This document summarizes a study that explored the determinants of intrinsic interest among undergraduate accounting students. The study involved 136 accounting students who completed a questionnaire. There were five independent variables examined: intrinsic interest, extrinsic interest, self-efficacy, parental and peer influence, and anticipated conflict. Results found that extrinsic interest and self-efficacy were positively associated with intrinsic interest. Parental and peer influence and anticipated conflict were negatively associated with intrinsic interest, though parental influence was not significant. The study aims to help understand factors influencing students' choice of accounting as a major.
ABSTRACT- Psychology is the study of mentality and behaviour. Present study is an attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individ-ual. It tries to establish parameters which form the basis for the future research. Study of students’ psychology in the field of education is much more important in terms of career adoption behaviour of students. Present research was based on the survey in the college going students. The candidates were interviewed regarding their selection of the present non-professional course. The results of the study suggested that the conditions and back-ground of the students effect the decision of their career adoption in present study area. Keywords: Profession, Psychology, Faculty, Knowledge
Influence of Assessment Process on Students Higher Order Learning in Science ...iosrjce
The study is an attempt to find out the influence of assessment process on students higher order
learning in science subjects in Bangladesh. The main objectives of the study are: (i) to identify the nature of the
question items of science subjects, (ii) to examine what kind of learning is influenced by the question items, and
(iii) to identify the role of science exams on students higher order learning. Findings of the study showed that,
majority of the science question items are mostly knowledge based. The nature of the items mainly demanded
the memorizing ability of the learners and it can be said that simple learning or straightforward learning skills
like memorizing is influenced heavily by the question items. It is also found unlikely but truly that; the question
items do not play any significant role on students higher order learning. The foregoing discussions suggest that
the nature of the assessment process used at the examinations make a bad or negative impact on students
learning. Therefore, the nature of the question items of the science examination should be changed for
influencing the students higher order learning and it should cover all the sub-domain of the cognitive domain of
learning. The items should be designed in such a way that it encourages the students for self-thinking
Time perspective, hope, and learning strategy among rural australian universi...James Cook University
Ganzer, J., Caltabiano, N. J., & Hajhashemi, K. (2015). Time Perspective, Hope, and Learning Strategy among Rural Australian University Students. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 10(4). doi: 10.9734/BJESBS/2015/19449
ABSTRACT- Psychology is the study of mentality and behaviour. Present study is an attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individ-ual. It tries to establish parameters which form the basis for the future research. Study of students’ psychology in the field of education is much more important in terms of career adoption behaviour of students. Present research was based on the survey in the college going students. The candidates were interviewed regarding their selection of the present non-professional course. The results of the study suggested that the conditions and back-ground of the students effect the decision of their career adoption in present study area. Keywords: Profession, Psychology, Faculty, Knowledge
Influence of Assessment Process on Students Higher Order Learning in Science ...iosrjce
The study is an attempt to find out the influence of assessment process on students higher order
learning in science subjects in Bangladesh. The main objectives of the study are: (i) to identify the nature of the
question items of science subjects, (ii) to examine what kind of learning is influenced by the question items, and
(iii) to identify the role of science exams on students higher order learning. Findings of the study showed that,
majority of the science question items are mostly knowledge based. The nature of the items mainly demanded
the memorizing ability of the learners and it can be said that simple learning or straightforward learning skills
like memorizing is influenced heavily by the question items. It is also found unlikely but truly that; the question
items do not play any significant role on students higher order learning. The foregoing discussions suggest that
the nature of the assessment process used at the examinations make a bad or negative impact on students
learning. Therefore, the nature of the question items of the science examination should be changed for
influencing the students higher order learning and it should cover all the sub-domain of the cognitive domain of
learning. The items should be designed in such a way that it encourages the students for self-thinking
Time perspective, hope, and learning strategy among rural australian universi...James Cook University
Ganzer, J., Caltabiano, N. J., & Hajhashemi, K. (2015). Time Perspective, Hope, and Learning Strategy among Rural Australian University Students. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 10(4). doi: 10.9734/BJESBS/2015/19449
Improving Second Semester Students' Learning Outcomes in Sharia Business Cour...inventionjournals
This research aimed to reveal the benefits of using the cooperative learning model think pair sharein improving student learning outcomes inShariah Business courses at the Faculty of Economics at Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra. This research using class room action research with the stage of planning, action, observation and reflection. This study used cluster sampling in which a class of sampled study consisted of 42 students. The results of this study revealed that the cooperative learning model think pare share could improve student results in Sharia Business subjects. Students responded positively to the learning process about the method of Think Pair Share.
Secondary School Students Attitude towards Junior School Certificate (JSC) Ex...Md. Mehadi Rahman
The study investigates secondary students’ attitude towards junior school certificate (JSC) examination in Bangladesh. The study is mainly quantitative and data was collected in a computable manner through questionnaires. Secondary students who would take the JSC examination were the main data source of the study. Two hundred fifty students (120 male and 130 female) were chosen randomly from ten secondary schools (five private and five government) in Dhaka. The study revealed that secondary students have a positive attitude towards JSC examination. There was no significant difference between male and female students’ attitude towards JSC examination. JSC exam had increased students’ both
quality of study and study time, enhanced students’ creativity, and reduced the fear of examination. On the contrary, JSC examination had hampered students’ normal life by extra stress, reduced their playtime, and made them dependent on guidebooks for better grades. Therefore, the study suggests changing current JSC examination systems by creating test items focused on creativity and problem-solving tasks to ensure the quality of education in Bangladesh. These findings can inform the government as well as other relevant stakeholders in making necessary changes in the JSC examination in Bangladesh
Educ 243 educational evaluation dr. jl_paglinawanJames Paglinawan
Study Guide for the Lessons in the subject education 243 (Educational Evaluation) of Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines
Article Review. "Retaining Experts:Administrators' views on Retention Incentives and Older Employees" Moon T.C., Beck S., & Laudicina R.J., Clin Lab Sci 2014;27(3):162
Assignment in fulfillment of MBA, subject: Human Resource Management by Santhy Govindasamy, The Open University Malaysia
Purpose: This study aims to identify the problem solving abilities possessed by junior high school students. The type of research used is quantitative which uses a research design survey. The sample of this study is 98 students taken based on purposive sampling techniques. This study uses descriptive statistics to analyze the data generated. From the results of the analysis that has been done, it was found that there is a problem solving indicator by students in mathematics which is a indicated by the indicators of planning a solution which has a good category of a 56.1% (55 of 98) students, the indicator of problem solving has a good category of a 56.1% (55 out of 98) students, indicators of a problem solving planning had a good category of a 54.1% (53 of 98) students, and an indicator of understanding a problem had a good category of a 60.2% (59 of 98) students.
Research of Influencing Factors of College Students’ Personalized Learning Ba...inventionjournals
Smart learning environment, as a high form of digital learning environment, accelerates the wide spread of personalized learning supported by Information Technology. Based on the literature analysis and Delphi method, this paper constructs a scale of influencing factors of college students’ personalized learning based on smart learning environment. By factors analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, average difference test and regression analysis, this paper obtains four factors that affect college students’ personalized learning based on smart learning environment, i.e. learner factor, teacher factor, learning environment factor and learning resource factor, and explores the relationship among these factors through structural equation model. The purpose of this paper is not only to provide a theoretical basis for further study, but also to provide advice and guidance for the effective launching of personalized learning based on smart learning environment, which helps to stimulate college students’ potential and expertise, teach according to each student's individual differences, and promote the educational reform.
Cognitive dimensions development is one of the objective of education. This research aimed to identify the structure, evaluate the focus, analyze the conformity toward the referred adoption standard, and evaluate the emphasis of thinking skill order of cognitive processes in the e-textbook for 4th grade students. Evaluation was carried out for the curriculum 2013 e-textbooks published in 2014, including theme 2, 3 and 4. Identification of cognitive process dimensions was carried out using revised Bloom’s taxonomy, while the conformity was anayzed using Alzu’bi’s preference. Statistical analysis was carried out with chi-square test. The result showed that the structure of cognitive dimensions in three examined e-textbooks were not consistent one another. Theme 2 emphasized on the high order thinking skill focused on the creating dimension. Theme 3 emphasized on the low order thinking skill focused on the understanding dimension. While theme 3 facilitated both thinking skill orders with a little tendency to the evaluating dimension. There was no conformity of the cognitive dimensions structure of the three themes toward the referred adoption standard. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference on the structure of cognitive dimensions between themes, and between each themes and the referred adoption standard.
