The document discusses various export documentation requirements, including key documents like invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, certificates of origin, and declarations. It provides an overview of common documentation forms, their purposes, and essential data elements. Specific types of bills of lading, certificates, and other documents that may be needed depending on the shipment details are also outlined.
Export documentation is a complex but essential process that requires attention to requirements that vary by country, commodity, and situation. Key documents include invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, and certificates. Invoices and bills of lading are universally required and must contain consistent details across documents. Using a freight forwarder can help avoid problems by preparing and processing the necessary documentation. Proper documentation outlines the transaction details to ensure compliance and completion without issues.
The document outlines various export documentation requirements. It discusses both commercial documents and regulatory documents. Commercial documents include invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, certificates of origin, and insurance documents. Regulatory documents include forms for customs, port authorities, and foreign exchange controls. In total there are around 15 commercial documents, with 8 considered principal documents, and 7 regulatory documents required for export.
This document discusses various types of certificates and documents used in international trade, including:
- Certificate of origin, which certifies the country of origin of goods in an export shipment.
- Preferential certificates of origin, which enable products to receive tariff reductions when exported to certain countries.
- Packing lists, which provide shipping details like contents, quantities, weights, container numbers, and bill of lading information.
- Weight certificates, issued by independent agencies, which certify the weight of bulk or commodity shipments.
- Inspection certificates, quality certificates, and certificates of analysis, which certify that goods meet specifications or quality standards.
- Health/sanitary certificates for
INTERNATIONAL TRADE DOCUMENTS used in Export and Import Procedures are Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Certificate of Origin, Irrevocable Letter of Credit, Bill of Lading and CMR Document.
This document provides information on export documentation requirements. It explains that documentation varies by country, commodity, and situation, but generally outlines the sale, shipment, and responsibilities of parties to ensure complete understanding and avoid delays or costs. It identifies key factors to consider like country of origin/destination, transportation mode, and commodity. It then describes various principal and auxiliary export documents, such as commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, certificates of origin, and more. Finally, it discusses factors involved in export documentation preparation and common documentation functions.
This document discusses common import and export documents involved in international trade. It is divided into four main sections:
1. Commercial documents which include documents like quotations, sales contracts, pro formas, invoices, packing lists, certificates of inspection, insurance policies, testing certificates, health certificates, and phytosanitary certificates.
2. Transport documents such as bills of lading, air waybills, dock receipts, and shipping guarantees which provide evidence of contracts between shippers and carriers.
3. Financial documents including letters of credit, collections, bills of exchange, trust receipts, and promissory notes related to payment terms.
4. Government documents like certificates of origin and G
A commercial invoice is a bill from the seller to the buyer used in international trade. It includes details such as the date, shipment terms, payment terms, description of goods, quantity, unit and total values, country of origin and destination. The commercial invoice requires certification by the local chamber of commerce and legalization by the importing country to verify the invoice details. Any corrections must be initialed. A commercial invoice provides more specifics than a standard shipping invoice used for domestic trade.
1. Exports contribute significantly to increasing a country's revenue and manufacturer/trader profits, which creates jobs. However, exporting involves risks that are eased by ECGC insurance policies.
2. ECGC offers various export credit insurance policies covering commercial and political risks depending on the type of exports and destination country.
3. Exporters must register for an IEC, RCMC, and with ECGC. They must ensure their products are export-worthy and meet quality standards before pursuing overseas sales.
Export documentation is a complex but essential process that requires attention to requirements that vary by country, commodity, and situation. Key documents include invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, and certificates. Invoices and bills of lading are universally required and must contain consistent details across documents. Using a freight forwarder can help avoid problems by preparing and processing the necessary documentation. Proper documentation outlines the transaction details to ensure compliance and completion without issues.
The document outlines various export documentation requirements. It discusses both commercial documents and regulatory documents. Commercial documents include invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, certificates of origin, and insurance documents. Regulatory documents include forms for customs, port authorities, and foreign exchange controls. In total there are around 15 commercial documents, with 8 considered principal documents, and 7 regulatory documents required for export.
This document discusses various types of certificates and documents used in international trade, including:
- Certificate of origin, which certifies the country of origin of goods in an export shipment.
- Preferential certificates of origin, which enable products to receive tariff reductions when exported to certain countries.
- Packing lists, which provide shipping details like contents, quantities, weights, container numbers, and bill of lading information.
- Weight certificates, issued by independent agencies, which certify the weight of bulk or commodity shipments.
- Inspection certificates, quality certificates, and certificates of analysis, which certify that goods meet specifications or quality standards.
- Health/sanitary certificates for
INTERNATIONAL TRADE DOCUMENTS used in Export and Import Procedures are Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Certificate of Origin, Irrevocable Letter of Credit, Bill of Lading and CMR Document.
This document provides information on export documentation requirements. It explains that documentation varies by country, commodity, and situation, but generally outlines the sale, shipment, and responsibilities of parties to ensure complete understanding and avoid delays or costs. It identifies key factors to consider like country of origin/destination, transportation mode, and commodity. It then describes various principal and auxiliary export documents, such as commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, certificates of origin, and more. Finally, it discusses factors involved in export documentation preparation and common documentation functions.
This document discusses common import and export documents involved in international trade. It is divided into four main sections:
1. Commercial documents which include documents like quotations, sales contracts, pro formas, invoices, packing lists, certificates of inspection, insurance policies, testing certificates, health certificates, and phytosanitary certificates.
2. Transport documents such as bills of lading, air waybills, dock receipts, and shipping guarantees which provide evidence of contracts between shippers and carriers.
3. Financial documents including letters of credit, collections, bills of exchange, trust receipts, and promissory notes related to payment terms.
4. Government documents like certificates of origin and G
A commercial invoice is a bill from the seller to the buyer used in international trade. It includes details such as the date, shipment terms, payment terms, description of goods, quantity, unit and total values, country of origin and destination. The commercial invoice requires certification by the local chamber of commerce and legalization by the importing country to verify the invoice details. Any corrections must be initialed. A commercial invoice provides more specifics than a standard shipping invoice used for domestic trade.
1. Exports contribute significantly to increasing a country's revenue and manufacturer/trader profits, which creates jobs. However, exporting involves risks that are eased by ECGC insurance policies.
2. ECGC offers various export credit insurance policies covering commercial and political risks depending on the type of exports and destination country.
3. Exporters must register for an IEC, RCMC, and with ECGC. They must ensure their products are export-worthy and meet quality standards before pursuing overseas sales.
