The document discusses family planning (FP) as voluntary childbearing management and addresses infertility causes and treatments. It outlines FP objectives such as planned pregnancies, avoiding unwanted births, and providing education and resources, covering various contraceptive methods, including temporary and permanent options. Roles of health professionals, particularly nurses, are emphasized in providing care, education, and coordination in FP services.

1. BY: JAYDEEP PALIWAL
NURSING TUTORE

2. INTRODUCTION
• Family planning is the voluntary planning regarding child birth by a couple
i.e.
“CHILD BIRTH SHOULD BE ACCORDING TO THEIR CHOICE
AND
NOT BY CHANCE OR IN OTHER WORDS”

3. INFERTILITY
• Infertility is the inability of the couple to produce children. It may be due to
abnormality in male or female
• Causes of infertility
• Abnormality of reproductive system
• Immature sex organs
• Hormonal imbalance
• Psychological problems
• Malnutrition
• Excessive use of alcohol or tobacco
• Management of fertility
• Provide psychological support
• Identify the cause
• Investigate the cause
• Appropriate treatment intervention

4. OBJECTIVES OF FP
• To plan pregnancy according to the choice
• To avoid unwanted births
• To limit the size of the family
• To keep spacing between the pregnancies

5. GOAL OF FP
• 2 MAIN GOALS
1. OPERATIONAL GOALS
• To promote the voluntary acceptances of small family norms.
• Motivate peoples to adopt the spacing methods.
• To ensure easy availability of contraceptives to eligible couples.
• To arrange the medical and surgical services to achieve demographic targets
2. DEMOGRAPHIC GOALS
Are part of national population policy and continue to change with a change in the
policy

6. SCOPES OF FP
• Proper spacing between children
• Limited number of birth
• Premarital counselling
• Pregnancy test
• Providing services to unmarried mothers
• Preparing for first birth
• Educating about nutrition and finance
• Sex education
• Genetic counseling
• Education about parenthood
• Marital guidance
• Adoption services

7. ASPECT
• Health aspects
health of mother
health of children
• Economic aspects
• social aspects
• Political aspects

8. METHODS OF FP
TRMPORARY PERMANENT
VASECTOMY TUBECTOMY
BARRIER INTRAUTERINE HORMONAL POSTCOITAL MISCLLANEOUS
METHODS DEVICES METHODS CONCEPTION
(IUDs) METHODS

9. BARRIER METHOD
• CONDOM (male/ female)
• Failure rate 2 – 3 %
• Advantage
• Easily available
• Inexpensive and safe
• Easy to use
• No side effects
• Protects not only against pregnancy but also against STDs
• Light compact and disposable
• Diaphragm failure rate 6 -12%
• Vaginal sponge
• Small polyurethane foam sponge measuring 5 × 25 cm saturated with spermicidal
nonoxynol-9

10. CHEMICAL METHOD
• Chemical contraceptives which are placed in vagina.
• The chemical present in the devices destroys sperms.
• 4 categories
1. Foams tablets, foam aerosols
2. Creams, jellies and pastes
3. Suppositories inserted manually
4. Soluble films
• Advantage
• Used with condoms for the sake of extra protection.
• Disadvantages
• Produces irritation and burning sensation.
• Failure rate is high.

11. COMBINED METHODS
• INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
Non medicated Medicated
• lippe’s loop copper T
• POLYETHYLENE
• double “S” shape
• 4 size available (A,B,C,D)
• Nontoxic, reliable, stable
• Contains some amount of barium
so can be spotted in Xray

12. COPPER T
• Reduces the fertility of the women.
• Insertion of IUCD
• Inserted within 10 days of begning of menstruation or 6-8 wk after delivery
• Advantages
• An effective contraceptives
• Fertility can be restored after removal
• Inexpensive and easy to use
• Do not requires continues supervision
• Can be used up to 10 years
• Free from any harmful effects
• Dis advantages
• Pain and bleeding
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Spontaneous expulsion
• Infection of pelvis
• Perforation of uterus

13. HORMONAL METHODS
• MIXED PILLS
• MALA N i.e norethisterone acetate + ethinylestradiol
• MALA D i.e. norgestrel + ethinylestradiol
• MINI PILLS
• Taken from 5th day of MC to 21st day continuously
• It should be taken regularly
• Not much popular due to high failure rate
• POSTCOITAL CONTRACEPTION PILLS
• Taken within 48 hr of unsafe coitus
• NON STEROIDAL WEEKLY ORAL PILLS
• Famous as “SAHELI” it is taken once in a week
• EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
• Taken within 72 hr. after unprotected sexual intrercourse

14. CONT.…
• ADVANTAGES
• easy to use
• Inexpensive and easily available
• High rate of safety
• Regularity in menstrual cycle and reduction of breast disease.
• DISADVANTES
• Cant be used in cse of heart disease
• Metabolic effects may result to weight gain, blood pressure, clotting of blood and heart
failure etc.
• Not suitable for women above 40 year of age
• May result in tenderness in breast, uneasiness, pain, headache and irregularity of
bleeding may occure
• other problems like liver diesaes, reduce lactation and ectopic pregnancy may arise.

15. MISCELLANEOUS METHODS
• COITUS INTERRUPTUS
• BREAST FEEDING
• BIRTH CONTROLL VCCINES
• SAFE PERIOD

16. PERMENANT METHOD
• VASECTOMY
• NON SCALPEL VASECTOMY (NSV)
• ADVANTAGES
• No side effect of hormones
• Cheaper and simpler than tubectomy
• No hospitalization required
• Recanalization is possible
• Permanent, safe and inexpensive technique
• Does not interfere with sexual pleasure

17. CONT..
• DISADVANTAGES
• Local infections
• Hematoma in scrotum
• Pain
• Impotency, headache, uneasiness, if person is not properly convinced

18. TUBECTOMY
• Permanent method of female sterilization
• Abdominal tubectomy
• Minilap
• Laparoscopy
• ADVANTAGE
• Minimum complication
• Less expensive
• 100% safe against pregnancy
• Whole process completed in one attempt

19. ROLE OF NURSE
• Survey worker
• Health educator
• Coordinator & provider of primary health care services
• Motivation function
• Advocate for the family
• Family care planner
• Managerial functions
• Conducting clinics
• Consultant
• Collaborator
• Counselor
• Leadership & evaluator
• Researcher