The purpose of this study is to find out the critical thinking skills indicators and aspects of prospective elementary school teachers in mathematics-science integration lectures on electrical circuits and mathematical logic lesson. This research uses random sampling technique in which 30 first semester students were chosen randomly from one of university in Padang region West Sumatera Indonesia. This research uses Research and Development (R & D). The critical thinking skills are seen from processes, observations, and tests. The process of critical thinking skills of prospective elementary school teachers on the average of critical thinking skills indicator is 84% in strategies and tactics, 80% in advanced clarification and 83% in elementary clarification, basic support, and inference. The result of observing the critical thinking skills of prospective elementary school teachers on the average of each lectures is significantly increased to be 81.9%. The results of pre-test and post-test were increased significantly. It is shown from N-gain of 0.7 to be medium category.
The main obstacle of children with special needs to advance is access to education as high as possible not to the disability, but to social acceptance of the community. This study aims 1) To determine the acceptability of children with special needs in the inclusive elementary school environment. It includes principals, teachers, learners, and parents. 2) To determine the factors those influence the acceptance of children with special needs in the inclusive elementary school environment. This is an interactive qualitative research. The research site is Wirosaban Elementary School, Yogyakarta City. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis technique is analytic descriptive data analysis. The results show: 1) Acceptability of children with special needs in inclusive school environment is quite good after going through various processes. School trying to accept children with special needs even though the school realized its service on some things still not maximal 2) There are four factors that affect the school environment perception of children with special needs. These factors are: knowledge and insight factor on inclusive education, b. environmental support factor outside the school, c. facilities factor, d. the persistence factor of the guardians of the special needs students.
The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between students' motivation, academic performance, and career commitment on accounting profession among undergraduate accounting students. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon encountered by accounting undergraduate students whose academic performance is not satisfactory as well as problems related to the completion of the study and high turn-over of the accounting profession. The sample of the study involved 101 undergraduate accounting students of Universitas Padjadjaran. There are three independent variables investigated in this study namely study motivation, academic performance and commitment carrier in the accounting profession. Intrinsic interest, extrinsic interest, normative beliefs and conflict anticipation were treated as sub-variables of the study motivation. Data were obtained through an electronic questionnaire using Google Form platform. Descriptive analysis along with bivariate correlation analysis was applied in this study. The results indicate that majority of accounting undergraduate student choosing accounting study program due to intrinsic interest motivation and extrinsic interest motivation and there is no indication motivation influenced by normative beliefs motivation and conflict anticipation motivation. Intrinsic interest has a positive and significant correlation with academic performance (r=2.17, p<0.01) and academic performance has a positive correlation (r = 0.124) with commitment carrier in the accounting profession.
Summative Case Study In Nursing
Practice Of Summative Assessment
Comparing Formative And Summative Evaluations
Formative Vs. Summative Assessment
Summative Versus Formative Assessments Essay
Reflection On Summative Assessment
Essay about Summative Assessment Preparation
Summative Paper
Assessment And Summative Assessment
Summary : Formative And Summative Assessments
Summative Assessment
Summative Assessment Case Study
Formative And Summative Assessment
End-Of-Year Summative Review
What Is Formative And Summative Assessment
Improving Second Semester Students' Learning Outcomes in Sharia Business Cour...inventionjournals
This research aimed to reveal the benefits of using the cooperative learning model think pair sharein improving student learning outcomes inShariah Business courses at the Faculty of Economics at Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra. This research using class room action research with the stage of planning, action, observation and reflection. This study used cluster sampling in which a class of sampled study consisted of 42 students. The results of this study revealed that the cooperative learning model think pare share could improve student results in Sharia Business subjects. Students responded positively to the learning process about the method of Think Pair Share.
Secondary School Students Attitude towards Junior School Certificate (JSC) Ex...Md. Mehadi Rahman
The study investigates secondary students’ attitude towards junior school certificate (JSC) examination in Bangladesh. The study is mainly quantitative and data was collected in a computable manner through questionnaires. Secondary students who would take the JSC examination were the main data source of the study. Two hundred fifty students (120 male and 130 female) were chosen randomly from ten secondary schools (five private and five government) in Dhaka. The study revealed that secondary students have a positive attitude towards JSC examination. There was no significant difference between male and female students’ attitude towards JSC examination. JSC exam had increased students’ both
quality of study and study time, enhanced students’ creativity, and reduced the fear of examination. On the contrary, JSC examination had hampered students’ normal life by extra stress, reduced their playtime, and made them dependent on guidebooks for better grades. Therefore, the study suggests changing current JSC examination systems by creating test items focused on creativity and problem-solving tasks to ensure the quality of education in Bangladesh. These findings can inform the government as well as other relevant stakeholders in making necessary changes in the JSC examination in Bangladesh
Educ 243 educational evaluation dr. jl_paglinawanJames Paglinawan
Study Guide for the Lessons in the subject education 243 (Educational Evaluation) of Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines
Article Review. "Retaining Experts:Administrators' views on Retention Incentives and Older Employees" Moon T.C., Beck S., & Laudicina R.J., Clin Lab Sci 2014;27(3):162
Assignment in fulfillment of MBA, subject: Human Resource Management by Santhy Govindasamy, The Open University Malaysia
Purpose: This study aims to identify the problem solving abilities possessed by junior high school students. The type of research used is quantitative which uses a research design survey. The sample of this study is 98 students taken based on purposive sampling techniques. This study uses descriptive statistics to analyze the data generated. From the results of the analysis that has been done, it was found that there is a problem solving indicator by students in mathematics which is a indicated by the indicators of planning a solution which has a good category of a 56.1% (55 of 98) students, the indicator of problem solving has a good category of a 56.1% (55 out of 98) students, indicators of a problem solving planning had a good category of a 54.1% (53 of 98) students, and an indicator of understanding a problem had a good category of a 60.2% (59 of 98) students.
Research of Influencing Factors of College Students’ Personalized Learning Ba...inventionjournals
Smart learning environment, as a high form of digital learning environment, accelerates the wide spread of personalized learning supported by Information Technology. Based on the literature analysis and Delphi method, this paper constructs a scale of influencing factors of college students’ personalized learning based on smart learning environment. By factors analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, average difference test and regression analysis, this paper obtains four factors that affect college students’ personalized learning based on smart learning environment, i.e. learner factor, teacher factor, learning environment factor and learning resource factor, and explores the relationship among these factors through structural equation model. The purpose of this paper is not only to provide a theoretical basis for further study, but also to provide advice and guidance for the effective launching of personalized learning based on smart learning environment, which helps to stimulate college students’ potential and expertise, teach according to each student's individual differences, and promote the educational reform.
Cognitive dimensions development is one of the objective of education. This research aimed to identify the structure, evaluate the focus, analyze the conformity toward the referred adoption standard, and evaluate the emphasis of thinking skill order of cognitive processes in the e-textbook for 4th grade students. Evaluation was carried out for the curriculum 2013 e-textbooks published in 2014, including theme 2, 3 and 4. Identification of cognitive process dimensions was carried out using revised Bloom’s taxonomy, while the conformity was anayzed using Alzu’bi’s preference. Statistical analysis was carried out with chi-square test. The result showed that the structure of cognitive dimensions in three examined e-textbooks were not consistent one another. Theme 2 emphasized on the high order thinking skill focused on the creating dimension. Theme 3 emphasized on the low order thinking skill focused on the understanding dimension. While theme 3 facilitated both thinking skill orders with a little tendency to the evaluating dimension. There was no conformity of the cognitive dimensions structure of the three themes toward the referred adoption standard. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference on the structure of cognitive dimensions between themes, and between each themes and the referred adoption standard.
The purpose of this study is to find out the critical thinking skills indicators and aspects of prospective elementary school teachers in mathematics-science integration lectures on electrical circuits and mathematical logic lesson. This research uses random sampling technique in which 30 first semester students were chosen randomly from one of university in Padang region West Sumatera Indonesia. This research uses Research and Development (R & D). The critical thinking skills are seen from processes, observations, and tests. The process of critical thinking skills of prospective elementary school teachers on the average of critical thinking skills indicator is 84% in strategies and tactics, 80% in advanced clarification and 83% in elementary clarification, basic support, and inference. The result of observing the critical thinking skills of prospective elementary school teachers on the average of each lectures is significantly increased to be 81.9%. The results of pre-test and post-test were increased significantly. It is shown from N-gain of 0.7 to be medium category.
