Hho kit Ic engine 4 stroke

2.  MUHAMMAD KAMRAN BMEF19M005
 MUHAMMAD SAEED LATIF BMEF19M008
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUPERVISOR NAME: Engr. MANSOOR ALI ZAHEER

3.  PROBLEM STATEMENT
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
 INTRODUCTION
 APPLICATIONS
 EXPECTED RESULTS
 METHODOLOGY
 WORKFLOW
 ESTIMATED COST
 PROJECT TIMELINE
 REFERENCES

4.  Implementation of the concept of large scale 3D
cutters and engravers to small scale laser cutting
and engraving machine.
 Designing and fabrication of an easy and portable
body with a laser module. And the laser module is
adjusted to provide the required manipulation
capability for proper engraving.
 To improve the controller and make it advance.

5.  We are working on expansion of this project to make this machine more
advance and scaling it 1.5 times than previous one.
 To reduce the large scale industrial engraving machine to a small portable
lab equipment.
 To extend the concept of laser engraving machine up to daily useable
materials like paper, polystyrene and thin sheets.
 To improve the controller by using Raspberry.
 To make it more advance.

6.  Laser engraving is the process of using laser machine to
engrave or mark an object or surface for product
identification. Laser Engraving is the process of removal
of material from the top surface down to a specific
depth.
 Laser is the acronym of "Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation".
 There are main three steps for light emission;
 Absorption
 Spontaneous Emission
 Stimulated Emission.

7.  A laser engraving machine generally have four
main parts:
 Laser
 Controller
 Surface
 Motor
 The main advantages of laser process are
 Non contact working
 High accuracy
 High repeatability
 Higher scanning speed

8.  The apparatus can be portable and have low operational cost.
 Laser technology can be of high precision and lightweight.
 This process can be of processing efficiency and easy to learn features.
 It has less wear and tear as compared to conventional engraving.
 This machine have high degree of automation.
 Multiple programs and choice of characters.
 There will be HDMI display means no need of external computer, file can
be shared by USB.

9.  Thicker materials are more difficult to cut and require very low speeds.
 Higher density materials like glass can’t be cut.
 It can burn the edges of any material you want to cut.
 Some materials, like plastic can produce toxic emissions.
 Production speed isn’t always consistent, depending on the material
thickness and density.

10.  Laser engraving represents one of the most versatile and accessible forms of marking
available. For this reason, contractors, industrial manufacturers, site managers and even
homeowners use this process for applications in a variety of industries.
1. Awards and Trophies
2. Barcode Creation
3. Decorative or Commemorative Annotations
4. Medical and Electronic Components
5. Signage
6. Logo print

11.  The production and fabrication of this machine will enable us to engrave
surfaces like soft wood, paper, plastics and porcelain at very low cost with
exceptional speed in three dimensions which would be very effective and
economical source of engraving as compared to conventional machines that
have very large size as compared to this prototype.

12.  Hardware Selection according to project specifications
I. Raspberry pi & Programming Discussion
II. Selecting Motors/Actuators and their drivers
III. Selecting Laser Module
IV. HDMI display.
 Design and Modelling Using Software
a) Designing of Circuit Diagram
b) Modelling in CAD software
 Purchasing Parts and Fabrication
 Assembling the machine
 Required programming

13. Hardware
Selection
Raspberry Pi,
Motors and their
driver Selections
HDMI display
Find Wire
Materials
Design and
Modeling Using
Software
Machine Design
in CAD
Software.
Circuit
Designing in
Proteus.
Purchasing or
Fabrication of
Parts and their
Assembly
Purchasing
Mechanical and
Circuit
Components
Fabricating
Other parts
Required
Shapes
Programming
2D and 3D
shapes
programming

14.  Since we are working on expansion of this project and want to
make it more smart, accurate and to increase its size 1.5 time of
previous size.
 The previous machine frame was having a dimension of
400x330x240mm. Now it will be 600x500x350 mm
 The dimension of the bed was 270x180mm. Now it will be
400x260mm.
 The laser module can move in Z-axis up to 35mm.

15.  Raspberry Controller
$35.09 8000pkr
 7inch HMI Display
$52.14 12000pkr
 Laser Engraving machine frame
$67.68 15000pkr
 Electrical Components
$67.68 15000pkr
 Total Estimate Cost
$219.3 50000pkr
REFERENCES:
www.daraz.pk/products/8-mm-linear-rod
www.multanelectronics.com/product/silver-2020-t-slot

16.  Hardware Selection (October to November)
 Design and Modeling Using Software (December to January)
 Purchasing and Fabrication of Parts and Assembly(February)
 Programming of some shapes as testing (March and April)
 Testing and removing of bugging (May)
 Finishing and report on cost effectiveness materials etc. (June to
Submission)

17.  [1,2,3] K. Prashant, Mohamed Iqbal Khatib, Abdul Shahrukh, Naqi
Ali Mirza, Shaik Mujahid, Abdul Sattar, Mohammed Abdul
Muqeeth Kazim “Design and Fabrication of Laser Engraving
Machine”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology, Volume 7, issue 3, pp (250-262),
June,2020.
 Arduino Guide from Arduino.cc. the official website of
Manufacturers
 (Boresi, A. P. and Schmidt, R. J. and Sidebottom, O. M., 1993,
Advanced mechanics of materials).
 (Narayan, K. Lalit (2008). Computer Aided Design and
Manufacturing).