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Extending Your Applications to the Edge with CDNs

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Salesforce Developers
Salesforce Developers

CDNs have traditionally been considered "black box" services with lack of control and visibility. Modern applications and DevOps culture require more flexibility, customization, and insight into your infrastructure, and how content is being served. In this talk, we'll explore how you can use content delivery networks as an extension of your applications, with full control, flexibility, and transparency at the network edge.

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Extending  Applica/ons  To  The  Edge   With  CDNs   Hooman  Behesh/,  VP  Technology   Dreamforce  2015  
CDN   •  Globally  distributed  network  of  servers   •  Built  primarily  with  caching  engines  (squid,  nginx,   varnish,  etc)   •  Footprints  vary   •  Benefits:   –  Performance   –  Origin  offload   –  Much  much  more…  
In  the  past…  
Classic  CDNs   •  Black  box  service   •  Making  changes  sucked!   •  LiXle  to  no  real-­‐/me  interfaces   – Configura/on,  visibility,  etc   •  Lots  of  professional  services   •  Decent  caching,  terrible  uncaching  
Usage  pa(erns  have  changed
CDNs  have  had  to  evolve…
Caching
Types  of  Content
Cacheable   Uncacheable   Sta$c  Dynamic  
Sta<c  =  Cacheable
Cache-Control: max-age=31536000
Sta<c  =  Cacheable All  Else  =  Dynamic  =  Uncacheable
Dynamic  Content
Sta<c  =  Cacheable All  Else  =  Dynamic  =  Uncacheable
Sta<c  =  Cacheable All  Else  =  Dynamic  =  Uncacheable
Cacheable   Uncacheable  Sta$c   Dynamic   Event   Driven  
Sta<c  for  unpredictable  periods  of  <me Event  Driven  Content:
Uncaching
Purging
Purging  content  from  a  CDN •  Event-­‐driven  content  can  be  cached  if  the  CDN  allows  instantaneous   programma/c  purging   •  Cache  normally   •  Purge  when  change  trigger  happens   •  Rinse  and  repeat!   •  Slow  purge  /mes  unacceptable  in  this  case   •  We  need  instant  purging   •  Determinis/c  and  predictable  
Purging  content  from  a  CDN •  Event-­‐driven  content  can  be  cached  if  the  CDN  allows  instantaneous   programma/c  purging   •  Cache  normally   •  Purge  when  change  trigger  happens   •  Rinse  and  repeat!   •  Slow  purge  /mes  unacceptable  in  this  case   •  We  need  instant  purging   •  Determinis/c  and  predictable  
Example:   CMS  (blog)  +  Purge
CMS:  Then CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Then CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Then CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Then CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Then CDN  Node   Cache   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 55,666 Cache-Control: Totally Long Time! CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 55,666 Cache-Control: Totally Long Time! CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   PURGE   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   PURGE   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   (Has  to  be  instantaneous!)   PURGE   CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 55,666 Cache-Control: Totally Long Time! CMS  Origin  
CMS:  Now CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
Long  tail  content     and     cache  hit  ra<o
Origin  
Origin   Cache          
TCP   Origin   Cache          
HTTP   Origin   Cache          
Origin   Cache           HTTP  
Origin   Cache           HTTP  
Origin   Cache           HTTP  
Origin   Cache           HOT   COLD  
Origin   Cache           cache  “hit”  
Object  storage
Caching •  Cache  more   •  Serve  more  from  the  edge   •  Control  caching  and  uncaching,  instantaneously    
Control
Programmability •  Granular  invalida/on  API   •  Configura/on  API   •  Logic  at  the  edge   •  All  configura/on  interac/on  must  be  instantaneous  
Control  at  the  edge •  Moving  applica/on  logic  to  the  edge   •  Example:  VCL  (Varnish  Configura/on  Language)   •  Script-­‐like  configura/on  for  func/onality  at  the  edge  
Control  at  the  edge •  Moving  applica/on  logic  to  the  edge   •  Example:  VCL  (Varnish  Configura/on  Language)   •  Script-­‐like  configura/on  for  func/onality  at  the  edge   •  Not  exclusive  to  varnish   •  Any  mechanism  offered  by  the  CDN  to  allow  logic  to  be  executed  at  the  edge   is  good  
Logic  at  the  edge •  Generate  content  at  the  edge   •  HTTP  header  manipula/on   •  Origin  selec/on   •  Caching  rules   •  Geo-­‐IP  rules   •  Flexible  cache  keys   •  Forcing  SSL   •  Serving  stale  content     •  Etc,  etc,  etc  
Control •  Programma/c  interfaces   •  Real-­‐/me  interac/on  with  the  CDN   •  Running  logic  at  the  edge  
Visibility
Real-­‐<me  analy<cs •  Sta/s/cs  API   •  Network  stats   •  HTTP  stats  (status  codes,  etc)   •  Caching  stats  (hits,  misses,  errors,  etc)   •  Everything  has  to  be  real-­‐/me   •  Historic  data  is  also  a  must  
Logging •  Daily  or  hourly  logs  are  not  good  enough   •  Logs  in  real-­‐/me   •  Log  streaming   •  To  any  logging  des/na/on  endpoint   •  Syslog,  S3,  FTP,  etc.  
Visibility •  We  need  to  see  what’s  going  on   •  Real-­‐/me  stats   •  Stats  API   •  Real-­‐/me  logs  
Example:   Beacon  Termina<on  at  the  Edge
Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Wed, 19 Apr 2000 11:43:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT Content-Type: image/gif Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 12:22:20 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 35 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Wed, 19 Apr 2000 11:43:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT Content-Type: image/gif Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 12:22:20 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 35 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Wed, 19 Apr 2000 11:43:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT Content-Type: image/gif Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 12:22:20 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 35 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Now CDN  Node   Origin   http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Now CDN  Node   Origin   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Wed, 19 Apr 2000 11:43:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT Content-Type: image/gif Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 12:22:20 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 35 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Now  (204) CDN  Node   Origin   HTTP/1.1 204 No Content Date: Sat, 21 Jun 2014 23:21:12 GMT Server: Awesome Server Content-Length: 0 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Now CDN  Node   Origin   Syslog  /  S3  /  FTP/etc   http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
Summary:  CDN  is  an  extension  of  the  app •  Flexible  caching…   •  …and  uncaching   •  All  tail  sizes  should  perform  comparably!   •  Control  over  func/onality  at  the  edge   •  Real  /me  interfaces  for  programmability   •  Logic  at  the  edge   •  Real-­‐/me  visibility   •  Real-­‐/me  analy/cs  
Thank  you! hooman@fastly.com  