The main obstacle of children with special needs to advance is access to education as high as possible not to the disability, but to social acceptance of the community. This study aims 1) To determine the acceptability of children with special needs in the inclusive elementary school environment. It includes principals, teachers, learners, and parents. 2) To determine the factors those influence the acceptance of children with special needs in the inclusive elementary school environment. This is an interactive qualitative research. The research site is Wirosaban Elementary School, Yogyakarta City. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis technique is analytic descriptive data analysis. The results show: 1) Acceptability of children with special needs in inclusive school environment is quite good after going through various processes. School trying to accept children with special needs even though the school realized its service on some things still not maximal 2) There are four factors that affect the school environment perception of children with special needs. These factors are: knowledge and insight factor on inclusive education, b. environmental support factor outside the school, c. facilities factor, d. the persistence factor of the guardians of the special needs students.
The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between students' motivation, academic performance, and career commitment on accounting profession among undergraduate accounting students. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon encountered by accounting undergraduate students whose academic performance is not satisfactory as well as problems related to the completion of the study and high turn-over of the accounting profession. The sample of the study involved 101 undergraduate accounting students of Universitas Padjadjaran. There are three independent variables investigated in this study namely study motivation, academic performance and commitment carrier in the accounting profession. Intrinsic interest, extrinsic interest, normative beliefs and conflict anticipation were treated as sub-variables of the study motivation. Data were obtained through an electronic questionnaire using Google Form platform. Descriptive analysis along with bivariate correlation analysis was applied in this study. The results indicate that majority of accounting undergraduate student choosing accounting study program due to intrinsic interest motivation and extrinsic interest motivation and there is no indication motivation influenced by normative beliefs motivation and conflict anticipation motivation. Intrinsic interest has a positive and significant correlation with academic performance (r=2.17, p<0.01) and academic performance has a positive correlation (r = 0.124) with commitment carrier in the accounting profession.
Summative Case Study In Nursing
Practice Of Summative Assessment
Comparing Formative And Summative Evaluations
Formative Vs. Summative Assessment
Summative Versus Formative Assessments Essay
Reflection On Summative Assessment
Essay about Summative Assessment Preparation
Summative Paper
Assessment And Summative Assessment
Summary : Formative And Summative Assessments
Summative Assessment
Summative Assessment Case Study
Formative And Summative Assessment
End-Of-Year Summative Review
What Is Formative And Summative Assessment
Scope and Determinant of Career Preferences for Accounting Student at Udayana...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :The accounting world poses broad career preferences as the times go, attracting students to
major in this field. The wide options of career preferences in accounting field have provided the students various
career preferences based on their wishes and skills. Adequate insight and information into accounting career
preferences will help the students determine the correct accounting career for themselves. This study sought to
describe the career preferences of undergraduate accounting students of batch 2018 and 2019 at Faculty of
Economics and Business, Udayana University. A descriptive cross-sectional method was used on this study. The
data were obtained as the results of the questionnaire administered to the samples meeting the inclusion criteria.
The number of samples involved in this study amounted to 143 students, of which 71 students of the 2018 batch
and 72 students of the 2019 batch. The results of the study revealed that 114 students (79.8%) chose an
accountant career and 29 students (20.2%) choose a non-accountant career. Furthermore, a total of 41 students
(35.9%) chose to become internal accountants, 46 students (40.3%) chose to become public accountants, 23
students (20.2%) chose to become government accountants, and 4 students (3.5%) chose to become educator
accountants. The career preferences were driven by intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, career exposure,
and gender issues.
KEYWORDS -career preferences, accounting students, accounting careers, Faculty of Economics and
Business, Udayana University
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MEASURING STUDENTS’ MENTAL TOUGHNESS AND REFLECTIONTOWARDS ENHANCED LEARNIN...RayRudolfPastrana1
The study measured the influence of mental toughness and reflection on learning to the academic performance in Science of the junior high school students in Kakawate National High School during the first quarter of the School Year 2022-2023.
Do we really believe that every child can succeed? How does the view that a child’s potential is limited affect our ability to reach that child and inhibit his growth and academic success? The largely unexplored, and in some cases erroneous, beliefs held by many mainstream educators have resulted in ineffective and even damaging educational practice.
Source: https://ebookscheaper.com/2021/05/12/influencing-the-quality-of-education/
Discussion 5Critically think about ethnocentrism, culture, andLyndonPelletier761
Discussion 5
Critically think about ethnocentrism, culture, and how these concepts impact research. Familiarize yourself with the objectives in Module 5 as well as the assigned course materials, videos, articles, and introduction. Use the assigned readings for this week as a primary reference as well as material from the Saint Leo Online Library for peer reviewed sources and to find relevance to this week’s topic. Please share your information with our classmates on this thread.
Questions:
1. Define culture, ethnocentrism and social construction. What are ways in which ethnocentrism can be avoided when conducting research? What core values or ethical principles are violated when ethnocentrism is not avoided and is included in research in the form of a bias?
2. How does avoiding ethnocentrism and including diversity in one’s research positively impact the quality of one’s work? How will you use what you have learned about diversity and ethnocentrism in your own life both as a student and in a future career in the field of psychology?
Articles to read:
Marshall, A., & Batten, S. (2004). Researching across cultures: Issues of ethics and power. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 5. Retrieved from http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs /article/view/572/1241
Medin, D. L., & Lee, C. D. (2012). Presidential column. Diversity makes better science. Observer, 25. Retrieved from http://www. psychologicalscience.org/ index.php/publications/ observer/2012/may-june-12/diversity-makes-better-science.html
Redding, R. E. (2001). Sociopolitical diversity in psychology: The case for pluralism. American Psychologist, 56(3), 205-215. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.205
5
Recommendations for Solving Equity Gaps at James Monroe High School, Virginia
Michael Whitener
School of Education, Liberty University
In partial fulfillment of EDUC 816
Interview Questions
Central Question:
How can the gaps in college readiness between students from low-income and underserved communities and those from wealthy and majority groups be eliminated?
Interview Questions
1. What parameters/Indicators are used to determine whether a student is college-ready or not?
The question is crucial in identifying whether the instructors are aware of the factors that contribute to college readiness among the students. Several indicators influence college readiness. Such parameters are combined before understanding whether a high school student is college-ready. Some indicators accurately show students’ college preparedness, while others give a false picture. Leeds & Mokher (2019) showed that using placement tests to assign students to developmental courses results in frequent misplacement. The authors used data from Florida. They concluded that it might be preferable to choose cutoffs that minimize misplacement than to use new metrics (Leeds & Mokher, 2019). Also, they proposed that each state use metrics that are unique to their con ...
This study investigated the direct and indirect effects of learning styles,
ethics education, and ethical climate on student’s ethical behavior. The
samples were obtained through a proportionate random sampling technique
so that 273 students had taken the courses of conservation education,
professional ethics for teachers, and business ethics. The data were collected
using questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis. The research findings
showed that learning styles and ethical education could directly influence
ethical behavior. At the same time, the ethical climate did not have a direct
influence on ethical behavior. The ethical climate could not mediate the
effect of learning styles and ethics education on ethical behavior. It means
that learning styles and ethical education contribute significantly to the
formation of good behavior and student’s characters. It is supporting a
learning styles approach suggests that it offers benefit to students.
The principles are organized into these areas of psychological functioning:. Cognition and learning; Motivation; Social and emotional dimensions;. Context and learning; .& Assessment.
English language teaching (ELT) in Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, commonly known as pesantren, presents a unique context that requires a tailored pedagogical approach. This study aimed to explore the application of context-responsive pedagogy in ELT within the unique context of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. This qualitative study employed semistructured interviews and classroom observation as data generation methods to gain insights into the experiences and perspectives of English language teachers regarding the implementation of context-responsive pedagogy in English language instruction. The findings revealed the importance of understanding learner needs, incorporating authentic materials, promoting cultural sensitivity, and effective use of technology in ELT practices in Islamic boarding school contexts. This study delves into how English language teachers navigated and negotiated their practices with the socio-cultural and religious values entrenched in this institution. It also highlighted the challenges English language teachers in this school context faced in the implementation of context-responsive pedagogy. Eventually, this research provides valuable insights for ELT practitioners, policymakers, and researchers interested in incorporating context-specific pedagogy to optimize ELT in Islamic boarding schools and similar educational contexts.
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a training curriculum intended to enhance the quality of life for the elderly. As Thailand witnesses a demographic shift with increasing numbers of older adults, driven by declining birth rates and extended life expectancies, the importance of ensuring quality elderly care becomes paramount. The devised curriculum encompasses eight principal elements focusing on the elderly, defined as those aged 60 and above, addressing their physical and mental changes, well-being, health, and overall satisfaction. The content is holistic, integrating components of music, art, health care, and exercise. Delivered over a two-day period, the curriculum employs a structured approach featuring lectures, discussions, and knowledge exchanges, supported by a range of media and materials. Initial assessments revealed a moderate quality of life among the elderly, but post-training evaluations indicated enhanced knowledge, understanding, and positive attitudes towards the activities, pointing to an overall high level of effectiveness of the curriculum.