In this presentation, we will discuss about Instruments of Foreign Trades, focusing on the details of documents used, bills, insurance policies, claims, bills of exchange, invoices, certificates, packing lists.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Export documentation is important for shipping goods internationally. Key documents include proforma invoices, commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, and consular invoices where required. Accurate and properly completed documentation is necessary for customs clearance, obtaining payment, and transporting goods legally according to the regulations of the exporting and importing countries.
The document discusses export documentation in India, outlining the various stages and required documents. It describes the preliminary stage involving organizing, registering, and appointing agents. The pre-shipment stage involves order confirmation, letter of credit, production, packing, inspection, and more. The shipment stage involves customs processing and loading. The post-shipment stage involves document dispatch, shipment advice, and proceeds realization. It also classifies documents as commercial, regulatory, export assistance, and those required by importers. Principal commercial documents facilitate transfer of goods and payment and include invoices, bills of lading, and certificates.
LIST OF DOCUMENTS AND PROCEDURE OF EXPORTSSaloni Aul
This document discusses international marketing procedures and documentation for exports. It begins by defining exports as goods produced in one country and shipped to another for sale or trade. Some key points include:
- Commercial documents needed for exports include invoices, bills of lading, airway bills, bills of exchange, and letters of credit.
- Regulatory documents include those for registration and shipment like shipping bills and marine insurance policies.
- Assistance documents allow exporters to avail incentives, including applications for registration and documents needed to claim duty drawbacks.
- Importing countries may require consular invoices, certificates of origin, customs invoices, and certified invoices from exporters.
The document concludes by outlining the export procedure
The document describes various principal and auxiliary documents used in export transactions. Principal documents include commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of inspection, certificate of origin, bill of exchange, shipment advice, and insurance certificate. Auxiliary documents provide supplementary information and include proforma invoice, intimation for inspection, shipping instructions, insurance declaration, and application for certificate of origin.
Export documentation is important for shipping goods internationally. Key documents include proforma invoices, commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, and consular invoices where required. Accurate and properly completed documentation is necessary for customs clearance, obtaining payment, and transporting goods legally according to the regulations of the exporting and importing countries.
The document summarizes the key documents and requirements for importing and exporting goods internationally. It outlines the common import documents required by US Customs, including commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin and entry/entry summary forms. It also discusses proforma invoices and common mistakes in invoicing. On the export side, it lists the main documents a seller needs, such as commercial invoices, bills of lading, insurance certificates and export licenses that may be required depending on the goods. The presentation concludes with opening the floor for questions.
This document provides an overview of key export and import documents. It discusses commercial documents needed for export such as export sales contracts, proforma invoices, certificates of origin, bills of lading, and airway bills. It also discusses regulatory documents required for export like shipping bills and export declaration forms. For imports, it outlines important documents like invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, import licenses, and bills of entry that must be submitted to customs. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of documentation in international trade for legal and commercial purposes.
This document provides an overview of the process of negotiating export documents under a letter of credit. It defines negotiation of documents as submitting relevant documents to the advising bank within 21 days of shipment to obtain payment for exported goods. Key documents that may be negotiated include the commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, and inspection certificate. The document outlines important steps in examining letters of credit for compliance, scrutinizing documents for errors, presenting documents to the negotiating bank, and the flow of documents and payments between banks after presentation.
The document outlines the key steps involved in an export transaction process:
Step 1) Exporters must register with the Director General of Foreign Trade to obtain an Importer-Exporter Code number for first time exports.
Step 2) Exporters must register with relevant export promotion councils and obtain necessary permits from other authorities.
Step 3) Exporters can begin procuring orders by providing samples, agreeing on contract terms, and receiving a purchase order.
Step 4) Exporters manufacture goods and arrange for quality certification and packaging for shipping.
Lect 6 Materials Management - Import PurchaseUdit C
This document provides an overview of international purchasing and import procedures. It discusses key activities like sourcing and procurement. The main steps of an international purchase include sourcing, negotiation, import clearance, purchase orders, payments, shipping, and receiving goods. International purchases are impacted by laws of both countries and changing regulations. Thorough research and planning is required due to various costs and legal liabilities. The regulatory framework in India involves several government ministries and agencies that govern trade policy, banking, duties and tariffs. Common documentation for imports includes bills of lading, commercial invoices, certificates of origin, and insurance policies. Price and transfer terms as well as customs procedures are also outlined.
This document provides information on import and export procedures and documentation in India. It discusses the key steps in the import process, including trade enquiry, obtaining an import license, acquiring foreign exchange, opening a letter of credit, obtaining necessary documents, customs formalities, payment, and closing the transaction. Similarly, it outlines the export process and various pre-shipment documents, shipping documents, regulatory documents, and other auxiliary documents involved. The document aims to explain the standardized documentation requirements and procedures for imports and exports according to Indian laws and regulations.
This document provides information about export contracts and terms. It discusses:
- What exporting is and why companies export
- The process of generating export orders, from initial inquiries to finalizing contracts
- Key terms and conditions that are typically included in export contracts, such as product description, price, payment terms, shipping details, claims processes, and force majeure clauses
- It also provides an example of how force majeure laws may be applied in contractual disputes regarding payment obligations.
The document discusses various export documentation requirements in India. It explains that export documentation is important for: obtaining payment; transporting goods; customs clearance; and as evidence of shipment and title. Key documents include the proforma invoice, commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading. Accuracy is important, as errors can prove costly. The aligned documentation system standardizes formats on A4 paper. Overall, accurate and complete documentation is necessary to successfully export goods.
The document discusses various types of letters of credit (LCs), their uses, and the parties involved. The key types of LCs mentioned are sight LCs and usance LCs. Sight LCs require payment on presentation of documents, while usance LCs allow a period of time before payment is due. The main parties to an LC are the applicant (buyer), issuing bank, and beneficiary (seller). LCs provide a secure payment mechanism for domestic and international trade transactions.
The document summarizes the key steps involved in the import trade process. It discusses that import procedures vary by country but generally involve trade enquiries, obtaining import licenses and foreign exchange, placing orders, obtaining necessary documents, customs clearance, and payment. Key import documentation and duties charged are also outlined. The overall process ensures government regulation of imports and facilitation of international trade transactions.
Some of the documents required in export transaction are preliminary inquiry and offer, confirmation of order, export license, finance among others. There are two dozen commercial and regulatory documents that are involved in the pre-shipment stage of an export transaction.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
This document provides information on exporting products internationally for businesses. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of exporting, identifying potential foreign markets, finding buyers abroad, export documentation, financing exports, and transporting goods internationally. The key steps for businesses considering exporting include being established domestically, committing resources to exporting, understanding cultural differences, researching target countries and markets, and developing an export plan. Careful planning and consideration of costs and challenges is important for a successful export venture.