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Extending Your Applications to the Edge with CDNs

  • 1. Extending  Applica/ons  To  The  Edge   With  CDNs   Hooman  Behesh/,  VP  Technology   Dreamforce  2015  
  • 2. CDN   •  Globally  distributed  network  of  servers   •  Built  primarily  with  caching  engines  (squid,  nginx,   varnish,  etc)   •  Footprints  vary   •  Benefits:   –  Performance   –  Origin  offload   –  Much  much  more…  
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 7. Classic  CDNs   •  Black  box  service   •  Making  changes  sucked!   •  LiXle  to  no  real-­‐/me  interfaces   – Configura/on,  visibility,  etc   •  Lots  of  professional  services   •  Decent  caching,  terrible  uncaching  
  • 9. CDNs  have  had  to  evolve…
  • 15. Sta<c  =  Cacheable All  Else  =  Dynamic  =  Uncacheable
  • 17. Sta<c  =  Cacheable All  Else  =  Dynamic  =  Uncacheable
  • 18. Sta<c  =  Cacheable All  Else  =  Dynamic  =  Uncacheable
  • 19. Cacheable   Uncacheable  Sta$c   Dynamic   Event   Driven  
  • 20. Sta<c  for  unpredictable  periods  of  <me Event  Driven  Content:
  • 23. Purging  content  from  a  CDN •  Event-­‐driven  content  can  be  cached  if  the  CDN  allows  instantaneous   programma/c  purging   •  Cache  normally   •  Purge  when  change  trigger  happens   •  Rinse  and  repeat!   •  Slow  purge  /mes  unacceptable  in  this  case   •  We  need  instant  purging   •  Determinis/c  and  predictable  
  • 24. Purging  content  from  a  CDN •  Event-­‐driven  content  can  be  cached  if  the  CDN  allows  instantaneous   programma/c  purging   •  Cache  normally   •  Purge  when  change  trigger  happens   •  Rinse  and  repeat!   •  Slow  purge  /mes  unacceptable  in  this  case   •  We  need  instant  purging   •  Determinis/c  and  predictable  
  • 26. CMS:  Then CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
  • 27. CMS:  Then CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
  • 28. CMS:  Then CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
  • 29. CMS:  Then CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
  • 30. CMS:  Then CDN  Node   Cache   CMS  Origin  
  • 31. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
  • 32. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 55,666 Cache-Control: Totally Long Time! CMS  Origin  
  • 33. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 55,666 Cache-Control: Totally Long Time! CMS  Origin  
  • 34. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
  • 35. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
  • 36. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   PURGE   CMS  Origin  
  • 37. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   PURGE   CMS  Origin  
  • 38. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   (Has  to  be  instantaneous!)   PURGE   CMS  Origin  
  • 39. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 55,666 Cache-Control: Totally Long Time! CMS  Origin  
  • 40. CMS:  Now CDN  Node   CMS  Origin  
  • 41. Long  tail  content     and     cache  hit  ra<o
  • 43. Origin   Cache          
  • 44. TCP   Origin   Cache          
  • 45. HTTP   Origin   Cache          
  • 46. Origin   Cache           HTTP  
  • 47. Origin   Cache           HTTP  
  • 48. Origin   Cache           HTTP  
  • 49. Origin   Cache           HOT   COLD  
  • 50. Origin   Cache           cache  “hit”  
  • 52. Caching •  Cache  more   •  Serve  more  from  the  edge   •  Control  caching  and  uncaching,  instantaneously    
  • 54. Programmability •  Granular  invalida/on  API   •  Configura/on  API   •  Logic  at  the  edge   •  All  configura/on  interac/on  must  be  instantaneous  
  • 55.
