Presentation Title Eye Care Marketing: from “Buy One Get One” to Marketing 5.0 Overview BOGOF or simply put BOGO which are the acronyms for “Buy One Get One Free”, is one of the world’s oldest promotional techniques. It is simple and popular however today’s businesses need to progressively gamify their promotions to stand out against mediocrity and thrive in the modern professional landscape. In this lecture we will discuss with participants marketing in eye care from Marketing 1.0 to Marketing 5.0 and show some of the ideas throughout history as well as the latest ideas that distinguish this field. In the fifty minutes’ session we will also highlight additional required and optional skills to master and succeed in building competitive advantage and sustainable growth using effective eye care marketing strategies. Presenter Dr. Gilbert Nacouzi Biography Dr. Gilbert Nacouzi Is an Optometrist by trade and did research in Entrepreneurship. After completing his Bachelor's Degree in Optometry he studied strategy at Harvard Business School, Boston, USA An MBA, Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Healthcare Management at Marylhurst University at Portland, Oregon USA A DBA, Doctorate of Business Administration, and research in Business Administration, at Columbia Southern University, Orange Beach Alabama, USA. Doctor Nacouzi has more than two decades of experience in working in the retail industry and building healthcare and eye care business models. He is the owner of Optic Nacouzi and he serves as Editor in Chief at Optical Forum Flipbook Magazine.

1. EyeCare
Marketing:
from “Buy One Get One” to Marketing 5.0
PAGE 1
Dr. Gilbert Nacouzi
Editor In Chief
Optical Forum Flipbook Magazine

2. ECPs
should be
directly
involved in
Marketing For
technical
and
social
Reasons
Reason 1: To understand the marketplace
Reason 2: To know where we will be in the future
Reason 3: To discover the customer segments
Reason 4: To direct sales
Reason 5: Marketing is a humanistic subject
PAGE 2

3. Series of
FIRSTS
since
1600s
The first department store in history, that is in Japan,
the Mitsui family in 1650.
The first newspaper ad that was in England in 1657, an ad for coffee
The first advertising agency in 1868 W. Ayers and Sons
The first Brand Name Product, 1870 Pears soap
The First Packaging 1880, Laundry soap in England
The first Marketing Research Department 1911 Curtis Publishing Co
The first Marketing books, that were written by economists.
PAGE 3

4. Forms of
Marketing
you may
find
yourself
in
Commercial Marketing
Place Marketing: location, surface, dress it up, furnish it, displays you use, make the customer
feel comfortable
Person Marketing: you market yourself like a Rock Star, on stage rather than the front raw, get
high visibility and get noticed, become a better product.
Social Marketing: eat healthy, stop smoking, no sugar, no computer screens. Celebrate days,
world woman day, world pistachio day, world optometry day, Glaucoma day.
Political Marketing: make an impact in the eye care, bring up awareness and advocacy by
becoming ambassador for a specific cause, better eye care, writing and advocating for specific
policies, a better educational system, advocating for post graduate degrees, continuing
education training, etc...
Fundraising Marketing: reward based crowdfunding, donation based crowdfunding, or even
equity based crowdfunding
PAGE 4

5. Presentation
Outline
PAGE 5
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes
We will cover these Topics

6. Generational Cohort Theory
 Baby boomers (1946–1964)
 Generation Xers (1965–1980)
 Millennials (1981–1996)
 Generation Z (1997–2012)
 Generation Alpha (2011-2025)
PAGE 6
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0 Discussion of Outcomes References

7. Generational Cohort Theory
 Baby boomers (1946–1964)
 Generation Xers (1965–1980)
 Millennials (1981–1996)
 Generation Z (1997–2012)
 Generation Alpha (2011-2025)
PAGE 7
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0 Discussion of Outcomes References
• Traditional, marketing savvy, wealthy
retirements
• Readers, computers users, use mobile
phones for texting
• Use social media to network with
family members, hardly respond to
ads.
• Loyal to brands, have the money to
still buy and use them.