1. The document provides guidance on how to make your idea spread through a TED talk by focusing on 10 key areas called the 10 Cs.
2. The 10 Cs are: making the talk compelling, concise, conscious of the audience, comprehended by diverse age groups, provide proper context, be clear using visual aids, make conversions between measurement systems, avoid colloquial language, be cautious of sensitive content, and respect copyrights.
3. Following these 10 Cs can help one craft a TED talk that effectively spreads their idea on a global scale.
This is the second version of a presentation I made about the Edgar Allan Poe and the American Romantics. I focused more on having visually stimulating images as opposed to lots of text on the screen.
In this presentation, we will discuss about Instruments of Foreign Trades, focusing on the details of documents used, bills, insurance policies, claims, bills of exchange, invoices, certificates, packing lists.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Export documentation is important for shipping goods internationally. Key documents include proforma invoices, commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, and consular invoices where required. Accurate and properly completed documentation is necessary for customs clearance, obtaining payment, and transporting goods legally according to the regulations of the exporting and importing countries.
The document discusses export documentation in India, outlining the various stages and required documents. It describes the preliminary stage involving organizing, registering, and appointing agents. The pre-shipment stage involves order confirmation, letter of credit, production, packing, inspection, and more. The shipment stage involves customs processing and loading. The post-shipment stage involves document dispatch, shipment advice, and proceeds realization. It also classifies documents as commercial, regulatory, export assistance, and those required by importers. Principal commercial documents facilitate transfer of goods and payment and include invoices, bills of lading, and certificates.
LIST OF DOCUMENTS AND PROCEDURE OF EXPORTSSaloni Aul
This document discusses international marketing procedures and documentation for exports. It begins by defining exports as goods produced in one country and shipped to another for sale or trade. Some key points include:
- Commercial documents needed for exports include invoices, bills of lading, airway bills, bills of exchange, and letters of credit.
- Regulatory documents include those for registration and shipment like shipping bills and marine insurance policies.
- Assistance documents allow exporters to avail incentives, including applications for registration and documents needed to claim duty drawbacks.
- Importing countries may require consular invoices, certificates of origin, customs invoices, and certified invoices from exporters.
The document concludes by outlining the export procedure
The document describes various principal and auxiliary documents used in export transactions. Principal documents include commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of inspection, certificate of origin, bill of exchange, shipment advice, and insurance certificate. Auxiliary documents provide supplementary information and include proforma invoice, intimation for inspection, shipping instructions, insurance declaration, and application for certificate of origin.
Export documentation is important for shipping goods internationally. Key documents include proforma invoices, commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, and consular invoices where required. Accurate and properly completed documentation is necessary for customs clearance, obtaining payment, and transporting goods legally according to the regulations of the exporting and importing countries.
The document summarizes the key documents and requirements for importing and exporting goods internationally. It outlines the common import documents required by US Customs, including commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin and entry/entry summary forms. It also discusses proforma invoices and common mistakes in invoicing. On the export side, it lists the main documents a seller needs, such as commercial invoices, bills of lading, insurance certificates and export licenses that may be required depending on the goods. The presentation concludes with opening the floor for questions.
This document provides an overview of key export and import documents. It discusses commercial documents needed for export such as export sales contracts, proforma invoices, certificates of origin, bills of lading, and airway bills. It also discusses regulatory documents required for export like shipping bills and export declaration forms. For imports, it outlines important documents like invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, import licenses, and bills of entry that must be submitted to customs. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of documentation in international trade for legal and commercial purposes.
This document provides an overview of the process of negotiating export documents under a letter of credit. It defines negotiation of documents as submitting relevant documents to the advising bank within 21 days of shipment to obtain payment for exported goods. Key documents that may be negotiated include the commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, and inspection certificate. The document outlines important steps in examining letters of credit for compliance, scrutinizing documents for errors, presenting documents to the negotiating bank, and the flow of documents and payments between banks after presentation.
The document outlines the key steps involved in an export transaction process:
Step 1) Exporters must register with the Director General of Foreign Trade to obtain an Importer-Exporter Code number for first time exports.
Step 2) Exporters must register with relevant export promotion councils and obtain necessary permits from other authorities.
Step 3) Exporters can begin procuring orders by providing samples, agreeing on contract terms, and receiving a purchase order.
Step 4) Exporters manufacture goods and arrange for quality certification and packaging for shipping.
Lect 6 Materials Management - Import PurchaseUdit C
This document provides an overview of international purchasing and import procedures. It discusses key activities like sourcing and procurement. The main steps of an international purchase include sourcing, negotiation, import clearance, purchase orders, payments, shipping, and receiving goods. International purchases are impacted by laws of both countries and changing regulations. Thorough research and planning is required due to various costs and legal liabilities. The regulatory framework in India involves several government ministries and agencies that govern trade policy, banking, duties and tariffs. Common documentation for imports includes bills of lading, commercial invoices, certificates of origin, and insurance policies. Price and transfer terms as well as customs procedures are also outlined.
This document provides information on import and export procedures and documentation in India. It discusses the key steps in the import process, including trade enquiry, obtaining an import license, acquiring foreign exchange, opening a letter of credit, obtaining necessary documents, customs formalities, payment, and closing the transaction. Similarly, it outlines the export process and various pre-shipment documents, shipping documents, regulatory documents, and other auxiliary documents involved. The document aims to explain the standardized documentation requirements and procedures for imports and exports according to Indian laws and regulations.
This document provides information about export contracts and terms. It discusses:
- What exporting is and why companies export
- The process of generating export orders, from initial inquiries to finalizing contracts
- Key terms and conditions that are typically included in export contracts, such as product description, price, payment terms, shipping details, claims processes, and force majeure clauses
- It also provides an example of how force majeure laws may be applied in contractual disputes regarding payment obligations.
The document discusses various export documentation requirements in India. It explains that export documentation is important for: obtaining payment; transporting goods; customs clearance; and as evidence of shipment and title. Key documents include the proforma invoice, commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading. Accuracy is important, as errors can prove costly. The aligned documentation system standardizes formats on A4 paper. Overall, accurate and complete documentation is necessary to successfully export goods.
The document discusses various types of letters of credit (LCs), their uses, and the parties involved. The key types of LCs mentioned are sight LCs and usance LCs. Sight LCs require payment on presentation of documents, while usance LCs allow a period of time before payment is due. The main parties to an LC are the applicant (buyer), issuing bank, and beneficiary (seller). LCs provide a secure payment mechanism for domestic and international trade transactions.
