Expanded Definitions #2 16 questions at 5 points each=80 Pts. Chapter 8: Water Resources and Water Pollution Key Questions Question 1 8-1,2,3 Will we have enough usable water? How can we increase water supplies? And how can we use water more sustainably? CONCEPT 8-1A We are using available freshwater unsustainably by wasting it, polluting it, and charging too little for this irreplaceable natural resource. CONCEPT 8-1B Freshwater supplies are not even distributed, and one of every six people does not have sufficient access to clean water CONCEPT 8-2 Bypumping groundwater, building dams, transferring water, and desalination can all increase water supplies, but these strategies all create environmental problems. CONCEPT 8-3 We can use water more sustainability if we cut water waste, raise water prices, slow population growth, and protect aquifers, forests, and other ecosystems that store and release water. What is Ground water and briefly describe measures that can be taken to conserve water in the Mojave, via reduce water losses through irrigation, industry, and home use; What is one significant change you can make to conserve water? What is the Adjudication; what is the role of the Mojave Water Agency. What would be the impact of increasing the cost of water on water use? Read only- Case Study-Water conflicts in the Middle East; The Aral Sea disaster, Flooding in Bangladesh, Question 2 8-4 How can we reduce the threat of flooding? Natural flooding by streams produces rich floodplains and recharges groundwater supplies. Increased human activities in active floodplains have contributed to the significant damage and destruction that result from floods. Concept 8-4 We can improve flood control by building flood control dams, and protecting wetlands and natural vegetation in watersheds and by not building in areas subject to frequent flooding. Describe ways to mitigate flood risks on the Mojave River ? What inherent risks are present in those approaches to flood control? Discuss the effect of building dams on the Colorado River watershed Question 3 8-5,6,9What are the causes and effects of water pollution? What are the major water pollution problems in streams, lakes, groundwater ? How can we best deal with water pollution? CONCEPT 8-5 Water pollution, which is caused mostly by agricultural activities, industrial facilities, and mining, and worsened by growth in population and resource use, causes illness and death in humans and other species and disrupts ecosystems. 8-6 What are the major water pollution problems in streams and lakes? The ability of streams and lakes to naturally recover from pollution depends primarily on flow rate and the type of pollutant. CONCEPT 8-6 Addition of pollutants and excessive nutrients to streams and lakes can disrupt these ecosystems and prevention of such pollution is more effective and less costly than cleaning it up. .CONCEPT 8-7 Chemicals used in agriculture, industry, transportation, and homes ...

1. Expanded Definitions #2
16 questions at 5 points each=80 Pts.
Chapter 8: Water Resources and Water Pollution
Key Questions
Question 1
8-1,2,3 Will we have enough usable water? How can we
increase water supplies? And how can we use water more
sustainably?
CONCEPT 8-1A We are using available freshwater
unsustainably by wasting it, polluting it, and charging too little
for this irreplaceable natural resource.
CONCEPT 8-1B Freshwater supplies are not even distributed,
and one of every six people does not have sufficient access to
clean water
CONCEPT 8-2 Bypumping groundwater, building dams,
transferring water, and desalination can all increase water
supplies, but these strategies all create environmental problems.
CONCEPT 8-3 We can use water more sustainability if we cut
water waste, raise water prices, slow population growth, and
protect aquifers, forests, and other ecosystems that store and
release water.
What is Ground water and briefly describe measures that can be
taken to conserve water in the Mojave, via reduce water losses
through irrigation, industry, and home use; What is one
significant change you can make to conserve water? What is
the Adjudication; what is the role of the Mojave Water Agency.
What would be the impact of increasing the cost of water on
water use?
Read only- Case Study-Water conflicts in the Middle East; The
Aral Sea disaster, Flooding in Bangladesh,

