The document discusses expressing ability in English using different verb tenses and modal verbs like "can", "be able to", "could", and "will/shall be able to". It provides examples of how these verbs are used to indicate present, past, and future ability. It also explains how "could" can express either present ability with doubt or unfulfilled past ability, as in the phrase "I could have passed".

1. To express “Ability”.
For Senior Students.
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2. Do you know, what I did
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yesterday?

3. What did you do?
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4. I wrote 20 pages. Could
you write at a stretch?
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5. Right now, I could not. I can spell
twenty words in a minute, can you?
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6. My dad says, after two years I will
be able to play chess well.
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7. Don’t be too smart! Now I am able
to play chess well.
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8. I can’t tolerate this. You could’ve
behaved decently.
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9. See, how Bobby turns the pages as
if he was able to read.
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10. When I am a little bit grownup, I will
be able to express better.
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11. If I had read well, I could have
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passed.

12. We use past form of the verb when
we have a past timer in the
sentence. Like yesterday, ago, last
week etc.
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13. ‘Can or be able’ express present ability.
‘Could’ or ‘was/were able to’ express
past ability, and ‘will/shall be able to’
express future ability.
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14. ‘Could’ can also be used for the present
tense – but an element of doubt is
there.
Hence “Could you write at a stretch?”
leaves a doubt.
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15. “Could” with the perfect infinitive
indicate unfulfilled action. Hence “I
could have passed” means I did not
pass.
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