The study of the role of the pedagogy of partnership (PoP) in building the professional competence of future primary school teachers is relevant in the context of modern educational and pedagogical transformations, which require the preparation of teachers for new challenges and creating a favourable learning environment. Therefore, the aim of our study was to check the effect of observing the pedagogical partnership principles in the educational process on the development of the communicative competence of future primary school teachers. The study employed the following psychodiagnostic methods: the Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode instrument (TKI), Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI), Snyder’s self-control in communication. The implementation of the PoP programme in higher education institutions (HEIs) has a positive effect on the development of the communicative competence of future teachers, in particular, on developing the ability for self-control and increasing the scope of psychological knowledge. The study revealed some important correlations. Our results indicate that cooperation and the ability to make compromises are directly related to the communicative abilities of future teachers. Further research can be focused on studying the impact of pedagogical partnership on other aspects of future teacher training, such as methodical mastery, motivation for learning and development.
This study examined the relationship between students’ academic performance, teachers’ commitment, and leadership behavior of school administrators. Teachers’ commitment was measured in two areas– commitment to job and commitment to organization and the leadership behavior of school administrators were evaluated in terms of consideration and initiating structure. Eighty-one teachers, 11 school heads, and 470 students served as respondents. The descriptive survey research technique, correlation analysis, and the following statistical methods were used: frequency, mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient. The study revealed that the initiating structure and consideration dimensions of leadership behavior affect teachers’ commitment to job (CTJ) and teacher’s commitment to organization (CTO). The correlation between CTJ and CTO and leadership behavior-initiating structure is positive and with leadership behavior-consideration negative. CTJ and CTO is correlated with the students’ academic performance in math, but not in Science and English. The correlation is negative. Students’ academic performance in all subject areas is negatively correlated with leadership behavior-initiating structure and has no significant relationship with leadership behavior-consideration. The leadership behavior-initiating structure is positively correlated with teachers’ commitment to both job and organization but has negative correlation with students’ academic performance in math, science, and English.
This study aims to describe preservice mathematics teacher knowledge of higher order thinking skills in terms of definition, Bloom's taxonomy level, curriculum, learning, and evaluation. This research is quantitative research with a survey method. and sample consisted of 248 preservice mathematics teachers in semesters VI - VIII of the Department of Mathematics Education, Nusa Cendana University, Timor University, and Wira Wacana Sumba University. The instrument used was a questionnaire about high order thinking skill (HOTS) which consisted of 105 statements. Data analysis used Likert's summeted rating, one sample test, Mann Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis tests, multiple linear regression test, and multivariate analyisis of variance (MANOVA) test. The results showed that the knowledge level of preservice mathematics teacher was in the good category. Based on gender differences, there was no significant difference in the average knowledge of preservice mathematics teacher about HOTS, there was a significant difference in the average knowledge of preservice mathematics teacher about HOTS which is significant based on differences in academic ability and gender differences do not significantly affect knowledge about HOTS levels in Bloom's taxonomy, curriculum, and pedagogy while academic knowledge has a significant effect on HOTS knowledge of preservice teachers in almost all aspects except for pedagogy.
Formative assessment is an evaluative practice developed in the classroom for the improvement of learning using evidence on student progression. The objective of this research is to compare sample groups from multigrade and single-grade classrooms on the theme of formative assessment based on the students' opinion of the teacher's performance. The method used was a comparative quantitative method. The sample type is a probability sample of 683 students from 5th to 8th grade from urban and rural schools in the commune of Longaví, located in the Maule Region of Chile. A validated Likert scale questionnaire with a high level of reliability (α = 0.93) was used. The results of the research showed that, in the six dimensions, the best teacher performance concerning formative assessment is found in multi-grade schools and not in single-grade schools. This can be explained on the basis of several reasons, among them the level of adaptability that teachers have in this type of classroom, the heterogeneous characteristics of the classroom (different ages and learning goals) and the need for teachers to monitor the learning progression of students with different classroom characteristics.
Financial literacy, as a fundamental skill in the 21st century, has become a life skill that is urgently needed to be improved. Globally, the drive to enhance financial literacy involves integrating it into the education curriculum, necessitating educators’ comprehensive grasp of financial literacy education before imparting it to students. This research aims to outline a conceptual model of financial literacy professional development to improve teachers’ professional competence, employing a narrative review that synthesizes 28 relevant literatures retrieved from Scopus databases. The results of the study show that an effective training model for teacher professional development (TPD) in financial literacy education should focus on essential financial literacy content consisting of planning and budgeting, banking services, income and careers, insurance, investment, savings, also spending and credit. Furthermore, the main characteristics of TPD regarding financial literacy education should encompass content focus, coherence, ownership, active learning, duration, and collective participation.
The objective of this research is to examine teachers' competence in designing activities after engaging in professional development activities aimed at enhancing teaching design in order to develop students' thinking abilities that are contextually appropriate. The participants consist of 5 elementary school science teachers from schools. The research employed semi-structured interviews and classroom observation as research instruments. The findings reveal that teachers engaged in self-development through observation and learning from their peers within the community of practice (CoP). They receive advice and feedback from fellow teachers and apply these insights to improve their activities. Consequently, teachers are able to continuously refine and develop their teaching approaches to align with students' contexts. This approach facilitate diversification in thinking and learning management, as well as collaborative teamwork to enhance teaching methods. As a result, engaging and interesting thinking development activities are incorporated into student learning, along with the creation of a seamless learning-promoting environment. Collaborative teamwork in instructional design and problem-solving further afford teachers the opportunity for additional self-learning and personal development. This collaborative approach also contributes to fostering cognitive diversity and relieved the need for individual teachers to undertake all tasks independently.
Adaptive online learning can be realized through the evaluation of the learning process. Monitoring and supervising learners’ cognitive levels and adjusting learning strategies can increasingly improve the quality of online learning. This analysis is made possible by real-time measurement of learners’ cognitive levels during the online learning process. However, most of the currently used techniques for evaluating cognitive levels rely on labour-intensive and time-consuming manual coding. In this study, we explore the machine learning (ML) algorithms and taxonomy of Bloom’s cognitive levels to explore features that affect learner’s cognitive level in online assessments and the ability to automatically predict learner’s cognitive level and thus, come up with a recommendation or pedagogical intervention to improve learner’s acquisition. The analysis of 15,182 learners’ assessments of a specific learning concept affirms the effectiveness of our approach. We attain an accuracy of 82.21% using ML algorithms. These results are very encouraging and have implications for how automated cognitive-level analysis tools for online learning will be developed in the future.
This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to investigate the potential of digital online game-based learning (DOGBL) to enhance motivation in English as a foreign language (EFL). Online gaming has grown in popularity among students, opening up the possibility of using games as powerful instructional resources. Academic achievement depends on motivation, and this study, led by self-determination theory (SDT), explored how external rules, like rewards and recognition, could increase motivation in EFL utilizing DOGBL. The study used the SLR method, examining databases and choosing articles based on predetermined criteria. The chosen publications were examined in-depth, and a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) diagram was employed for analysis. For results, DOGBL could enhance teaching EFL by providing flexible and interesting learning environments. Key elements in motivating in DOGBL included game design, personalization, social engagement, curricular integration, and instructor assistance. As a promising method to improve EFL instruction, game-based learning, especially DOGBL, saw considerable developments between 2018 and 2023. Thus, these ground-breaking techniques transformed the way people learn English vocabulary and provided a fun and engaging way to learn the language. For educators and students, the potential for DOGBL to change EFL education is still exciting as technology develops.
The development of postmodern-era technology in the world of education is increasingly sophisticated, thus impacting the character of students and their social environment. Technological progress negatively affects the lives of today's generation. When misuse of technology is widespread, it is imperative to strengthen cultural and religious filtration. So that the influence of globalization on technological development can be minimized. So as not to damage the cultural values and morality of students as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to explain the importance of transforming the values of Bima's local wisdom "Nggusu Waru" through the media of social studies e-books. The results and conclusions of this study are efforts to develop students' social character that require teacher collaboration, supervision, and optimal parental attention so that their interest in learning is higher and minimizes deviant behavior. This research method uses research and development design. At the stage of preliminary studies with models developed by Borg and Gall. Through several stages of research, information gathering, development of initial forms of products, and initial field testing. In this step, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data is analyzed to find out some of its weaknesses and shortcomings.
