Factors are numbers that can be multiplied together to produce another number. The prime factorization of a number breaks it down into a product of prime numbers. For example, the prime factorization of 48 is 2 x 2 x 2 x 3, as 48 can be broken down into its prime factors of 2 and 3. There are two methods for finding the prime factorization of a number: using a factor tree or a ladder.