The document provides guidance on how to effectively integrate quotations into writing. It recommends introducing a quotation with one sentence, including the quotation in the next sentence, and commenting on the quotation in at least one additional sentence. It also provides examples of strong and weak integration of quotations, and discusses formatting quotations correctly within the text and citations.

1. Who said “Our greatest weakness lies in
giving up. The most certain way to
succeed is always to try just one more
time”?
A. C.S. Lewis
B. Eleanor Roosevelt
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. Walt Disney
E. Thomas Edison

5. Remember these
points when selecting
and integrating
quotations in your
essay.

6. It is rarely effective to use an entire quoted
sentence. Long quotations tend to put your
reader to sleep. Your prose is far more
interesting and important. So use part of an
effective quotation as part of one of your
sentences.

7. Boring Example: According to Stoll, “Television
and computing make us more passive…and
passivity feeds into shyness” (395).
Better Example: Unfortunately, those who are
already shy may compound their problem
further as “[t]elevision and computing make us
more passive…and passivity feeds into
shyness” (Stoll 395).

8. After the sentence that contains the quotation,
you should have a space, parentheses, the
author’s last name, the page number,
parentheses, and a period.
Unfortunately, those who are already
shy may compound their problem
further as “[t]elevision and
computing make us more
passive…and passivity feeds into
shyness” (Stoll 395).

9. If you used the author’s name to introduce the
quotation, you should only put the page
number in the citation.
Stoll points out that those who are
already shy may compound their
problem further as “[t]elevision and
computing make us more
passive…and passivity feeds into
shyness” (395).

10. Boring Example: Stoll says, “Deep social ties are
relationships with frequent contact, deep feelings
of involvement, and broad content…[they] buffer
us from stress and lead to better social interaction”
(393).
Better Example: Stoll suggests we should look for
“deep social ties” because these bonds have
“frequent contact, deep feelings of involvement,
and broad content” that help to “buffer us from
stress and lead to better social interaction” (393).

11. To integrate a quotation properly within a
paragraph, a good writer usually has
(1) One sentence to introduce the quotation,
(2) a second sentence that includes the quotation,
and
(3) at least one sentence to comment on the
quotation.

12. Top piece of
bread: at least
one sentence
to introduce
the quotation
Meat:
sentence
that
contains
the
quotation Bottom piece of bread: at least one
sentence to explain or comment
on the quotation (usually the
majority of the paragraph)

13. ORIGINAL: However, the cloning protocol does not
tamper with embryos; it tampers only with unfertilized
eggs and adult cells like those we scratch off our arms
without a second thought. Only after the fact does an
embryo emerge (which could be treated with the
utmost respect if one so chooses).
SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION:
Silver argues that reproductive cloning does not violate
human embryos.
He asserts that the “[cloning protocol] tampers only with
unfertilized eggs and adult cells like those we scratch off our
arms without a second thought” (343).
While Silver makes a good point, reproductive cloning is
still unnatural. The embryo is created in a laboratory by
scientists.

14. Silver argues that reproductive cloning does not
violate human embryos. He asserts that the
“[cloning protocol] tampers only with
unfertilized eggs and adult cells like those we
scratch off our arms without a second thought”
(343). While Silver makes a good point,
reproductive cloning is still unnatural. The
embryo is created in a laboratory by scientists.

15. ORIGINAL: Although their genetically determined
inclinations may be the same, [the original person and the
clone] may choose to follow those inclinations in different
ways, or not at all.
SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION:
The environment in which people are raised affects them more
than their genetic code.
Though the original person and his clone may share “genetically
determined inclinations,” they have the choice “to follow those
inclinations in different ways, or not all” (Silver 343).
Michael Jordan was not born a great basketball player. Though
he may have some natural ability, he became great through hard
work, perseverance, and practice. Cloning Jordan would not
guarantee a great basketball star; on the contrary, the child
would have only the raw athletic talent and would lack the
circumstances and events that made Jordan who he is.

16. The environment in which people are raised affects
them more than their genetic code. Though the
original person and his clone may share “genetically
determined inclinations,” they have the choice “to
follow those inclinations in different ways, or not all”
(Silver 343). Michael Jordan was not born a great
basketball player. Though he may have some natural
ability, he became great through hard work,
perseverance, and practice. Cloning Jordan would not
guarantee a great basketball star; on the contrary, the
child would have only the raw athletic talent and
would lack the circumstances and events that made
Jordan who he is.