This research investigated the pre-service teachers’ self-regulation, selfefficacy, and mathematics performance in blended learning during the post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a state university using a descriptive correlational design. There were 201 pre-service teachers who were identified using simple random sampling. They answered the two-set survey questionnaire, which assessed their self-regulation and self-efficacy, while their performances were assessed using their grades in the subject. The data gathered were treated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that they had high self-regulation while they had a very high level of self-efficacy. At the same time, they had a very satisfactory performance in mathematics. Moreover, their self-regulation in terms of planning, monitoring, and adjusting was significantly correlated with their math performance while reflecting is not. However, no significant relationship was found between their self-efficacy and mathematics performance. Thus, instructors are encouraged to conduct monitoring during blended learning to encourage pre-service teachers to maintain their high level of self-regulation and self-efficacy in learning mathematics. In addition, future researchers may explore the same variables to validate the findings of the study because these findings are limited only to pre-service teachers and were conducted during the post COVID-19 pandemic.
This study explores the correlation between technology utilization and language acquisition while analyzing the impact of moderating variables on this relation. Our meta-analysis approach analyzes data from 43 extracts out of 19 primary studies published between 2012 and 2021. Our data analysis employs a random-effect model utilizing a significance level of α = 0.05. Additionally, the authors examine four moderating variables: level of education, location of research, proficiency in language, and year of publication. Technology-based language acquisition outperforms traditional methods, indicating a significant and moderate impact on the learning process. This study enhances comprehension of the efficacy of technology in language acquisition by identifying various factors, such as the geographical location of research, methods of assessing language proficiency, and technology type employed. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the notion that educational level or sample size significantly impact technology-based language acquisition. This meta-analysis highlights the importance of considering nuanced factors when integrating technology into language learning. The findings emphasize the possibility of technology to transform methods of acquiring language and urge additional investigation into customized strategies that optimize its advantages.
Effective science instruction in a blended learning approach is synonymous with the strategic use of instructional videos (IVs) to fill the gap in teacher support. This study aims to determine the IVs’ effectiveness in improving students' concept retention and overall learning experiences. The experimental group was exposed to instruction integrating IVs via embedded mixed-method design, whereas the control group was exposed to traditional lecture methods. The results showed that students' post-test scores and concept retention improved significantly in the experimental group, where students reported better learning experiences than in the control group. This beneficial effect of a technology-integrated approach can be attributed to various elements of IVs, such as engaging content, motion graphics, video length, the language used, and the speaker's perspective. This study recommends that IVs be used to enhance learning opportunities and results in the teaching and learning process.
Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are an important element in facing the challenges of the 21 st-century. Difficulty in solving problems systematically, facing challenges in an organized manner, and being unable to design original solutions are due to the low HOTS that students have. HOTS ability can improve students who low-level thinking skills in several ways, for example, through learning integrated with media, practice, and assessment or HOTS-based cognitive assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a HOTS-based cognitive assessment to assess students' HOTS abilities. The device development model used is an adaptation of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The research sample consisted of 30 students in class 11 of the Governance and Office Automation Competency Program of Vocational High School 1 Kudus. The result is that 11 students have the HOTS ability with very good criteria, 17 well criteria, and 2 enough criteria. This study suggests that a test instrument for further research is to measure students' HOTS ability. The Experts conclude that HOTS-based cognitive assessment can be used as an approach to improve students' HOTS to actively think selectively and supported by logical argumentation.
The background of this research is the need for teacher innovation in developing digital-based learning media in Indonesian language learning. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with the analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model, which consists of five research stages: analysis, planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation that present the results regarding innovation, features, applications, and the impact of using the benkangen game in learning Indonesian in elementary school. The subjects of this study were 25 teachers from 25 elementary schools, and 66 students from 10 elementary schools in Magelang district and Magelang city. The results showed innovation in the development of game applications based on Magelang local wisdom with game features in the form of puzzles of Magelang culture and local wisdom, Indonesian language learning materials packaged in the form of questions accompanied by the number of points in each answer, and audio that reflects local wisdom in Central Java. The novelty of this research is the development of the benkangen game based on Magelang local wisdom, which still needs to be developed by teachers in Indonesia. Future research needs to explore the innovation of Indonesian language learning games through the latest software.
The specific processes, techniques, and actions that learners take to facilitate their language learning have been widely explored under the concept of language learning strategies (LLS); however, more exploration is needed about recent investigations in this area, as calls for new theorization of strategies research have emerged. This systematic literature review aimed at exploring the prevailing research methodologies and educational settings appertaining to LLS in English as foreign language (EFL) contexts. The study analyzed 42 articles published from 2017 to 2023 in journals in the field of social sciences in the Scopus and ERIC databases. The findings show how non-intervention quantitative approaches are predominant in LLS research, occasionally accompanied by qualitative data collection methods. Accordingly, most research has favored descriptive and correlational designs, identifying the relationships between the use of strategies and variables such as language proficiency, demographic aspects, motivation, and self-regulation. Grounded on the revision of existing evidence, this article advises future strategy-based research to focus on primary and secondary levels of education, strategy instruction, cultural aspects, and qualitative research designs.
This study aimed to i) analyse learning problems in science at boarding schools for junior high school students and ii) determine the effectiveness of science learning in the context of Islamic teachings using the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, -religion (STEM-R) approach to improve reflective and critical thinking skills. The research method applied in this study was a sequential exploratory mixed method. The research design consisted of five stages: i) qualitative data gathering, ii) qualitative data analysis, iii) quantitative data gathering, iv) quantitative data analysis, and v) data interpretation. The subjects of this study were 192 students from boarding schools and were divided into 6 groups. The research results obtained were the school, parents, science teachers and religion teachers’ vision and mission causing students to like or dislike science. An excellent teacher is viewed by students as someone who can make learning enjoyable, exhibit creativity in presenting educational material, possess the ability to motivate, link science and religion, engage in investigative activities, infuse humour, establish connections between science and everyday life, and communicate concepts effectively. Moreover, distinctions in reflective thinking and critical thinking abilities were observed between the experimental group and the control group. Learning that connects science and Islamic religion and examines STEM-R aspects is able to develop students' thinking skills.
This study aims to reveal the profile of open-start problem-solving with ethnomathematics regarding student learning styles. This research is a qualitative research study on 3 out of 31 students of Junior High School of 3 Magetan taken by purposive sampling. The three students carried out four stages: understanding the problem, planning problem-solving strategies, implementing problem-solving strategies, and reviewing again. The results of the research show that students with a visual learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked and drawing illustrations, planning problem-solving strategies by making examples, carrying out solving strategies by working on the calculation process; students with an auditory learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked, planning strategies by making problems and formulating formulas used, implementing solutions by doing calculations and reviewing; students with a kinesthetic learning style solve problems by understanding issues through writing known and being asked, making examples and writing the formulas used, carrying out solving strategies by applying the calculation process and reviewing the results obtained. However, of the three styles, the results of the accepted work were not correct because they did not write down the conclusions and were not thorough enough.
The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's α. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.
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Exploring the Determinants of Intrinsic Interest among Undergraduate Accounting Students (Sofik Handoyo)
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to understand intrinsic interest among students due to its pivotal role in determining the key success of
students in pursuing study at the higher education institutions. Intrinsic interest is not only contributing to
student’s passion to learn something but also plays an important role that determines the student’s learning
quality [2], [3].
Curriculum in accounting study program is normally dominated by quantitative subjects. Senior
high school students who are applying to accounting study program are expected to have a good quantitative
capability. In other words, to be successful in pursuing study in accounting study program, the students must
be strong in mathematics. Normally, the students who are not passionate in mathematics avoid the study
program that is dominated by quantitative subjects. This phenomenon leads to curiosity to understand among
accounting students about their decision to choose accounting study program. Understanding determinants of
intrinsic interest among accounting undergraduate student give information about the background of the
students toward their decision of choosing accounting study program as majoring.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), a social psychology theory, describes that behavioral intention
of the individual is influenced by factors namely intrinsic interest, extrinsic interest, parental influence,
anticipated conflict, and self-efficacy [4]. This study is trying to associate intrinsic interest with the rest of
factors based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in a situation of choosing majoring among student of
undergraduate accounting study program. By exploring motives of choosing accounting study program and
its association with intrinsic interest, we can predict perceives of the students toward accounting study
program based on its determinants. Since intrinsic interest is positively perceived toward accounting study
program, this study is relevant to predict possibilities of the student succeed in the future based on their
motives of choosing accounting study program. Furthermore, the results of the study give useful information
for teachers who are giving counseling to their students in terms of choosing a field of the study at higher
education institutions.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a theory that explains the behavioral intention of the
individual in making a decision. TPB is developed by Icek Ajzen and very popular among social psychology
scholars. TPB describes that there are three main factors that determine intention: attitudes, subjective norms,
and perceived behavioral control. An attitude in TPB is genuine individual’s opinion about something that
plays as a basis for decision making. Meanwhile, the subjective norm is motivation to make a certain
decision because of social pressure arising from surrounding environment. Perceived behavioral control is
beliefs of an individual that he or she is able to complete or finish something. An attitude itself is driven by
two factors, behavioral beliefs, and evaluation of behavioral outcomes. Meanwhile, the subjective norm is
driven by normative beliefs and motivation to comply.