8. Generational Cohort Theory
 Baby boomers (1946–1964)
 Generation Xers (1965–1980)
 Millennials (1981–1996)
 Generation Z (1997–2012)
 Generation Alpha (2011-2025)
PAGE 8
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0 Discussion of Outcomes References
• Self-sufficient, results-oriented, hard-
working, and quiet achievers
• Savvy entrepreneurs, independent
thinkers, educated and life long
learners
• Value diversity, fun in the workplace,
inclusive, change jobs, value being
challenged
• Technology, digital, and social media
• Adapt and readily accept change in
the workplace, market, and its
environment.
• Spenders, researchers, read reviews,
love coupons or discounts.
• Value constructive feedback, dislike
being micromanaged

9. Generational Cohort Theory
 Baby boomers (1946–1964)
 Generation Xers (1965–1980)
 Millennials (1981–1996)
 Generation Z (1997–2012)
 Generation Alpha (2011-2025)
PAGE 9
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0 Discussion of Outcomes References
• Largest age group, well-educated,
tech-savvy
• Idealistic, socially conscious, change
the world, green consumers, ethical
buying choices
• Distrustful of commercial advertising,
seek honesty, integrity, and respect
• Brand entertainment, advocates,
influencers, and peers
• Researchers, reviewers, loyalty offers

10. Generational Cohort Theory
 Baby boomers (1946–1964)
 Generation Xers (1965–1980)
 Millennials (1981–1996)
 Generation Z (1997–2012)
 Generation Alpha (2011-2025)
PAGE 10
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0 Discussion of Outcomes References
• Influenced in less than 8 seconds
• Brand loyalty is not important, value
quality over loyalty;
• Influenced by family and peers,
creatively post on social media, value-
conscious,
• Own celebrities, socially right brands,
• Informal education path, practical and
logic-based offers.

11. Generational Cohort Theory
 Baby boomers (1946–1964)
 Generation Xers (1965–1980)
 Millennials (1981–1996)
 Generation Z (1997–2012)
 Generation Alpha (2011-2025)
PAGE 11
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0 Discussion of Outcomes References
• Generation Alpha born after 2010
• will be the new kids on the block
• Kidfluencer Ryan’s World, 200M plus
sales influence, 32M YouTube sub, 1B
plus video viewers
• User, Buyer, Payer

12. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 12
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions

13. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 13
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions
It’s all about the product
• Best Quality
• Best Price
• Best Offers
• Buy One Get One
• Lifestyle discounts
• Flash sales
• Vouchers Coupons
• Joint promotions
• TV ads, radio,
magazines…
• Shopping Sprees
• Bundles
• Package deal
• Referral Discounts
• Family size

14. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 14
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions

15. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 15
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions
It’s all about the customer
• Free shipping, delivery
• Phone Orders, 100%
satisfaction guaranty
or Money back
• Lifetime guaranty
• Lifetime repair service
• Free trial, Try before
you buy
• Return Policy
• CRM, Databases,
Metrics
• loyalty card program
• Customer
communication center
• support center

16. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 16
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions

17. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 17
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions
It’s all about the Human
• Data Mining, Tracking
Metrics, analytics
• Social Media Facebook,
Instagram, YouTube,
Twitter, tumblr
• SEO, Google, yahoo,
• Addressing Customer
Concerns
• Buy 1 Give 1 Free
• Corporate Social
Responsibility, CSV
• Fighting for social
cause, Creating
Awareness, Advocating

18. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 18
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions

19. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 19
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions
It’s all about Friends,
Family, Fans, and
Followers
• Social Online Shopping,
• Optimizing your
website to multiple
devices: computers,
laptops, mobile,
tablets, wearables,
• Reviews, feedback,
Websites, Blogs, Social
Media, Mobile Apps
• High connectivity
across networks, new
customer path,
touchpoints

20. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 20
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
• Aim: create & enhance
value across the
customer journey
• Enabler: Human-
mimicking technologies
• Market: All Five
Generations
• Marketing Concept:
create relationships
through technology
• Marketing Guidelines:
Balancing between human
and computer Intelligence
• Value Proposition:
Create more relevant
solutions

21. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 21
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
• Aim: Only for Product
Sales
• Enabler: Industrial
Revolution
• Market: Mass
Customers with
material needs
• Marketing Concept:
Product Development
• Marketing Guidelines:
Product specificities
• Value Proposition:
Functional
• Aim: Satisfaction and
customer Retention
• Enabler: Information
Technology
• Market: intelligent
customers driven by
reason & emotions
• Marketing Concept:
Diversification &
distinction
• Marketing Guidelines:
positioning the
company & product
• Value Proposition:
Functional & Emotional
• Aim: The world is a
better place, + values
• Enabler: A New Wave
of Technology
• Market: A man with
reason, heart, and
soul
• Marketing Concept:
Providing higher
values
• Marketing Guidelines:
Mission, vision, and
company values
• Value Proposition:
Functional, Emotional,
& Spiritual
• Aim: Inspire clients to
Co-create new content
• Enabler: Digital
Economy
• Market: The citizen of
the network
• Marketing Concept:
Humanizing Brands
• Marketing Guidelines:
Promoting Content &
Creating Brands
• Value Proposition:
Commitment & Trust
All about the technology
• Artificial Intelligence AI
• Internet of things IOT
• Virtual Reality VR
• NFT and Metaverse
• Tracking, Mapping, and
optimizing Touchpoints
throughout the
customer experience.
• NLP Natural Processing
Language in digital
Marketing
• Machine Learning
• Predictive Analytics

22. Marketing X.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
PAGE 22
Generational Cohort Theory
Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes References
Product Centric Customer Centric Human Centric Digital Shift Next Tech
It’s all about the customer
• Free shipping, delivery
• Phone Orders, 100%
satisfaction guaranty
or Money back
• Lifetime guaranty
• Lifetime repair service
• Free trial, Try before
you buy
• Return Policy
• Returning Customer
discounts
• loyalty card program
• Customer
communication center
• support center
It’s all about Friends,
Family, Fans, and
Followers
• Social Online Shopping,
• Optimizing your
website to multiple
devices: computers,
laptops, mobile,
tablets, wearables,
• Reviews, feedback,
Websites, Blogs, Social
Media, Mobile Apps
• High connectivity
across networks, new
customer path,
touchpoints
It’s all about the Human
• Data Mining, Tracking
Metrics, analytics
• Social Media Facebook,
Instagram, YouTube,
Twitter, tumblr
• SEO, Google, yahoo,
• Addressing Customer
Concerns
• Buy 1 Give 1 Free
• Corporate Social
Responsibility, CSV
• Fighting for social
cause, Creating
Awareness, Advocating
It’s all about the customer
• Free shipping, delivery
• Phone Orders, 100%
satisfaction guaranty
or Money back
• Lifetime guaranty
• Lifetime repair service
• Free trial, Try before
you buy
• Return Policy
• CRM, Databases,
Metrics
• loyalty card program
• Customer
communication center
• support center
It’s all about the product
• Best Quality
• Best Price
• Best Offers
• Buy One Get One
• Lifestyle discounts
• Flash sales
• Vouchers Coupons
• Joint promotions
• TV ads, radio,
magazines…
• Shopping Sprees
• Bundles
• Package deal
• Referral Discounts
• Family size

23. Discussion And
Outcomes
 Marketing 1.0: Marketing To Baby
Boomers.
 Marketing 2.0: Marketing To Gen X.
 Marketing 3.0: Marketing To Millennials.
 Marketing 4.0: Marketing To Gen Z.
 Marketing 5.0: Marketing To Gen α.
PAGE 23
Generational Cohort Theory Marketing X.0
Discussion of Outcomes
References

24. References
References
 Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., & Setiawan, I. (2021). Marketing 5.0:
Technology for humanity. John Wiley & Sons.
 Lambin, J. J. (2013). Changing market relationships in the
internet age. Presses univ. de Louvain.
 Mannheim, K. (1970). The problem of
generations. Psychoanalytic review, 57(3), 378-404.
 Moss, S. (2010). Generational cohort theory. Psychlopedia,
Key theories, Developmental Theories, Erisim Tarihi, 27,
2014.
 Nacouzi, G. P. (2019). The Influence of National Culture on
Crowdfunding Adoption (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia
Southern University).
 “image: Freepik.com”. This presentation has been designed
using resources from Freepik.com
PAGE 24
First Skill Second Skill Third Skill
References