The document summarizes the key steps involved in the import trade process. It discusses that import procedures vary by country but generally involve trade enquiries, obtaining import licenses and foreign exchange, placing orders, obtaining necessary documents, customs clearance, and payment. Key import documentation and duties charged are also outlined. The overall process ensures government regulation of imports and facilitation of international trade transactions.
Some of the documents required in export transaction are preliminary inquiry and offer, confirmation of order, export license, finance among others. There are two dozen commercial and regulatory documents that are involved in the pre-shipment stage of an export transaction.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
This document provides information on exporting products internationally for businesses. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of exporting, identifying potential foreign markets, finding buyers abroad, export documentation, financing exports, and transporting goods internationally. The key steps for businesses considering exporting include being established domestically, committing resources to exporting, understanding cultural differences, researching target countries and markets, and developing an export plan. Careful planning and consideration of costs and challenges is important for a successful export venture.
1. The document provides guidance on how to make your idea spread through a TED talk by focusing on 10 key areas called the 10 Cs.
2. The 10 Cs are: making the talk compelling, concise, conscious of the audience, comprehended by diverse age groups, provide proper context, be clear using visual aids, make conversions between measurement systems, avoid colloquial language, be cautious of sensitive content, and respect copyrights.
3. Following these 10 Cs can help one craft a TED talk that effectively spreads their idea on a global scale.
This is the second version of a presentation I made about the Edgar Allan Poe and the American Romantics. I focused more on having visually stimulating images as opposed to lots of text on the screen.
Facebook is the world's largest social network with over 500 million users. It was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and is now the 6th most trafficked site in the US. Users spend an average of 19 minutes per day on Facebook, where they can communicate with others, announce events, discuss topics, and share photos and other multimedia content. Businesses can use Facebook to advertise, target ads to specific interests, reduce costs by creating groups, and better communicate with consumers.
Tugas public relation presentation(084214004) Dimas Dhyara
This document discusses the benefits of travel and recommends using websites to plan trips. It quotes John Steinbeck and Saint Augustine about how travel expands one's worldview. It notes that finding a travel agent can sometimes be difficult. The document recommends using the website www.kayak.com to search for flights and recommends traveling to broaden one's experiences. It gives credit to Mr. Anton for the template and Microsoft Encarta 2009 for included quotations.
Dave's Top 10 List For Corporate InnovatorsDave Lim TM
The document discusses how companies can innovate. It provides a top ten list of things corporate innovators should do, including starting with understanding why innovation is needed, leveraging existing resources, thinking outside the box, connecting with others, staying hungry to learn, finding collaborators, trying things without fear of failure, learning by doing, and attempting something scary.
First private wine company created by Guy Tyrel de Poix in 1994 with the idea of offering from the romanian terroir, elegant and high quality dry wines
This document provides information about a planned field trip to the Edgar Allan Poe Museum for an English 9 class. It introduces the students to Poe's life and work in a lesson before the trip. The field trip aims to help students understand how Poe's experiences influenced his writing style. The document outlines the objectives, materials, teaching sequence, homework and assessments for the lesson introducing Poe and preparing students for the field trip. It also provides expectations and information about the field trip itself.
This document provides a literature review on definitions of biotechnology, biological diversity conservation, biotechnology policies regarding intellectual property rights, and genetically modified organisms. It discusses conceptual definitions of biotechnology, the value of biological diversity, international agreements on conservation, biological resource centers, benefit sharing through technology transfer and access to genetic resources, patentable subject matter, and legislation around GMOs. The review covers key topics relevant to comparing the US and EU approaches to biotechnology policy.
Slide show concerning the life of Edgar Allan Poe, some of his most famous works, and his role in the American Romanticism movement. This presentation is intended for use in a high school English class.
If you are not allowed to take your time, freedom, space, it’s not your faultChistian Jung
The document discusses criticisms of design thinking processes and the importance of creativity, time, freedom and space for design. It argues that processes alone don't enable design and that creativity is hindered by orders, constraints and incentives. True creativity requires embracing hybrid thinking, being creative with technology, and building products with business value. For creativity to flourish, designers must have the trinity of time, freedom and space.
India has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley civilization between 2500-1700 BC. Major empires that ruled India include the Mauryan Empire in the 4th century BC and the Gupta Empire between the 4th-6th centuries AD. India was then invaded by various groups including Muslims and Mongols. The Mughal Empire ruled from 1526-1761. European trade with India began in the 15th century led by Portugal and later the Dutch and British established colonial rule. India gained independence from Britain in 1947 after decades of nonviolent resistance led by Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. Today India is a diverse multi-ethnic, multi-lingual democracy with Hindi
TEDxSingapore has developed concepts for organizing TEDx events from observing TED conferences, Chris Anderson's articulation of TED's approach, and their own strategies. The document provides contact information for those with questions about TEDxSingapore's event planning.
This document outlines a lesson plan on the Transcendentalist movement. The lesson will introduce students to the history and major themes of Transcendentalism through a PowerPoint presentation. Students will then research influential Transcendentalist authors Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, or Henry David Thoreau and create a 10-minute presentation on their assigned author. The presentation should include the author's biography, major works, and historical context. For homework, students will read a selection from Emerson's Self-Reliance to discuss in the next class.
The document discusses various export trade documents used in international trade, including financial documents like bills of exchange, commercial documents like proforma invoices and certificates of origin, transport documents like bills of lading, and risk covering documents like insurance policies. It provides details on the purpose and contents of key documents like bills of exchange, commercial invoices, certificates of origin, bills of lading, and insurance policies.
Export documentation is important to formalize agreements between buyers and sellers located in different countries and protect both parties' interests. Key documents that should be included are the commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin, and bill of exchange. Proper documentation is required by governments to claim export assistance and by customs to clear goods for international shipment and payment.
This document defines various categories of exporters and importers and provides explanations of key export and import documentation terms. It discusses the different types of exporters such as manufacturer exporter, merchant exporter, AEZ, BTP, EOU, and service provider. It also defines categories of importers. The document then provides details on various export documents including commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, certificates of inspection and origin, and regulatory documents. It explains types of bills of lading and transport documents used in export and import transactions.
The document provides an overview of common export documents required for international trade. It discusses documents like the shipper's export declaration, commercial invoice, certificate of origin, bill of lading, temporary import certificate, insurance certificate, export packing list, import license, consular invoice, inspection certification, dock receipt, and warehouse receipt. It also summarizes specific documents required for exporting goods via post like the customs declaration form, dispatch note, commercial invoice, consular invoice, customs invoice, legalized/visaed invoice, certified invoice, packing list, certificate of inspection, and black list certificate. The document outlines various certification documents that may be needed depending on the good and destination like manufacturer's certificate, certificate of chemical analysis, certificate of
Mib 3.6 on 13 th aug 2012 charac and types of exim docs copySanjeev Patel
The document discusses the objectives and advantages of an Aligned Documentation System (ADS) for export documentation. It then explains key concepts in ADS including:
- Common items of information like shipper details occupying the same relative positions on forms, making them easier to complete and process.