The attitude in TPB is behavioral beliefs and behavioral outcome. Behavioral belief is perceiving
positive or negative coming from an individual that influences intention. Meanwhile, evaluation of
behavioral outcomes is individual intention merely based on a calculation of the outcome achieved if the
intention is conducted. Behavioral beliefs in TPB is a factor that influences individual intention based on
individual consideration. Behavioral beliefs in the context of the decision of choosing majoring is a
perception about likeness or interesting towards the subjects that will be learned. Mean while, the behavioral
outcome is based on the positive expectation that will be achieved in the future, such as job opportunity,
financial rewards, and career path. Behavioral belief and evaluation of behavioral outcome in other literature
are frequently called as intrinsic interest and external interest respectively [5].
Subjective norm is the second factor that is believed influencing behavioral intention of an
individual based on TPB. The subjective norm in TPB is individual intention to do or not to do something
due to consideration from other people and avoiding conflict with them. Other people in TRA refers to
people who are very close to the individual who makes the intention. Those people are family (parent,
brother, and sister, and other members of the family) and people who are considered as an important person
such as peer. Choosing a majoring field of study based on advice, parents’ wish or influence of close friends
are common among high school students. Subjective norm is clearly the factor that influences behavioral
intention of the individual that is not from internal consideration but from external consideration. It refers to
the decision to do something by following parent expectation or just following someone trusted.
Perceived behavioral control is individual’s motivation to do something based on the consideration
that the individual believes can do (control beliefs) and has the capability to perform (perceive power).
Perceived behavioral control is determined by the total set of accessible control beliefs, i.e., beliefs about the
presence of factors that may facilitate or impede the performance of the behavior. Perceived behavioral
control in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is identical with the concept self-efficacy proposed by
Bandura. The concept of self-efficacy refers to individual perception about easy and difficult as consideration
in making a decision.
TPB in social psychology study is believed as a theory that is valuable to explain various behavioral
of the individual [6]. By many scholars, TPB is mostly used as a foundation for testing individual intention
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EduLearn Vol. 12, No. 3, August 2018 : 538 – 547
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such as choosing a professional carrier, ethical behavior, and consumer behavior [7]. The TPB assumes that
human behavior is based on rational consideration. It is believed that student’s intention in choosing a field of
study can be explained using motivation based on attitude toward behavior, subjective norm and perceived
behavioral control. Understanding intercorrelation among factors in TPB is interesting to get a clear picture
associated with the decision of student in selecting accounting field of study as majoring in the study. In this
research, five factors mentioned in TPB analyzed with intrinsic interest as the central
object of investigation.
Based on TPB, behavioral belief or intrinsic interest is a factor that influences behavioral intention
of an individual based on consideration of perceived positive of the individual. Feeling happy and satisfied in
pursuing something is an indication of intrinsic interest. Motivation to do something based on intrinsic
interest consideration is believed can increase creativity, job satisfaction, and job performance. Intrinsic
interest in the context of selecting accounting field of study as majoring is reflected in the behaviors, such as
student’s interest, likeness or curiosity toward accounting subjects of accounting study program. It is believed
that intrinsic interest is fundamentally associated with student’s decision to select accounting field of study as
majoring. Accounting study program is dominated by subjects with quantitative approach. Therefore, without
any intrinsic interest, it is least possibility that the student choose accounting study program as majoring.
Argumentation that intrinsic interest is fundamental in terms of the decision to choose majoring is
supported by many types of research. Research finding reveals that intrinsic interest plays an important role
that influences the decision of among accounting students to choose accounting profession as after graduated
[8-10]. Adams, et. al who conducted a research about undergraduate students in terms of choosing their
majoring found that intrinsic interest in accounting subject is a major factor that influences their decision
Related to the process of learning, the students who choose accounting study program based on high intrinsic
interest shows the high quality of learning
The capability of finding the solution of the complex problem and memorizing knowledge longer is
determined by the student’s intrinsic interest level. In terms of the motivation of choosing a field of study in
higher education, intrinsic interest has been found as a fundamental factor that influences students’ decision
to choose study program in accounting [11]. Similarly, in terms of career choices among accounting students,
intrinsic interest has also been determined as a significant predictor [12].
2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. Analysis
This research applies bivariate correlation analysis to examine whether the proposed hypotheses are
accepted or rejected. Correlation analysis is the process of studying the strength of that relationship with
available statistical data. Proposed hypotheses are two independent variables; therefore, bivariate correlation
analysis is suitable analysis method. Coefficient correlation of Pearson Product Moment is applied in this
research. The proposed hypothesis is accepted if the direction of correlation in the hypothesis is in line with
the direction of correlation based on statistic calculation. SPSS software version 23 is used in this research to
assist data analysis.
2.2. Measurement, Validity, and Reliability
Variables latent intrinsic interest, external interest, self-efficacy, parent and peer influence and
anticipated conflict are measured using 7 point Likert scales. The scale 1 represents “Strongly Disagree” and
the scale 7 represents “Strongly Agree”. To make sure that each item of questions is valid, validity test is
conducted. Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. Item of question is
valid if Correlation Product Moment(r) > (r) Table. Furthermore, reliability test is also conducted to identify
the consistency of the measurement. Reliability is the degree to which a test consistently measures whatever
it measures. The construct of measurement is reliable if the value Cronbach's alpha >0.7
2.3. Sampling Method and Data Collection
The purposive sampling method is applied in this research. The argumentation of using purposive
sampling is because the research wants to capture respondents who are newly registered as a student of
accounting undergraduate program. Therefore, purposive sampling is the sampling method that is considered
fit for the purpose of the study. The data are collected using questionnaire instrument and distributed directly
to the students of accounting undergraduate program. The instrument of the questionnaire is sorted based on
its completeness in answering the questionnaire. The questioners found incomplete is removed from the list
of data.
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Exploring the Determinants of Intrinsic Interest among Undergraduate Accounting Students (Sofik Handoyo)
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2.4. Hypotheses
TPB explains that individual attitude toward intention is affected by the evaluation of behavioral
outcomes. It refers to the calculation of the benefits achieved if a certain action is conducted. Extrinsic
interest in the context motivation to choose a field of study in higher education may refer to an expectation to
get an easy job after graduate, high salary income, and recognition of social status. Extrinsic interest may
explain the phenomenon of a number of applicants of accounting study program that is almost always in top
position in social studies. Demand for graduates of accounting study program in job markets shows stable
even increasing the number. Additionally, compensation for accounting profession is relatively higher
compared to other social program graduates. Those extrinsic interests may influence the decision among high
school students to select accounting field of study as majoring for their university education.
Studies conducted by Felton, et. al, and Ahmed, et. al reveal that extrinsic factors such as salary and
job opportunity are important factors that influence the decision about choosing a field of study. More
specifically, compared to non-accounting students, accounting students have been found to place more
importance on extrinsic interests [13, 14]. The reason for undergraduate accounting students choosing public
accountant instead of management accountant is related extrinsic interests such as job opportunities and
salary income [15]. A study by Mazni and Zamzulailai revealed that among Malaysian accounting students,
they choose public accountant as a career option because of consideration such opportunity of advancement,
office atmosphere, and expected future salary [16].
Income and salary are on big three positions as consideration among students who choose
accountant as a career [17]. Financial factor has explanatory power to explain the reason why the students
want to work as CPA [18]. Saemann and Crooker found that financial reward is the variable that plays an
important role among students who choose accounting study program as majoring [19]. Based on the
literature described above, the hypothesis is proposed as follows:
Hypothesis 1. Student’s extrinsic interest is positively and significantly associated with student’s intrinsic
interest in accounting subjects
Self-efficacy in TPB is a concept adopted from social cognitive theory introduced by Bandura. It
explains that desired goals attained through person’s belief in their capabilities that he/she can engage in
certain behaviors successfully [20]. The expected outcome can be produced successfully if the person has the
conviction to execute it. An individual who has self-efficacy has tendency actively in taking action or making
a decision. On the other hand, individual who has lack of self-efficacy has tendency acting as a passive
person and avoiding risks. Behavioral of the individual is therefore determined by its self-efficacy, high self-
efficacy increases confidence to take a risk and low self-efficacy tends to avoid risks. Self-efficacy has been
identified as the determinant that influences individual behaviors such as decision making, efforts to success,
perseverance, stress, and depression [21, 22].