17. A “dropped quotation” has the same effect on
your paper that a blob of bird poop has on
your car windshield; it’s just splattered there
with no connection to anything else, and no
one knows what to do with it.
So, whenever you use a quotation, you must
integrate the material into your text.

18. Though many jobs require long hours on a
computer everyday, studies have shown that
staring at a monitor screen for extended
periods of time can cause depression. “After
following the study group, the psychologists
found an average increase in depression by
about one percent for every hour spent online
per week” (Stoll 393). The individual becomes
isolated from the outside world and though he
or she may be social in an online setting, there
is no true human contact.

19. Though many jobs require long hours on a
computer everyday, studies have shown that
staring at a monitor screen for extended
periods of time can cause depression. “After
following the study group, the psychologists
found an average increase in depression by
about one percent for every hour spent online
per week” (Stoll 393). The individual becomes
isolated from the outside world and though he
or she may be social in an online setting, there
is no true human contact.

20. Though many jobs require long hours on a
computer everyday, studies have shown that
staring at a monitor screen for extended
periods of time can cause depression: “After
following the study group, the psychologists
found an average increase in depression by
about one percent for every hour spent online
per week” (Stoll 393). The individual becomes
isolated from the outside world and though he
or she may be social in an online setting, there
is no true human contact.

21. Though many jobs require long hours on a
computer everyday, studies have shown that
staring at a monitor screen for extended
periods of time can cause depression. Stoll
states, “After following the study group, the
psychologists found an average increase in
depression by about one percent for every hour
spent online per week” (393). The individual
becomes isolated from the outside world and
though he or she may be social in an online
setting, there is no true human contact.

22. Though many jobs require long hours on a
computer everyday, studies have shown that
staring at a monitor screen for extended
periods of time can cause depression. In a
UCLA study, psychologists determined “an
average increase in depression by about one
percent for every hour spent online per week”
(Stoll 393). The individual becomes isolated
from the outside world and though he or she
may be social in an online setting, there is no
true human contact.

23. People all over the world are making connections
with other people online, and though this seems
like a positive step in expanding our network of
friends, we can forget that these people in the
online world are strangers. “Online friends can’t
be depended on for help with tangible favors:
small loans, baby-sitting, help with shopping, or
advice about jobs and careers ” (Stoll 394). Though
many people find help in online support groups,
the members of the group should not be
considered true friends. They may be able to offer
advice or commiserate with an individual, but they
do not offer the human connection one finds with a
person face to face.

24. People all over the world are making connections
with other people online, and though this seems
like a positive step in expanding our network of
friends, we can forget that these people in the
online world are strangers. “Online friends can’t
be depended on for help with tangible favors:
small loans, baby-sitting, help with shopping, or
advice about jobs and careers ” (Stoll 394). Though
many people find help in online support groups,
the members of the group should not be
considered true friends. They may be able to offer
advice or commiserate with an individual, but they
do not offer the human connection one finds with a
person face to face.

25. People all over the world are making connections
with other people online. People all over the world
are making connections with other people online,
and though this seems like a positive step in
expanding our network of friends, we can forget
that these people in the online world are strangers.
Stoll states, “Online friends can’t be depended on
for help with tangible favors: small loans, baby-
sitting, help with shopping, or advice about jobs
and careers ” (394). Though many people find
help in online support groups, the members of the
group should not be considered true friends. They
may be able to offer advice or commiserate with an
individual, but they do not offer the human
connection one finds with a person face to face.

26. People all over the world are making connections
with other people online. People all over the world
are making connections with other people online,
and though this seems like a positive step in
expanding our network of friends, we can forget
that these people in the online world are strangers.
These so-called friends cannot “be depended on
for help with tangible favors” (Stoll 394). Though
many people find help in online support groups,
the members of the group should not be
considered true friends. They may be able to offer
advice or commiserate with an individual, but they
do not offer the human connection one finds with a
person face to face.