- Master documents can be used to produce a range of documents using photocopies and overlays, further simplifying documentation.
- ADS standardizes paper size and specifications for forms.
It then provides an overview of the types of commercial documents used in export documentation, dividing them into principal documents used for key functions like invoicing and transportation, and auxiliary documents used to support the principal documents. Regulatory documents
Mib 3.6 on 13 th aug 2012 charac and types of exim docsSanjeev Patel
The document discusses various types of export documentation used in international trade. It begins by explaining the objectives and advantages of an Aligned Documentation System (ADS) which standardizes forms to make them easier to complete.
It then describes the two main types of export documents - commercial documents and regulatory documents. Commercial documents include invoices, certificates, bills of lading/air waybills used to facilitate the trade transaction. Regulatory documents are required by government authorities for customs clearance and compliance.
The document provides details on key commercial documents like commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin. It also explains transport documents like bills of lading and describes their various types. Regulatory documents mentioned include shipping bills and exchange control forms
Overview of the process, regulations and paperwork required to successfully import cargo, by ship, into the USA. Created to educate engineering staff on new vertical to begin the process of electronic data "push and pull" from and too ERP systems of the domestic transportation provider, the Freight Forwarder and the Customer.
Sky ERP Export Plus is the most comprehensive web based Export documentation software solution suite that functionally covers export documentation, management of business intelligence reports and license management. It helps you march forward with confidence in the competitive export industry since it helps in an almost error free export documentation and management of the export business. It provides you with all the tools that assist in executing a perfect export registration order. In recent years export software has become essential for the export industry.
Export management involves coordinating all parties involved in an export business to secure export orders and ensure timely shipment of goods according to buyer specifications. The main objectives are to secure export orders and ensure timely delivery of quality goods as agreed. Exports can be classified as merchandise, services, projects, or deemed exports. Key export documents include commercial invoices, certificates of origin, bills of lading or airway bills, packing lists, and insurance documents. Regulatory documents must also be provided to comply with export inspection, customs, and foreign exchange regulations.
This document provides an overview of common documentation used in international trade. It discusses various trade documents including air waybills, bills of lading, certificates of origin, combined transport documents, commercial invoices, bills of exchange, insurance certificates, packing lists, and inspection certificates. For each document type, it describes the purpose, required contents, and parties typically involved. The document aims to explain the key information and standards required for important trade documents to be valid and acceptable.
The document discusses letters of credit as a method of payment in international trade. It defines a letter of credit as a bank's contractual obligation to make a payment when certain documents that comply with specified terms are received. The document outlines the roles of the issuing bank, advising bank, exporter, and importer. It also describes types of letters of credit and relevant international regulations. Finally, it discusses documents that may be required under letters of credit and the process of document presentation and handling discrepancies.
Unit 3 Part 1 international trade documentation.pptxMbeumuna1
This document provides an overview of a university unit on international trade documentation. It outlines the unit's objectives which are to list and explain required documentation for cross-border trade and evaluate importation procedures in Namibia. It then categorizes export and import documents into commercial documents, transportation documents, regulatory documents, and export assistance documents. For each category, it provides examples and descriptions of common documents like bills of lading, certificates of origin, and import licenses.
The document provides information about export compliance for LR International, including establishing an export compliance system, understanding export regulations, controlling commodities, approving customers, using licensed service providers, and understanding legal requirements like the Shipper's Export Declaration and Automated Export System for documenting exports. It emphasizes the importance of knowing regulations, customers, destinations, and keeping good records.
Project on export process and documenatin of leather by leather coordinator s...Abu Sufian
Detail Report on export business of leather Coordinator Sahiwal and required documentation for export. Project acquired for the International Business course by Mr.Moazzam Ali Lecturer in COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SAHIWAL
Export Shipping
A GUIDE TO EXPORTING
The development of a successful export strategy must encompass a thorough knowledge of shipping procedures, documents required, and methods. The mechanics of shipping include: (1) attention to packaging, including banding of bundles, grade stamping, labeling, and color coding; (2) proper documentation; (3) scheduling the best shipping routes and carriers; and (4) an understanding of U.S. and foreign customs, regulations, tariff rates, and plant health or phytosanitary requirements.
Freight Forwarders
The details of export shipping are often handled by a ‘freight forwarder,’ who acts as an exporter’s agent when shipping goods overseas. Freight forwarders are licensed by the Federal Maritime Administration to facilitate the movement of goods from U.S. ports. They may advise the exporter regarding freight costs, port charges, consular fees, documentation fees, insurance, and handling costs. In addition to assuring that the goods arrive overseas in good condition, they review the letter of credit and other necessary documentation and may prepare the ocean bill of lading. After shipment, the forwarder will send all documents to the paying bank to confirm the export of the commodity.
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This document provides information on export procedures and documentation in India. It discusses the key types of exports (physical and deemed), types of exporters (manufacturer and merchant), and the various documents required for export including commercial documents and regulatory documents. The commercial documents discussed in detail are the commercial invoice, inspection certificate, and marine insurance policy. The commercial invoice provides important shipment details, the inspection certificate confirms quality standards are met, and marine insurance protects goods in transit.
This document provides information about an international trade course including documentation required for import and export transactions using letters of credit. It discusses key documents like the international purchase order, commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, air waybill, certificate of origin, and inspection certificate. It also outlines the parties involved in a letter of credit transaction and the application process, and highlights advantages of using letters of credit to facilitate international trade.
This document provides an overview of import and export procedures and documentation in international trade. It discusses the key types of foreign trade, import and export documentation requirements, export promotion incentives provided by the government, and important terms used in international trade contracts such as FOB and CIF. The principal import and export documents that facilitate the clearance of goods internationally are also outlined.
This document outlines the major export and import procedures in India, including: 1) complying with legal frameworks such as obtaining an Import-Export Code number, 2) concluding export deals by negotiating terms, 3) arranging export financing through banks, 4) procuring or manufacturing goods, 5) undergoing pre-shipment inspection, 6) obtaining central excise clearance, and 7) properly packaging, marking, and labeling goods for export. It provides details on each step and requirements such as necessary forms, registrations, and inspections.