2. Question 2
8-4 How can we reduce the threat of flooding?
Natural flooding by streams produces rich floodplains and
recharges groundwater supplies. Increased human activities in
active floodplains have contributed to the significant damage
and destruction that result from floods. Concept 8-4 We can
improve flood control by building flood control dams, and
protecting wetlands and natural vegetation in watersheds and by
not building in areas subject to frequent flooding.
Describe ways to mitigate flood risks on the Mojave River ?
What inherent risks are present in those approaches to flood
control?
Discuss the effect of building dams on the Colorado River
watershed
Question 3
8-5,6,9What are the causes and effects of water pollution?
What are the major water pollution problems in streams, lakes,
groundwater ? How can we best deal with water pollution?
CONCEPT 8-5 Water pollution, which is caused mostly by
agricultural activities, industrial facilities, and mining, and
worsened by growth in population and resource use, causes
illness and death in humans and other species and disrupts
ecosystems.
8-6 What are the major water pollution problems in streams and
lakes?
The ability of streams and lakes to naturally recover from
pollution depends primarily on flow rate and the type of
pollutant.
CONCEPT 8-6 Addition of pollutants and excessive nutrients to
streams and lakes can disrupt these ecosystems and prevention
of such pollution is more effective and less costly than cleaning
it up.
.CONCEPT 8-7 Chemicals used in agriculture, industry,
transportation, and homes can spill and leak into groundwater
and make it undrinkable; polluted water can be purified, but

3. protecting it through pollution prevention is the least expensive
and most effective strategy.
CONCEPT 8-9 Reducing water pollution requires preventing it,
working with nature in treating sewage, cutting resource use
and waste, reducing poverty, and slowing population growth.- to
be taught at VVWRA
Summarize the Chromium 6/Erin Brockowitch story;
Describe the Nitrates pollution in the Barstow area and what is
being done to mitigate these issues.
Where does arsenic pollution in Ground Water originate and
what is the local situation.
Describe the treatment of Sewerage and the Sustainable
practices at VVWRA
Chapter 9Nonrenewable Energy Sources
Key Questions
Question 1
9-1 What is net energy, and why is it important?
CONCEPT 9-1 Energy resources vary greatly in their net
energy yields- the amount of high-quality usable energy
available from a resource after the amount of energy needed to
make it available is subtracted.
Describe how renewable energy resources are able to compete
in the US./California market because of financial and political
support from the government. Describe why “wind’ energy has a
higher net energy than Solar cells.
Question 2
9-2,3,4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of oil, of
natural gas, and coal?
CONCEPT 9-2A Conventional oil is currently abundant, has a
high net energy yield, and is relatively inexpensive, but using it
causes air and water pollution and releases greenhouse gases
into the atmosphere.
CONCEPT 9-2B Heavy oils from oil sand and oil shale exist in

4. potentially large supplies but have low net energy yields and
higher environmental impacts than conventional oil has.
CONCEPT 9-3 Conventional natural gas is more plentiful than
oil, has a high net energy yield and a fairly low cost, and has
the lowest environmental impact of all fossil fuels.
CONCEPT 9-4 Conventional coal is plentiful and has high net
energy yield and low cost, but it has a very high environmental
impact: synthetic fuels produced from coal have lower net
energy yields and higher environmental impacts than
conventional coal has.
Describe the issues associated with Fracking and coal mining.
Describe how our local Limestone mines are/are not sustainable.
Question 3
9-5 What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear
energy?
To evaluate nuclear energy, we must consider safety, economic
feasibility, and environmental feasibility of the entire nuclear
fuel cycle, from mining fuel to dealing with the waste.
CONCEPT 9-5 Nuclear power has a low environmental impact
and a low accident risk, but high costs, radioactive wastes,
vulnerability to sabotage, and the potential for spreading
nuclear weapons technology have limited its use.
What are important considerations in predicting the future of
nuclear power
How do we dispose of nuclear waste
Chapter 10Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Key Questions
Questions 1
10-1Why is energy efficiency an important energy source?
CONCEPT 10-1 We could save up to 40% of all the energy we
use by encouraging energy efficiency through higher
government efficiency standards, economic incentives, and