27. Top piece of
bread: at least
one sentence
to introduce
the quotation
Meat:
sentence
that
contains
the
quotation Bottom piece of bread: at least one
sentence to explain or comment
on the quotation (usually the
majority of the paragraph)

28. Ellipses (three dots) indicate that some unnecessary
words have been left out of a quotation. When
using ellipses, remember:
 When you quote just a word or short phrase, no
ellipsis is necessary.
 You do not use an ellipsis to indicate that you have
left something out of the beginning of a sentence.
 Missing words from the end or somewhere in the
middle of a sentence need to be indicated with
ellipses.
 When you quote parts of more than one sentence,
you need four dots instead of three.

29.  Use brackets to indicate any changes you make
to quotations while fitting them into your
sentence. See the example under “Maintaining
a Smooth Sentence Style.”
 Remember, rather than changing more than
two items in a short quotation, find a better
way of integrating the quotation.

30.  Compare your discussion
questions
 Choose the best question
from your group
 Discuss!

33.  Even though it is sometimes possible for crazy people to
look totally normal on the outside, do you then think it was
really necessary for Rosenhan and his other participants to
grunge themselves up prior to starting the experiment itself?
 Do you agree with Robert Spitzer that the term “in
remission” in the psychiatric field to them it means sane.
What does the term “in remission” mean to you?
 How would you feel if when trying the experiment you got
stuck in a mental hospital longer than you thought you
would be there?
 How does psychiatry test for sanity when a psychiatrist
can’t test for it in the way a doctor tests for other diseases or
in the way science measures exactly?
 What is the reason for Rosenhan inviting people to act
insane when they are not? What did he want to discover?

35.  Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation
involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or
behaviors.
 This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to
an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or
behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore
balance etc.
Taken from http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-dissonance.html

38.  Find a golden line from “Sane”
 Said so well that you can’t paraphrase
 Slater (or another figure) makes a point (is not telling a
story or giving an example)
 Write the first word, ellipsis (…), the last word,
and the page number
 Compare yours with the person next to you
 Decide whose selection is better/more interesting
 As a pair, compare your selection with another
pair
 Decide whose selection is better/more interesting
 As a group of four, compare your selection with
another group of four
 Decide whose selection is better/more interesting

39.  What do you want to say about that quotation?
Do you have an example? Do you agree or
disagree? Do you want to elaborate?
 In your group of four, brainstorm ideas.
 Write notes, not complete sentences.
 Now, look at the your paragraph and the
quotation.
 In one sentence, what connection do you see
between the two?
 Come up with at least three possible sentences.

40.  S-E-E Paragraph
 Statement
 Evidence (quotation)
 Explanation
 How can we modify the quotation to fit
our paragraph?

41.  Choose one of the selections from your group
of eight (not the one we used as a class and not
the one you used in pairs) or find a new point
you would like to quote
 Write your explanation paragraph
 Look at the quotation and the explanation
paragraph and make connections between the
two in one sentence
 Adjust the quotation to fit your paragraph (and
make sure it is not dropped!)

42. A. “As He Himself Puts It”
B. “Being Sane in Insane Places”
C. Socratic Smackdown
D. Quoting
E. Introduction to Cognitive Dissonance

43. A. Quoting/“As He Himself Puts It”
B. SEE Paragraphs
C. “On Being Sane in Insane Places”
D. Essay #1
E. Something else (be prepared to tell
me what)

44. Due Tuesday, February 10 at 11:55 p.m.:
 Peer reviews of Essay #1 through Turnitin
Due Thursday, February 12 at 11:55 p.m.:
 Post to the weekly discussion on Moodle
Due Sunday, February 15 at 11:55 p.m.:
 Respond to at least two students in the Moodle discussion
 Essay #1 Final Draft due to Turnitin!
Due Monday, February 16 at 11:55 p.m.:
 Watch the EP video lessons “How to Structure Paragraphs in
Your Essay” and “Writing Revision” and take the respective
quizzes
Due Tuesday, February 17 at the beginning of class:
 Read “Yes/No/Okay, But” (Chapter 4 of They Say/I Say) and
come to class prepared to discuss
 Read “Quieting the Mind” (Chapter 5 of Opening Skinner’s Box)
and come to class prepared to discuss and complete the
Metacognitive Reading Log