This document provides information on various types of commercial documents used in international trade. It discusses principal documents like commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, certificates of origin and bills of exchange. It also mentions auxiliary documents required for regulatory purposes like shipping bills, exchange control forms, and certificates needed for customs clearance and claiming benefits. The document gives details on the purpose and use of each document in conveying trade-related information between exporters and importers.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
The Rise of Generative AI in Finance: Reshaping the Industry with Synthetic DataChampak Jhagmag
In this presentation, we will explore the rise of generative AI in finance and its potential to reshape the industry. We will discuss how generative AI can be used to develop new products, combat fraud, and revolutionize risk management. Finally, we will address some of the ethical considerations and challenges associated with this powerful technology.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...Donc Test
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
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Export pr nik
1. EOU/ SEZ Units 5.4 An EOU/ SEZ unit may apply for an EPCG Authorisation in<br />under EPCG Scheme terms of paragraph 6.18(d) of the Policy. Such application shall<br />be made in the form given in ‘Aayaat Niryaat Form’ alongwith<br />the documents prescribed therein. In addition, the applicant<br />shall also furnish a copy of the `No Objection Certificate’ from<br />the Development Commissioner showing the details of the<br />capital goods imported/indigenously procured by the applicant,<br />its value at the time of import/sourcing and the depreciated<br />value for the purpose of assessment of duty under the scheme.<br />Such cases shall not be required to be forwarded to<br />Headquarters EPCG Committee. The concerned Regional<br />authority shall issue EPCG Authorisations based on the “No<br />Objection Certificate” produced from the concerned<br />Development Commissioner.<br />Leasing of Capital Goods 5.6 An EPCG Authorisation holder may, on the basis of firm<br />contract between the parties, source the capital goods from a<br />domestic leasing company in accordance with paragraph 2.25<br />of the Policy. In such cases, the Bill of Entry of imported capital<br />goods or the commercial invoice of indigenously procured<br />capital goods, as the case may be, shall be signed jointly by<br />the EPCG Authorisation holder and the leasing company at<br />the time of import/local supply respectively. However, the<br />EPCG Authorisation holder shall alone be fully responsible<br />for fulfillment of export obligation.<br />Condition for Fulfilment 5.7 In addition to the conditions mentioned in paragraph 5.4 of the<br />of Export Obligation Policy, the following conditions shall also be applicable for<br />fulfilment of export obligation under the scheme:-<br />5.7.1 The exports shall be direct exports in the name of the EPCG<br />Authorisation holder. However, the export through third<br />party(s) as defined in Chapter 9 of the Policy is also permitted<br />under the EPCG scheme. If a merchant exporter is the importer,<br />the name of the supporting manufacturer shall also be indicated<br />on the shipping bills. At the time of export, the EPCG<br />Authorisation No<br />5.7.3 Exports made aga Generalised System (a) GSP is a non contractual instrument by which<br />of Preferences (GSP) industrialized (developed) countries unilaterally and on<br />the basis of non reciprocity extend tariff concessions to<br />developing countries. The following countries extend<br />tariff preferences under their GSP Scheme.<br />(i) United States (ii) New Zealand (iii) Belarus<br />(iv) European Union (v) Japan (vi) Russia<br />(vii) Canada (viii) Norway<br />(ix) Australia (only to LDCs)<br />(x) Switzerland (xi) Bulgaria<br />GSP schemes of these countries details the sectors/<br />products and tariff lines under which these benefits are<br />available, besides the conditions and the procedures<br />governing the benefits. These schemes are renewed and<br />modified from time to time. Normally the Customs of<br />GSP offering countries require information in Form ‘A’<br />(prescribed for GSP Rules Of Origin) duly filled by the<br />exporters of the beneficiary countries and certified by<br />authorised agencies. List of agencies authorised to issue<br />GSP Certificate of Origin is given in Appendix-4A.<br />Global System of Trade (b) Under the agreement establishing Global System of<br />Preference (GSTP) Trade Preference (GSTP), tariff concessions are<br />exchanged among developing countries, who have<br />signed the agreement. Presently, there are 46 member<br />countries of GSTP and India has exchanged tariff<br />concessions with 12 countries on a limited number of<br />products. Export Inspection Council (EIC) is the sole<br />agency authorised to issue Certificate of Origin under<br />GSTP.```````++inst the Government of India/EXIM Bank<br />EXPORT DOCUMENTATION <br />Export documentation is a tedious but necessary process that all exporters must pay close attention to, as documentation requirements vary considerably by country, commodity, and situation. Although exporters must fill out and submit many different forms for each international shipment, most require similar data elements and can (and should!) be duplicated precisely from one document to the next. Shipping documents are the key to international trade, and have been used for thousands of years. Documents outline the sale, shipment, and responsibilities of each party so that the full transaction is understood and complete without delay or additional costs. Documents also ensure compliance with applicable regulations. <br />Using an experienced Freight Forwarder will help you to avoid problems and secure your relationship with your customers. Consider providing your Forwarder with a suitable “letter of authorization” to act as your agent on overseas documentation matters. Below are some factors to consider when determining which documents are needed for a particular shipment. <br />Country of origin and destination, as well as transshipment <br />Mode of transportation — truck, rail, ocean, air, pipeline <br />Commodity — agriculture, livestock, safety/security, end-use, intangible- software, service <br />Size — value, volume, weight, dimensions <br />Parties to the transaction — shipper, consignee, agents, brokers, banks <br />Based on these factors, many of the following documents (described in more detail on pages 2-5) may be required for an international shipment. These documents can be prepared by the exporter and then processed or forwarded by a Freight Forwarder. <br />Invoices — Commercial, Pro-forma, Consular <br />Packing Lists — Dock, or Warehouse, Receipt <br />Bills of Lading (B/L) — Ocean B/L, or Motor/Truck or Air Bill, or Way Bill <br />Electronic Export Information (formerly the Shipper’s Export Declaration, or SED) is not an actual document but still a very important part of the export process <br />Certificates of Origin (C/O), sometimes country-specific — NAFTA C/O, Israel C/O <br />Declaration of Dangerous Goods (DGD) — Hazmat, placards <br />Certificates — Insurance, Free Sale, Inspection, Phytosanitary, Authentication (Apostille) <br />Miscellaneous: Letters of Credit, ATA Carnet, Duty Drawback <br />OVERVIEW <br />EXPORT DOCUMENTATION—THE FORMS AND PROCESS 2 <br />Essential Documentation <br />The invoice and bill of lading are the two documents required for every export shipment. As such, you should ensure that all other documents associated with the shipment match the information on these documents. <br />Invoices <br />Pro-forma Invoice: A pro-forma invoice is an invoice sent to the buyer before the shipment, giving the buyer a chance to review the sale terms (quantity of goods, value, specifications) and get an import license, if required in their country. It also allows the buyer to work with their bank to arrange any financial process for payment. For example, to open a Documentary Credit (Letter of Credit), the buyer’s bank will