Feeling the Heat: Explore an Urban Heat Island
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This presentation discusses how heat waves and temperatures have changed over time in Los Angeles, CA. It shows graphs of increasing heat wave frequency and duration, as well as rising average temperatures in LA. Global temperature data is also presented showing worldwide warming. To explain these patterns, the presentation discusses how LA has become more urbanized over the past century due to population growth, leading to increased heat island effects where dense urban areas are warmer than rural surroundings. Side-by-side images of LA from 1877, 1909, and 2002 demonstrate this urban expansion.
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further detail about each forcing component.
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shown; anthropogenic and natural forcings. It is important to remember that
not only anthropogenic forcings, natural forcings also drive climate change. For
example, glacial/Interglacial cycles we observed from the ice core samples
earlier this semester that recorded atmospheric conditions over last 450,000
years are clearly caused by natural forcings as we, homo sapiens, did not exist
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meter) quantifying how much each forcing contributes to climate change. Some
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positive number (contribute to warming). The total net forcing is currently a
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2) Regional temperature changes are often larger than global averages, with greater warming at northern high latitudes and Arctic regions.
3) Satellite and weather balloon data also indicate warming of the lower troposphere and cooling of the lower stratosphere.
4) Atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane have risen substantially since the industrial revolution due to human activities like fossil fuel burning
Climate Change in 24 US Cities
This study analyzes the temperature history of 24 American cities going back to 1895. Using a LOESS model, it forecasts prospective temperature increases over the next 40 years and out to 2100. And, it compares the 2100 forecast with the NOAA model(s). This comparison uncovers serious deficiencies within the NOAA model(s), as it does not fit the historical data well; and it does not differentiate much forecasts between various cities.
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Feeling the Heat: Explore an Urban Heat Island
- 1. This presentation was developed with funding from the Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Copyright NESTA Feeling the Heat
- 2. Feeling the heat This presentation is full of data and images to get you thinking! Discuss as a class the patterns you see and the reasons for those patterns. Looking for patterns Take a look at graph representations of the Los Angeles heat wave data and the average temperature data. How have they changed throguh time? Reasons for patterns Check out how global climate has changed over time and compare that with the data from Los Angeles. Take a look at how Los Angeles has grown through time and how that has impacted the heat island effect.
- 3. This graph shows the number of heat waves in Los Angeles, CA over the past century. Do you see a pattern? How have heat waves changed through time? (Graph from Tamrazian et al., 2008) Looking for patterns
- 4. This graph shows the duration of heat waves in Los Angeles, CA (measured in days.) Has there been a change through time? (Graph from Tamrazian et al., 2008) Looking for patterns
- 5. Looking for patterns How has the temperature in Los Angeles changed over time? This graph shows the average temperature for each year. See a pattern?
- 6. Warmer city temperatures are partially due to global warming. This graph shows how Earth’s average temperature has changed. Reasons for patterns
- 7. Reasons for patterns Notice above how the highest temperatures are found in the most dense part of a city? The 3 following slides show how LA has changed over time. How do you think the heat island effect has changed over time? What was the heat island effect like in 1877, 1909, and 2002?
- 8. Los Angeles, CA in 1877. East LA is on the left and West LA is on the right. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress) Reasons for patterns
- 9. Los Angeles, CA in 1909. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress) Reasons for patterns
- 10. Los Angeles, CA in 2002. This 3-D perspective view was generated using topographic data and an enhanced color Landsat 5 satellite image mosaic. Topography is exaggerated one and one-half times. (Courtesy of NASA/JPL) Reasons for patterns
- 11. Population Change in Los Angeles, CA 0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 3000000 3500000 4000000 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year NumberofPeople Reasons for patterns Population change in Los Angles since 1890. (Data from US Census Bureau)