There are two studies have examined the influences of self-efficacy on student’s decision to choose
accountant as a professional career. Hayes and Credle found that self-efficacy is positively associated with
students’ decision to join the accounting profession [23]. James and Hill revealed that the low self-efficacy
has been estimated as the possible cause that African-American accountants in the USA are decreasing [24].
Accounting study program is dominated by subjects that require capabilities in quantitative. Normally, study
program that contains a high portion of quantitative approach avoided by those who are not interested in it.
Only students who have self-efficacy or students who believe in their capabilities, choose accounting study
program as majoring. Based on explanation mentioned above, proposed hypothesis is formulated as follows:
Hypothesis 2. Student’s self-efficacy is positively and significantly associated with student’s intrinsic interest
in accounting subjects
Involvement of families and peer decision to choose majoring is common among high school
students. Normally, they do not have any clear picture about higher education and career. Therefore, any
information from external or another person will be valuable. In social psychology, intention and behavior of
an individual can be influenced by surrounding environments such as peers, family members, relatives, and
teachers. Those can act as social pressures to individual and plays role in individual’s behavior. Individual’s
behavior determined by the social pressure in TPB is called as subjective norms [25]. Pearson and Dellman-
Jenkins revealed that there is the influence of parent in terms of student’s decision in selecting college and
field of study [26]. Previously study by Silverstone and Williams found that around 26 percent of female
chartered accountants in England and Wales admits that there is parent’s contribution to their career choice
[27]. Case in the USA, parents are an important reference to student’s decision of choosing study program in
accounting [28]. Theory of Planned Behavior recognizes individual decision because of the influence of
surrounding environment as subjective norm construct. Significant referent groups that have been found to
influence accounting students’ career intentions include parents, peers, and teachers [29]. Case in Asia shows
that Asian students tend to have high consideration on their parent advice regarding their study in higher
education institutions. Even though the influence of parents and peers is common in deciding majoring,
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however, it created automatically perceived intrinsic interest toward the subjects among the students. If the
decision to choose majoring is influenced by another person, not sourcing from student’s self, the possibility
of negative perception toward the subject is high among the students. Therefore, proposed hypothesis is
formulated as follows:
Hypothesis 3. Parent and peer influence of the student is negatively and significantly associated with
intrinsic Interest in accounting subjects
Concept Anticipated conflict in TPB explains that behavior of the individual is determined by
consideration of avoiding friction with people surrounding. It refers to a respected person and usually
associated with parents and families. An individual who makes a decision based on anticipated conflict
consideration puts general consensus more important than individual consensus. Sacrifation own interest over
general interest is the fundamental of anticipated conflict in TPB. In the context of student’s decision of
choosing a field of study in higher education, the background of parent and families professional job could
play a significant role [30]. The students potentially avoid the field of study that is not their family
or parent concern.
Career development literature has suggested that students tend to alter their future careers due to the
anticipated conflict [31-34] including choosing a career with lower anticipated conflicts. Avoiding family
conflict has been identified as a determinant of the individual to choose accountant as a professional career
[35, 36] and has been associated with turnovers in accounting firms [37]. Career development literature
explains that university students tend to decide their future career profession due to avoiding conflict with
their family or taking the lowest risk of conflict. If the motive of choosing majoring is not based on personal
interest, rather than avoiding conflict with a respected person, the students have a high possibility of negative
perception towards accounting subjects. Therefore, we can propose a hypothesis as follows:
Hypothesis 4. Student’s anticipated conflict is positively and significantly associated with intrinsic interest in
accounting subjects
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1. Descriptive Statistic
The study is conducted at Universitas Padjadjaran for accounting undergraduate program. A total
number of sample is 136 students, consisting of 48 male students (35%) and 88 female students (65%). The
composition of the sample shows unbalanced between male and female. It is caused by the majority of
accounting undergraduate program dominated by the female gender. The details distribution sample based on
the gender is depicted in Table. 1
Table 1. Distribution of Sample by Gender
3 Male Female Total
Number 48 88 136
Percentage 35% 65% 100%
Sample distribution in terms of year of study is dominated by students who are in the second year of
study (46%) and third year of study (44%). Meanwhile, sample identified in fourth year and fifth year is only
9% and 1% respectively. The selection of the sample is suitable for the purpose of the study, which is
capturing accounting undergraduate students who are at the entry level. The study is about the understanding
motivation of accounting undergraduate student in selecting accounting study program as majoring in the
study, therefore, choosing entry-level student is fit with the purpose of the study. The detailed distribution of
sample based on the year of study is depicted in Table 2.
Table 2. Distribution of Sample by Year of Study
Year of study Second Year Third Year Fourth Year Fifth year Total
Number 62 60 12 1 136
Percentage 46% 44% 9% 1% 100%
3.2. Intrinsic Interest
There are three item questions to measure construct variable latent intrinsic interest. Test of validity
item questions indicates that all the item questions are reliable (r-Value > r-Table). Therefore, all of the item
questions represent measurement for variable latent intrinsic interest. In terms of reliability or consistency
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measurement, the statistic result shows that there is the consistency of measurement (Cronbach’s α >0.7).
The detail of validity and reliability test of intrinsic interest is depicted Table 3.
Table 3. Intrinsic Interest Validity and Reliability
Intrinsic Interest r-Value*
r-Table**
N=40
Mean Cronbach’s α
Accounting subjects are interesting 0.806 0.167 5.022 0.838
Likeness towards accounting subjects 0.815 0.167 4.904 0.838
Accounting subjects are challenging 0.652 0.167 5.845 0.838
*Pearson Correlation, **Product Moment, Sig.0.05, two-tailed
Analysis of item questions shows that the accounting students who are choosing accounting field of
study as majoring found their intrinsic interest heavily is because the subject of accounting is challenging
(Mean 5.845 of maximum 7.0). The students put a value moderately to accounting subject interesting (Mean
5.022 of maximum 7.0) and likeness toward accounting subject (Mean 4.904 of maximum 7.0). It means that
intrinsic interest among accounting students toward accounting subjects heavily that they feel challenged to
study accounting majoring rather than likeness toward the subject or attractive power of the subject itself. It
can be interpreted that probably most students who choose accounting field of study as majoring are
influenced by curiosity to study something they have never experienced before. It is supported by the facts
that the number of accounting students majority are not from social study but it is from science. Accounting
students who do not have experience in studying accounting in high school, because their program is science,
will choose accounting study program as majoring because they feel accounting subject is challenging
3.3. Extrinsic Interest
Measurement of extrinsic interest uses three item questions and all the questions show validity to
measure construct latent variable extrinsic interest (r-Value > r-Table). In terms of reliability or consistency
of measurement toward the construct, statistical test result shows that construct measurement is reliable
(Cronbach’s α >0.7). The detail of validity and reliability test of extrinsic interest is depicted Table 4.
Table 4. Extrinsic Interest-Validity and Reliability
Extrinsic Interest r-Value*
r-Table**
N=40
Mean Cronbach’s α
Graduate from accounting study is given big opportunity in the job market 0.886 0.167 5.948 0.903
The accounting profession is promising in terms of financial reward 0.928 0.167 5.602 0.903
Accounting profession provides clear career path 0.935 0.167 5.794 0.903
*Pearson Correlation, **Product Moment, Sig.0.05, two-tailed
Analysis of the content of the questions indicates that by studying accounting as majoring, they get
benefits from it in terms of opportunity to get a job in the job market (Mean 5.948 of maximum 7.00),
financial reward (Mean 5.602 of maximum 7.00) and career path (Mean 5.794 of maximum 7.00). It implies
that students of accounting program are motivated to study accounting due to the high expectation of an
outcome that they get after graduating from the program. They have a motivation to study accounting to
secure their future in terms of finding job, income, and career path. This finding may be explanation towards
phenomena of favoritism of accounting study program among applicants who want to apply at the University
for social science. Positive expectation among applicants after completing the accounting study program
leads them to apply for accounting as majoring
3.4. Self Efficacy
There are seven item questions to measure construct variable latent self-efficacy. Test of validity
item questions indicates that all of the item questions are reliable ( r-Value > r-Table). Therefore, all of the
item questions represent measurement for variable latent self-efficacy. In terms of reliability or consistency
measurement, the statistic results show that there is the internal consistency of measurement (Cronbach’s α
>0.7). The detail of validity and reliability test of intrinsic interest is depicted in Table 5.
