Eye

1. THE EYE
Dr.Abokor Bigille(MD)

2. ANATOMY OF THE EYE

3. CONGENITAL
 Microphthalmos (abnormally small eyes)
 Colobomas (defective formation of iris and
ciliary body)
 Cyclopean synophthalmus (fused eyes)
 Cataracts

4. CONJUNCTIVA
 Conjunctivitis:
• Inflammation of the conjunctiva
 Allergic, Bacterial, Viral, Chemical

5. ACUTE CONJUNCTIVITIS

6. CONJUNCTIVITIS
 Viral Bacterial

7. TRACHOMA
 20 to Chlamydia trachomatis => scarring
of cornea => major cause of blindness
 Stage I: inflammatory infiltrates &
pannus
 Stage II: more follicles, severe pannus;
 Stage III: scarring
 Stage IV: continuing corneal damage,
infection

8. TRACHOMATOUS INFLAMMATION,
FOLLICULAR

9. TRACHOMATOUS CONJUNCTIVAL
SCARRING
 Scars in the tarsal conjunctiva

10. TRACHOMA
 Trichiasis Corneal opacity

11. CONJUNCTIVITIS
 Trachoma Allergic conjunctivitis

12. HERPETIC KERATITIS

13. EYELID
 Stye (hordeolum): acute suppurative
inflammation of sebaceous glands or follicles
 Chalazion: common, lipogranuloma that
develops near meibomian glands or glands of
Zeis 20 to lipid extravasations

14.  internal stye  internal hordeolum - a
meibomian abscess

15. Chalazion

16. GLAUCOMA
 Increased intraocular pressure (due to
impaired outflow of aqueous humor)
 Diverse etiologies: congenital, primary or
secondary
 Degenerative changes: enlargement of
globe (buphthalmos) or cornea
(megalocornea) in childhood onset;
atrophy of retinal ganglion cell layer &
reduction of nerve fiber & inner nuclear
layers, cupping (deep excavation) of
optic disc

17. CUPPING OF OPTIC DISC IN GLAUCOMA

18. LENS & VITREOUS
 Cataract
 progressive opacity of crystalline lens
that decreases visual acuity
 Congenital or acquired
 Age related, systemic diseases
(Diabetes, Wilson disease), drugs
(corticosteroids), radiation, trauma,
glaucoma, uveitis

19. CATARACT

20. CATARACT OF THE CRYSTALLINE LENS
WITH OPACIFICATION

21. OPTIC NERVE ATROPHY
 20 to
 optic neuritis, papilledema, glaucoma, retina-
choroid lesions
 optic nerve or brain (trauma, tumor,
demyelinating disorders, hydrocephalus)

22. RETINA
 Retinal detachment: separation of
neurosensory retina (rods and cones) from
retinal pigment epithelium
 Diabetes mellitus
 Cause of blindness

23. RETINOBLASTOMA
 May be congenital, most before the age
of five years
 60% sporadic, 40% familial (autosomal
dominant)
 Develops in 80-90% of those with mutant
alleles in retinoblastoma (Rb) gene at
13q14
 Bilateral in 30%
 White reflex (leukokoria) present in
affected eye

24. RETINOBLASTOMA
 Invade optic nerve & uveal tract
 Distant metastases to bone
 5 year survival: 90% if unilateral

25. RETINOBLASTOMA
 Child with a white eye reflection & squint

26. RETINOBLASTOMA
 Ocular fundus aspect of retinoblastoma

27. .
THANK YOU