5. education about the benefits of energy efficiency.
Describe Cogeneration technology and its use locally; The
advantages and disadvantages of a Smart Grid; The use of
“alternative” Fuel vehicles.
What is Green Building/Architecture
Questions 2
10-2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of solar
energy, wind energy and biomass?
CONCEPT 10-2 Passive and active solar heating systems heat
water and buildings effectively, and solar cells generate
electricity, but solar energy technologies are most effective and
have the lowest environmental impact when used on a small
scale for local applications.
CONCEPT 10-4 When environmental costs of energy resources
are included in market prices, wind energy is the least
expensive and least polluting way to produce electricity.
CONCEPT 10-5A Solid biomass is a renewable resource, but
burning it faster than it is replenished produces a net gain in
atmospheric greenhouse gases, and creating biomass plantations
can degrade soils and biodiversity. CONCEPT 10-5B Liquid
fuels derived from biomass could largely replace those made
from fossil fuels, but creating plantations for that purpose could
degrade soil and biodiversity, and increase food prices.
What are the arguments for and against installing “industrial
Scale” solar and wind farms in the Mojave?
What are the positive and negative impacts of corn-derived
ethanol in the USA ?
Questions 3
10-8 How can we make a transition to a more sustainable energy
future?

6. CONCEPT 10-8 We can make a transition to a more sustainable
energy future by greatly improving energy efficiency, using a
mix of renewable energy resources, and including
environmental costs in the market prices of all energy
resources.
List the seven key questions that must be asked about each
energy alternative to evaluate energy resources.
Analyze the interactions of economic policy and energy
resources. In particular, consider the results of using free-
market competition, keeping energy prices low, and keeping
energy prices high.
93
94
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Chapter
11Environmental Hazards and Human Health
Key Questions
Question 1
11-1, 2 What major health hazards do we face? What types of
biological hazards do we face?
CONCEPT 11-1 People face health hazards from biological,
chemical, physical, and cultural factors and from the lifestyle
choices they make.
CONCEPT 11-2 In terms of death rates, the most serious
infectious diseases are flu, AIDS, diarrheal diseases,
tuberculosis, and malaria; most of these deaths occur in

7. developing countries.
Define risk, probability, and risk assessment. List five general
types of common hazards and give two examples of each.
Transmissible diseases can be spread from one person to
another. List two factors that contribute to the spread of
infectious diseases.
The global HIV/AIDS pandemic has caused significant death
around the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. List three
impacts of the AIDS epidemic on communities in Sub-Saharan
Africa.
List three approaches to preventing malaria.
Question 2
11-3. What types of chemical hazards do we face? How can we
evaluate and deal with chemical hazards? And risk management
CONCEPT 11-3 There is growing concern about chemicals that
can cause birth defects and cancers and disrupt the human
immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.
CONCEPT 11-4A Scientists use live laboratory animals, non-
animal tests, case reports of poisonings, and epidemiological
studies to estimate the toxicity of chemicals, but these methods
have limitations. CONCEPT 11-4B Many health scientists call
for much greater emphasis on pollution prevention to reduce our
exposure to potentially harmful chemicals.
CONCEPT 11-5 We can reduce the major risks we face by
becoming informed, thinking critically about risks, and making
careful choices.
Define mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen. Summarize current
research implying chemical effects on the immune, nervous, and
endocrine systems.
Define a dose-response curve. Distinguish between a linear
dose-response model and a threshold dose-response model.
Describe the difficulty in deciding which model applies best
when low doses are involved. Assess the limits of toxicological
research.

