles several specific early female doctors from Alabama, including Halle Tanner Dillon who graduated from Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1891 and worked at Tuskegee Institute from 1891-1894. It also mentions Louisa Shepard, who was the first woman to earn an M.D. from a Southern medical school when she graduated from Graefenberg Medical Institute in Alabama in 1852. In addition, it provides data on the increasing numbers of female physicians nationally over time from 1890
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Female Physicians in Alabama Before World War I
- 1. A. J. Wright, M.L.S. Anesthesiology Library University of Alabama at Birmingham Female Physicians in Alabama Before World War I
- 2. HALLE TANNER DILLON (1864-1901) b. Pittsburgh, Penn. Women’s Med. Coll. Penn., 1891 Certified State Board, 1891 Tuskegee Inst., 1891-1894 Hale Infirmary, Montgomery (?)
- 4. ALABAMA MEDICAL PRACTICE ACT OF 1877 Designated MASA to establish physician standards/ qualifications MASA Board of Censors became state BME Each county's Board of Censors could also administer exams/issue licenses recognized statewide
- 5. Female Physician Milestones 1849: Elizabeth Blackwell becomes first American woman to receive medical degree 1850: Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania opens — world’s first medical school for women
- 6. Female Physician Milestones 1854: Ann Preston appointed professor of physiology and hygiene at Woman’s College 1857: NY Infirmary for Women & Children opens — first hospital run entirely by women 1881: By this date 17 state medical societies accepted women
- 7. U.S. Physicians: 1890 and 1900 Total Male Female 1890 104,805 100,248 4,557 1900 132,002 124,615 7,387 Source: Census Data
- 8. U.S. Physicians: 1970 and 1960 Male Female 1970 308,627 25,401 1996 580,130 156,149 Source: American Medical Association
- 9. Univ of Alabama SOM Admissions Male Female 1961 74 6 1989 129 36 1999 97 63 Source: UASOM
- 10. Louisa Shepard, M.D. Graefenberg Medical Institute Dadeville, Alabama: 1852-1861 Founded by Dr. Philip M. Shepard First woman to earn M.D. from Southern medical school Left Alabama for Texas
- 11. Ella Elizabeth Barnes, M.D. Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1893 Certified Jefferson Co. BME, 1893 Jefferson Co. Medical Society member, ca. 1894
- 12. Ionia R. Whipper, M.D. Howard Medical School, 1903 Succeeded Dillon at Tuskegee as resident physician Cared only for female patients Returned to Washington, D.C. and began work with unwed mothers Opened Ionia R. Whipper Home, Inc., for Unwed Mothers in 1931
- 13. Dicia Houston Baker, M.D. Born 1865 Laura Memorial Woman’s Medical College (Cincinnati), 1898 Certified Jefferson Co. BME, 1899 Jefferson Co. Medical Society, ca. 1901-05 AMA Member Died April 14, 1907 after 2 months illness
- 14. Annie May Robinson, M.D. Born May 14, 1865; Smithsburg, Maryland Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1905 Certified Jefferson Co. BME, 1907 Jefferson Co. Medical Society, ca. 1910 AMA Member Died October 1, 1920