This document describes research conducted by the Laboratory of Functional Analysis of Behavior (LAFC) using eye-tracking techniques. The LAFC uses eye tracking to study cognitive load in various domains like flight simulation, ambulance dispatching, healthcare, driving, ATM usability, and web usability. Different eye tracking metrics and analyses are used like fixation patterns, scanpaths, heatmaps, and blind maps to assess cognitive workload, interface usability, and effectiveness. Research has been supported by organizations like the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development and Fiat Research Center.

1. LAFC
Laboratory of functional analysis of behavior (Dept. of Psychology)
Centre for Television and Distance Education Technology Applications
EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
w3.uniroma1.it/lafc | cattid.uniroma1.it

2. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
A Simple Tool for Examining
Fixations (ASTEF)
Supported by the European Office of
Aerospace Research and Development of
the Air Force (grant #FA8655-05-1-3021)
Camilli, M., Nacchia, R., Terenzi, M., & Di Nocera, F. (2008). ASTEF: A Simple Tool for
Examining Fixations. Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 373-382. LAFC |

3. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
COGNITIVE LOAD ASSESSMENT IN FLIGHT SIMULATION
LAFC |

4. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
COGNITIVE LOAD ASSESSMENT IN FLIGHT SIMULATION
Scanpath analysis
Assessment of the pilots scanning behavior
by the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI)

5. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
Time series analysis
Development of an on-line
measure of mental workload
Di Nocera, F., Camilli, M., & Terenzi, M. (2007). A random glance at the flight deck: pilot’s scanning
strategies and the real-time assessment of mental workload. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and LAFC |
Decision Making, 1(3), 271-285.

6. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT IN AMBULANCES DISPATCHERS’ SIMULATION
Experimental scenario
at University of Groningen (The Netherlands)
LAFC |
host-coordinator: Dr. Ir. Ben Mulder

7. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT IN AMBULANCES DISPATCHERS’ SIMULATION
Command & Control system for ambulance dispatching
two-monitor workstation (communication and GPS map)
LAFC |

8. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
Gouped fixation pattern Wide fixation pattern
NNI NNI
Mental workload
Camilli, M., Stuiver, A., Takens, W., Di Nocera, F. & Mulder, B. A short segment approach to
cardiovascular and ocular responses to task events and mental workload changes. Annual
Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter, October 14-16 2009, LAFC |
Linköping: Sweden.

9. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
COGNITIVE LOAD ASSESSMENT IN HEALTHCARE
Scanphat analysis
Effectiveness of radiologists scanning pattern
LAFC |

10. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
IN-VEHICLE DEVICE INTERACTION IN DRIVING SIMULATION
Camilli, M., Dibitonto, M., Vona, A., Grimaldi, R., Di Nocera, F. & Medaglia, C.M. (2011). Searching Digital Audio Broadcasting
radio stations: usability and safety issues for in-vehicle devices. In proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCHI Italian Chapter
International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Facing Complexity, September 14-16, 2011, Alghero (pp. 143-
147): ACM press.
LAFC |

11. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
IN-VEHICLE DEVICE INTERACTION IN DRIVING SIMULATION
Scanpath analysis
Eye-transitions from the driving scene
Heatmap analysis
AOIs while driving
LAFC |

12. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
Driver’s cognitive load assessment “Effectiveness” of in-vehicle feedback
The Analysis of Visual Exploration Pattern as a Method for Assessing the Driver’s Mental Workload.
Supported by Fiat Research Center (principal investigator:. Francesco Di Nocera, Ph.D.)
LAFC |

13. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
USABILITY EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE
LAFC |

14. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
USABILITY EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE
Eye-tracker set-up
Remote system in
real-world interactive kiosk
LAFC |

15. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
USABILITY EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE
Testing with users
Eye-recording
in real-world context of use
LAFC |

16. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
USABILITY EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE
Testing with users
On-line analysis
of the eye scanning path
LAFC |

17. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
USABILITY EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE
Heatmap analysis
Off-line evaluation of real-world system or PC-based prototype
Camilli, M., Dibitonto, M., Vona, A., Medaglia, C.M. & Di Nocera, F. (2011). User-centered design approach
for interactive kiosks: evaluation and redesign of an automatic teller machine. In proceedings of the 9th ACM
SIGCHI Italian Chapter International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Facing Complexity, LAFC |
September 14-16, 2011, Alghero (pp. 85-91): ACM press.

18. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
WEB USABILITY TEST
Scanpath analysis
Testing interface layout
by the fixations sequence
LAFC |

19. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
WEB USABILITY TEST
Heat map analysis
Detection of Areas of Interest (AOIs)
by the fixations concentration
LAFC |

20. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
WEB USABILITY TEST
Blind map
Identifying “blindness” effects
on the interface’s objects
LAFC |

21. EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
ANALYSIS OF WEB-BASED APP
ON LARGE DISPLAY
LAFC |

22. LAFC
Laboratory of functional analysis of behavior (Dept. of Psychology)
Centre for Television and Distance Education Technology Applications
EYE – TRACKING TECHNIQUES
w3.uniroma1.it/lafc | cattid.uniroma1.it