  • 56. Control  at  the  edge •  Moving  applica/on  logic  to  the  edge   •  Example:  VCL  (Varnish  Configura/on  Language)   •  Script-­‐like  configura/on  for  func/onality  at  the  edge  
  • 57.
  • 58. Control  at  the  edge •  Moving  applica/on  logic  to  the  edge   •  Example:  VCL  (Varnish  Configura/on  Language)   •  Script-­‐like  configura/on  for  func/onality  at  the  edge   •  Not  exclusive  to  varnish   •  Any  mechanism  offered  by  the  CDN  to  allow  logic  to  be  executed  at  the  edge   is  good  
  • 59. Logic  at  the  edge •  Generate  content  at  the  edge   •  HTTP  header  manipula/on   •  Origin  selec/on   •  Caching  rules   •  Geo-­‐IP  rules   •  Flexible  cache  keys   •  Forcing  SSL   •  Serving  stale  content     •  Etc,  etc,  etc  
  • 60. Control •  Programma/c  interfaces   •  Real-­‐/me  interac/on  with  the  CDN   •  Running  logic  at  the  edge  
  • 62. Real-­‐<me  analy<cs •  Sta/s/cs  API   •  Network  stats   •  HTTP  stats  (status  codes,  etc)   •  Caching  stats  (hits,  misses,  errors,  etc)   •  Everything  has  to  be  real-­‐/me   •  Historic  data  is  also  a  must  
  • 63. Logging •  Daily  or  hourly  logs  are  not  good  enough   •  Logs  in  real-­‐/me   •  Log  streaming   •  To  any  logging  des/na/on  endpoint   •  Syslog,  S3,  FTP,  etc.  
  • 64. Visibility •  We  need  to  see  what’s  going  on   •  Real-­‐/me  stats   •  Stats  API   •  Real-­‐/me  logs  
  • 65. Example:   Beacon  Termina<on  at  the  Edge
  • 66. Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 67. Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 68. Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Wed, 19 Apr 2000 11:43:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT Content-Type: image/gif Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 12:22:20 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 35 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 69. Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Wed, 19 Apr 2000 11:43:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT Content-Type: image/gif Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 12:22:20 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 35 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 70. Then CDN  Node   Origin   Log  Analysis   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Wed, 19 Apr 2000 11:43:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT Content-Type: image/gif Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 12:22:20 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 35 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 71. Now CDN  Node   Origin   http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 72. Now CDN  Node   Origin   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Wed, 19 Apr 2000 11:43:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 19:51:30 GMT Content-Type: image/gif Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2014 12:22:20 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 35 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 73. Now  (204) CDN  Node   Origin   HTTP/1.1 204 No Content Date: Sat, 21 Jun 2014 23:21:12 GMT Server: Awesome Server Content-Length: 0 http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 74. Now CDN  Node   Origin   Syslog  /  S3  /  FTP/etc   http://collector.site.com/beacon.img?a=1&b=2&c=3
  • 75. Summary:  CDN  is  an  extension  of  the  app •  Flexible  caching…   •  …and  uncaching   •  All  tail  sizes  should  perform  comparably!   •  Control  over  func/onality  at  the  edge   •  Real  /me  interfaces  for  programmability   •  Logic  at  the  edge   •  Real-­‐/me  visibility   •  Real-­‐/me  analy/cs