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Table 5. Self-Efficacy-Validity, and Reliability
Self-Efficacy r-Value*
r-Table**
N=40
Mean Cronbach’ α
Capability to handle the problem in the unexpected situation 0.817 0.167 5.227 0.889
Capability to find solution of the problem 0.873 0.167 5.110 0.889
Capability to find solution from own initiatives 0.811 0.167 5.125 0.889
Capability to stay calm in facing a problem 0.576 0.167 4.647 0.889
Self-confidence to achieve stated goals 0.714 0.167 5.492 0.889
The belief that anything can be achieved with hard work 0.843 0.167 5.757 0.889
Never give up and try hard work in facing any obstacles 0.830 0.167 5.588 0.889
*Pearson Correlation, **Product Moment, Sig.0.05, two-tailed
Analysis from the questionnaire shows that the respondents as accounting undergraduate program
have high value in self-efficacy. It implies that students who choose accounting field of study as majoring
have personal characteristic self-confident and beliefs that they have the capability to complete the study.
Accounting study program is dominated by the subjects with quantitative approach. Those who do not have
sufficient quantitative capabilities face constraints to complete the study with good academic achievement.
Based on items questions depicted in Table 5, the respondents indicate having a high value of self-efficacy
with a mean above 5.00 of maximum 7.00, except question for the capability to stay calm in facing a
problem. It can be concluded that accounting undergraduate students are characterized as individuals who
have a high value of self-efficacy or self-confidence to face any challenge and problem with hard work.
3.5. Parental and Peer Influence
Measurement of parental and peer Influence uses three item questions and all the questions show
validity to measure construct latent variable (r-Value > r-Table). In terms of reliability or internal consistency
of measurement toward the construct, statistical test result shows that construct measurement is reliable
(Cronbach’s α >0.7). The detail of validity and reliability test of parental and peer Influence is
depicted Table 6.
Table 6. Parental and Peer Influence Validity and Reliability
Parental and Peer Influence r-Value*
r-Table**
N=40
Mean Cronbach’s α
Choosing accounting program due to parents’ want 0.812 0.167 3.022 0.799
Choosing accounting program due to parents’ advice 0.853 0.167 3.639 0.799
Choosing accounting program due to influence of peer 0.478 0.167 2.772 0.799
*Pearson Correlation, **Product Moment, Sig.0.05, two-tailed
The findings from the questionnaire instrument show that majority of accounting undergraduate
choosing accounting field of study as majoring is due to low influence from another person (family and peer).
Even though parent’s advice factor indicates quite moderate influence (Mean 3.639 of maximum 7.00), in
general, influence from peer and family is low. It is consistent with the finding in intrinsic interest and self-
efficacy that majority of undergraduate accounting choosing their majoring based on factor from own student
consideration. Interest in accounting subject and expectation of an outcome that they are mostly influenced
by student’s own perception. Meanwhile, self-efficacy indicates that accounting students are individuals who
are independent and self-confidence. They are not influenced by families or peer to decide their majoring but
merely decision based on rational thinking and manifestation of individuals who have character high self-
efficacy
3.6. Anticipated Conflict
There are three item questions to measure construct variable latent anticipated conflict. Test of
validity item questions indicates that all of the item questions are reliable (r-Value > r-Table). Therefore, all
of the item questions represent measurement for variable latent anticipated conflict. In terms of reliability or
consistency measurement, the statistic results show that there is the internal consistency of measurement
(Cronbach’s α >0.7). The detail of validity and reliability test of anticipated conflict is depicted in Table 7.
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Table 7. Anticipated Conflict – Reliability and Validity Test
Anticipated Conflict r-Value*
r-Table**
N=40
Mean Cronbach’s α
Choosing accounting majoring due to avoiding conflict with families 0.884 0.167 2.169 0.881
Choosing accounting majoring to make the family happy 0.944 0.167 2.720 0.881
Feeling uncomfortable having career or profession not matching with
family’ expectation
0.867 0.167 2.602 0.881
*Pearson Correlation, **Product Moment, Sig.0.05, two-tailed
Analysis from a questionnaire of anticipated conflict is in line with the finding of influence from
parents and peer. Means of each item questions are below 3 of maximum 7. It implies that majority of
accounting undergraduate students choosing majoring is due to little involvement of perceived avoiding
conflict with their family. The students put more orientation toward themselves rather than thinking about
avoiding confrontation with their family if their decision to choose majoring is not in line with family’s
expectation. This finding is consistent with findings as previously mentioned about self-intrinsic interest,
external interest, self-efficacy and parental and peer influence.
3.7. Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis testing is analyzed using correlation statistic procedure. Correlation analysis is
conducted with bivariate correlation method with Pearson correlation coefficient and two-tailed test of
significance. The result of the correlation among independent variables is presented in Table 8. Based on the
correlation matrix depicted in Table 8, we can interpret the proposed hypothesis as summarized in Table 9.
Table 8. Pearson Correlation Matrix
Intrinsic Interest Extrinsic Interest
Self-
efficacy
Parental influence
and Peer
Anticipated
Conflict
Intrinsic Interest 1
Extrinsic Interest 0.379** 1
Self-efficacy 0.443** 0.485** 1
Parental influence and Peer -0.161 0.114 0.107 1
Anticipated Conflict -0.311** 0.006 0.006 0.690** 1
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)
Table 9. Summary Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis r-Value Conclusion
H1. Student’s extrinsic interest is positively and significantly associated with student’s intrinsic interest in
accounting subject.
0.379** Accepted
H2. Student’s self-efficacy is positively and significantly associated with student’s intrinsic interest in
accounting subject.
0.443** Accepted
H3. Parental and peer influence is negatively and significantly associated with student’s intrinsic interest in
accounting subject.
-0.161 Rejected
H4. Anticipated conflict is negatively and significantly associated with student’s intrinsic interest in
accounting subject
-0.311** Accepted
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)
The summary of hypothesis testing shows that only hypothesis three is not accepted. The rejection is
because the magnitude of significance is not as predicted. It means that there is slightly influence from parent
and peer that plays a role in terms of determining majoring among students of accounting undergraduate
program. However, in terms of the direction of prediction, the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, we can
conclude that extrinsic interest and self-efficacy among undergraduate accounting students are positively
significant associated with the intrinsic interest of the students in accounting subject. On the other hand, the
decision to choose accounting majoring due to influence from parent and peer and anticipated conflict is
negatively associated with interest intrinsic. It means that the students of accounting program find that
accounting subjects are not interesting and not challenging if their decision to choose accounting majoring
due to aspects influence from parent and peer and effort to avoid conflict with families
4. CONCLUSION
First, intrinsic interest among accounting students towards accounting subject is closely associated
with extrinsic interest. Positive expectation toward an outcome that will be obtained in the future after they
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graduate from accounting study program leads to perceiving interested, likeness and challenge to study
accounting subjects. Students behave positively toward the process of education (feeling interesting, likeness
and challenging) because they know that it will benefit them if they are conducted properly. Even though
there is a positive and significant association between intrinsic interest and extrinsic interest, there is still lack
of understanding whether those factors are causal. Therefore, in the future, there is a need to study the further
causal relationship between intrinsic interest and extrinsic interest.
Second, student’s self-efficacy of the accounting student is positively and significantly associated
with student’s intrinsic interest. The finding has two implication of interesting information. The first one, the
finding is kind of revealing personal characteristic among undergraduate accounting students. The result
indicates that most undergraduate accounting students have a high value of self-efficacy. The high value of
self-efficacy means that individual is characterized as a person who has the confidence in their capabilities in
doing something or facing a problem. Second, one, the finding reveals that decision of choosing majoring is
associated with the personal character of the individual. An individual who chooses accounting study
program as majoring categorizes it as difficult and challenging, and most of them have a high value
of self-efficacy.
Third, the influence of parents and peer is negatively associated with intrinsic interest. The finding
indicates that if the decision to choose majoring of study based on other person influence, it cost perceived
interest toward the subjects. Because intrinsic interest is fundamental in the learning process, therefore, the
students should not always follow parents or peer advice. The parents must give a freedom to their children
in terms of selecting a field of study in a higher education institution. The absence of student’s intrinsic
interest has the possibility to demotivation in the study process, even risk of dropping out
from the university.
Fourth, anticipated conflict is negatively and significantly associated with student’s self-interest. It
implies that for students who select their field of study due to avoiding conflict with their parents and family,
the possibility of having a risk in the learning process is high. Risks such as demotivation of the study, poor
academic achievement and the worst, dropping out are potentially occurring. Therefore, in terms of choosing
majoring, the students should not sacrifice their own interest in order to make parents or families happy but
just follow their interest.
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