Osteoporosis has both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Nonmodifiable factors include age, gender, ethnicity and family history. Modifiable factors include diet low in calcium and vitamin D, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, lack of weight-bearing exercise and certain medical conditions. A nurse can support a patient with osteoporosis by educating them on risk factors, recommending lifestyle changes to address modifiable factors, ensuring calcium/vitamin D intake, and connecting them to physical therapy or medications to help manage the condition and restore optimal bone health.