use the pro-forma invoice as a source of information. The exporter/seller should not send their customer a pro-forma invoice unless they fully understand what they are offering to the buyer. If no changes are required on the pro-forma invoice after the buyer reviews it, the exporter can simply change its date and title and turn it into a commercial invoice. <br />Commercial Invoice: A commercial invoice is prepared by the seller/exporter and addressed to the buyer/importer, and is one of the first documents prepared when a transaction has been agreed upon. The invoice identifies the buyer and seller, describes the goods sold and all terms of sale, including Inco Terms, payment terms, relevant bank information, shipping details, etc. An invoice may be itemized to show cost of goods, freight, and insurance, or other special handling. The invoice may be numbered and have multiple “purchase order” numbers. U.S. Customs does not actually need a copy of the invoice, unless requested, but the information included is used to prepare other documents. <br />Consular invoice: A consular invoice is the commercial invoice stamped or notarized by the consulate or embassy of your customer’s country, if required. For example, if you are exporting to Egypt and your buyer requires a consular invoice, the Egyptian embassy in Washington, D.C. will do this for a small fee. Usually a freight forwarder will offer this service, but an exporter can send the original invoice to the consulate, have it notarized/legalized as required, pay the fee, and have the documents returned or forwarded on. It is important to understand that consular invoices are required in the buyer’s country, so you need to add the time/costs associated with obtaining one to the price of the goods you are shipping. <br />The invoice should include a [non]-diversion statement, as provided below. As the U.S. Principal Party of Interest (or exporter of record), this statements attests to and informs your customers that you are using due diligence to control the shipment and abide by regulations, particularly shipments to embargoed/sanctioned countries.<br /> <br />Essential data elements must be uniform on all documents: <br /> Name & Address of Seller / Shipper <br /> Name & Address of Buyer / Consignee <br /> Origin Point & Destination Point <br /> Port of Load / Unload <br /> Description of the Goods <br /> Number of Pieces, Cartons, Crates <br /> Net weight, Gross Weight, Volume <br /> Invoice & Purchase Order Numbers <br />Material Handling <br />Packing List: A packing list is prepared by the shipper and is a detailed break down of the items within a shipment. It may also include any “special marks” for identification. For example, the customer may want “ABC XX” in blue letters on the side of the packaging. For insurance claims and tracking purposes, it helps to describe what is in each “package”. The packing list should also reference the customer’s purchase order number and destination. Often, a packing list is taped to palletized cargo or on the main carton/box of a shipment so that the importer’s customs agency or any transportation handlers can have easy access to it to know what the goods are and their destination. The quantity and items listed on the commercial invoice must match with the packing list, but not necessarily match the pro-forma invoice. Some companies prepare a packing list that is identical to the commercial invoice, minus the prices and other monetary details. <br />Dock (or Warehouse) Receipt: The dock or warehouse receipt is issued by a warehouse supervisor or port officer and certifies that the shipping company has received the goods. This document is used to transfer accountability when goods are moved by the domestic carrier to the port of embarkation and left with the international carrier. At this time, the carrier’s Bill of Lading is also signed by both parties and copies are issued accordingly. <br />Bills of Lading (B/L) <br />A Bill of Lading is issued by the carrier to the shipper for receipt of the goods, and is a contract between the owner of the goods and the carrier to deliver the goods. Sometimes the B/L acts as title to the goods so an “Original” B/L is issued- usually a set of three. Whoever presents one of those Original, Negotiable B/L can take possession of the goods.. <br />Types of bill of lading<br />Non-negotiable (or “straight”) B/L: Indicates that the shipper will deliver the goods to the buyer and that title of the goods has not been transferred to the shipper (i.e., the buyer or seller “owns” the goods while they are being shipped). This type of B/L is often used when payment for the goods has already been made in advance.<br /> <br />Negotiable (or “shipper’s order” ) B/L: Serves as a title document to the goods, issued “to the order of” a party, usually the shipper, whose endorsement is required to effect its negotiation. It can also be issued “to the order of” the buyer’s bank as part of a documentary credit/letter of credit stipulation so that when the buyer’s bank receives the Original B/L, they can endorse it over to the buyer at the time of payment for the buyer to clear the goods at customs. Sometimes the negotiable B/L may be consigned “To Order” without reference to a company. A negotiable B/L can be bought or traded while the goods are in transit, whereas a “Straight” B/L is non-negotiable and is consigned to the buyer. <br />The B/L is frequently electronically manifested by the shipping line company using the data sent by the shipper or its agent. Bills of Lading also include a “notify party” (usually the buyer or their agent) so that when the vessel arrives at the port of destination, the carrier can notify the party that the goods are available, are in need of customs clearing, or are ready for pick up. Usually the importer can pick up the goods after customs clearance and duties are paid. “Freight Collect” means the consignee pays the freight charges as well. “Freight Prepaid” means the shipper pays the freight charges, but not customs clearance unless the terms are “delivered duty paid”. <br />4 <br />Payment is due to the exporter before the importer receives the goods; “advance charges” can be added to the bill so the importer pays for the goods along with the other charges. Two checks should be received so the carrier can forward one check to the exporter for the cost of goods. <br />Inland Bill of Lading: Issued by the trucking company and/or the railroad line for taking the goods from the exporter’s facility to the port of embarkation or consolidation facility. <br />Ocean Bill of Lading (OBL): The Ocean B/L is an invoice, and may be issued as a “clean” bill of lading, meaning the carrier certifies that the goods have been received without visible damage. An “On-Board” B/L may be issued when the goods are received into the carrier’s port facility, basically confirming the cargo will be sailing. <br />Air Way Bill (AWB): The Air Way Bill is a form of bill of lading used for the air transport of goods. AWBs are non-negotiable, mainly because of the short amount of time that the goods are in transit. The original AWB is rarely needed by the importer at the other end of the shipment to prove ownership of goods. A “house airway bill” is issued by a freight forwarder on behalf of the actual carrier, which is the case when a freight forwarder has a contract rate with an air cargo service to expedite the documentation. <br />Export and License Declaration <br />Electronic Export Information (EEI): “EEI” is the acronym for the new process of filing what was the Shipper’s Export Declaration (SED) form 7525V. Census uses the EEI to collect trade data on the products, quantities, dollar value, volume and destinations of U.S. exports. To properly complete an EEI, the exporter is responsible for classifying their product under the appropriate Schedule B Number, or HS Code. An EEI is filed online and the Internal Transaction Number (Sample: ITN X20091110000001) is applied to key shipping documents, i.e., Invoice, B/L, verifying the actual filing <br />Certificates <br />Certificate of Origin (C/O): A document prepared by the original manufacturer and certified by a quasi-official authority - such as a Chamber of Commerce - stating the items’ country of origin. Most countries that require a C/O will accept a generic C/O as long as all of the required data elements are given. However, some countries, like Israel, have a special green C/O form that must be used. To take advantage of duty free provisions in a U.S. Free Trade Agreement, be sure to use the particular C/O that addresses the “rules of origin” criteria for each country. <br />Certificate of Insurance: This document indicates the type and amount of insurance in force on a particular shipment for loss or damage while in transit. It is sometimes referred to as Marine insurance, but may cover the entire voyage<br />Certificate of Inspection: Some customers will require a “pre-shipment inspection” to satisfy their own requirements or local regulations, according to an industry, government, or carrier specification. Neutral organizations specialize in these types of certifications, whereby an inspector checks the goods in question prior to shipment. Sometimes an inspector can look at a sample, but other times inspection must occur when the goods are packaged to issue a certificate. <br />Certificate of Free Sale: This form may be required by the importing country to ensure that the goods offered for entry comply with domestic requirements for sale in the U.S. It is often required for agricultural, medicinal, or cosmetic products and can be issued by the VEDP or U.S. FDA. <br />Special Documents <br />Declaration of Dangerous Goods (DGD): A DGD declares the nature, quantity, and quantity of hazardous materials and reports the proper classification for each item. <br />ATA Carnet: A Carnet, sometimes referred to as a “merchandise passport”, is used for shipping goods to countries on a temporary, duty-free basis only. For a fee, this passport allows a company to ship needed materials to foreign trade shows or conduct repairs overseas. Within a year, the materials must return to the U.S. in order to avoid a hefty fine. <br />Documentary Letters of Credit (L/C): A letter of credit is a document issued by a bank committing to pay the seller/exporter a stated amount of money on behalf of the buyer/importer as long as the specific terms and conditions are met. Of all shipping documents, errors or making changes to the L/C are the most costly and time consuming because of the risk of payment in error. <br /> <br /> Inspection Certificate or Inspection Report The inspection certificate---inspection report or report of findings---is required by some importers and/or importing countries. Please see the sample Inspection Report. The export-trader uses such a report in the inspection of goods purchased from a manufacturer. The export-manufacturer also uses such a report in the inspection of its own productions.In case an inspection certificate is required, the importer may stipulate in the letter of credit (L/C) to use a specific independent surveyor.In the case of a foreign government required pre-shipment inspection, which is stipulated in the L/C, the report of findings can be in the form of a security label attached on the invoice. The label bears the number and date of the corresponding report of findings issued by the foreign government engaged surveyor.Certificates of Origin The certificate of origin is a document certifying the country in which the product was manufactured, and in certain cases may include such information as the local material and labor contents of the product.Some importing countries require a certificate of origin to establish whether or not a preferential duty rate is applicable. A popular example of the certificate of origin is the Form A, which is often called the GSP Form A.The certificate of origin (C/O)is an alternative to the declaration or the certification and/or legalization of the commercial invoice. The C/O is based on the rules of the country of origin.The country of origin is the country where the goods are grown, produced or manufactured. The manufactured goods must have been substantially transformed in the exporting country as the country of origin, to their present form ready for export. Certain operations such as packaging, splitting and sorting may not be considered as sufficient operations to confer origin.The certificate of origin includes the Form A, Chamber of Commerce Certificate of Origin, Exporter's Certificate of Origin, and Free Trade Market Certificate of Origin. The trade agreement, import practice, and letter of credit (L/C) stipulation determine the type of C/O needed.Form APlease see the sample Form A and the explanations.Chamber of Commerce Certificate of OriginThe importer or the importing country may require a specific certificate of origin (C/O) form issued by a Chamber of Commerce in the exporting country. Some countries may further require the consular legalization of the C/O after the Chamber of Commerce certification. The certification and legalization normally require payment of a fee.Exporter's Certificate of OriginUnless the letter of credit (L/C) stipulates a specific certificate of origin (C/O) form and/or the issuer and/or the wording (data content), the exporter may issue his/her own C/O using the company letterhead. The C/O contents may include the same data as in the commercial invoice and packing list, adding a declaration that the goods in question are manufactured in the exporting country, and that the amount shown on invoice is the true and correct value.Depending on the L/C stipulation, the certificate of origin issued by the exporter may be self-certified and/or require certification by a Chamber of Commerce or the government foreign trade office. The certification normally requires payment of a fee, unless self-certified.Free Trade Market Certificates of Origin NAFTA Certificate of OriginThe North American Free Tree Agreement (NAFTA) Certificate of Origin is used within the NAFTA countries (i.e., Canada, USA and Mexico). The form is available at the customs office. It is self-certified by the exporter. EC Certificate of OriginThe European Community (EC) Certificate of Origin, as its name implies, is used in the European Community. It is issued by the Chamber of Commerce of the exporting country, usually with payment of a fee.EC countries consist of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and United Kingdom. Movement CertificatesDifferent Movement Certificates are being used in the European Union (EU)---EC (European Community) and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) countries. The certificates require endorsement by the customs of the exporting country.EFTA countries consist of Austria, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.Customs Invoice The customs invoice is used in lieu of the commercial invoice in a few importing countries for customs purposes, but the importer often needs a commercial invoice too. The customs invoice can be in a form called the certificate of value. The invoices vary in format but they contain essentially the same data as in the commercial invoice and packing list.The invoice is self-certified by the exporter. The blank customs invoice is available from the customs broker or forwarder and specialized printer.Certain importing countries may require their importers, not the exporters in the exporting country, to provide the completed customs invoice for customs clearance.Consular Invoice As the name implies, the consular invoice is a specific invoice issued by the Consul of the importing country. Many importing countries, mainly less developed countries, have already phased out this invoice. It is used for customs clearance and other purposes, as such any errors or omissions on the invoice may cause problems and fines at the customs in the importing country. The consular invoice is a form of non-tariff barrier.The format of the consular invoice form varies greatly, but it contains essentially the same data as in the commercial invoice and packing list. The invoice form is either in the language of the importing country (Spanish usually) or bilingual, that is, a combination of English and Spanish usually.The exporter's declaration normally is included in a consular invoice. The consular legalization and payment of a consular fee is required. The consular fee can be a percentage of the FOB invoice value.<br />