8. Summarize key questions to be answered in risk-benefit
analysis,
Chapter 12Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone Depletion
Key Questions
Question 1
12-2,3,5 What are the major outdoor air pollution problems?
What is acid deposition and why is it a problem? How should
we deal with air pollution?
CONCEPT 12-2 Pollutants mix in the air to form industrial
smog, resulting mostly from burning coal, and photochemical
smog, caused by motor vehicle, industrial, and power plant
emissions.
CONCEPT 12-3 Acid deposition is caused mainly by coal-
burning power plant and motor vehicle emissions; in some
regions, it threatens human health, aquatic life and ecosystems,
forests, and human-built structures.
CONCEPT 12-5 Legal, economic, and technological tools can
help to clean up air pollution, but much greater emphasis should
be focused on preventing air pollution.
Describe a thermal inversion Define acid deposition. Briefly
describe how acid deposition can affect buildings, vegetation,
soil, aquatic organisms, and humans.
Briefly describe the EPA’s outdoor air pollution control
strategies. Describe in detail the 1990 strategy
to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. Describe the mandate and
work of the of the Mojave Desert
Air Quality Management District. List five policies that would
strengthen the Clean Air Act.
Question 2
12-6 How might the earth’s temperature and climate change in
the future and with what effects? What can we do to slow

9. climate change?
CONCEPT 12-6B The projected rapid change in the
atmosphere’s temperature could have severe and long-lasting
consequences, including increased drought and floods, shifts in
locations of agriculture and wildlife habitats, and rising sea
levels.
.CONCEPT 12-7 We can slow the rate of global warming and
climate change by sharply reducing greenhouse gas emissions,
increasing energy efficiency, relying more on renewable energy
resources, and slowing population growth.
Summarize scientific consensus about future global warming.
List 10 uncertainties of global
climate models.
Summarize the projections of possible effects of global warming
on food production, water
supplies, forests, biodiversity, sea levels, weather, and human
health.
Name and briefly describe two basic approaches to potential
global warming. Describe three ways
to slow global warming. List three ways to adapt to global
warming.
Question 3
12-8 How have we depleted ozone in the stratosphere and what
can we do about it?
There is clear danger from the threat of ozone depletion. To
reduce ozone depletion we must stop producing all ozone-
depleting chemicals. CONCEPT 12-8A Widespread use of
certain chemicalshas reduced ozone levels in the stratosphere,
which hasallowed more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach
theearth’s surface. CONCEPT 12-8B To reverse ozone
depletion, we muststop producing ozone-depleting chemicals,
and adhere tothe international treaties that ban such chemicals.
Summarize and assess the controversy over formation of the
ozone hole.
Describe the tactics that led to a reduction in this problem

10. Explain the causes and potential effects
of stratospheric ozone changes. Propose three ways for slowing
these changes.
Chapter 13Urbanization and Solid and Hazardous
WasteSummary and Objectives
Question 1
13-1,2,3 What are the major population trends and problems in
urban areas? How does transportation affect urban
environmental impacts? How can cities become more
sustainable and livable?
CONCEPT 13-1 Urbanization continues to increasesteadily, and
most cities are unsustainable because of high levels of resource
use, waste, pollution, and poverty.
CONCEPT 13-2 A combination of plentiful land,inexpensive
fuel, and expanding networks of highwaysin some urban areas
has resulted in dispersed cities thatdepend on motor vehicles for
most transportation.
CONCEPT 13-3A Urban land-use planning can
reduceuncontrolled sprawl and slow the resulting degradation
ofair, water, land, biodiversity, and other natural resources.
CONCEPT 13-3B An ecocity allows people to choosewalking,
biking, or mass transit for most transportationneeds, recycle or
reuse most of their wastes, grow muchof their food, and protect
biodiversity by preservingsurrounding land.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization;
Weigh the trade-offs in reducing automobile use in favor of
alternative transportation methods.
Give an example of an ecocity and describe how they work.
Question 2
13-4, 5, 6, 7 What are solid waste and hazardous waste, and
why are they problems?How can we make the transition to a

11. more sustainable low-waste society?
CONCEPT 13-4 Solid waste represents pollution
andunnecessary waste of resources, and hazardous waste
contributes to pollution, natural capital degradation, health
problems, and premature deaths.
13-5 What should we do about solid waste?
CONCEPT 13-5A A sustainable approach to solid wasteis first
to reduce it, then to reuse or recycle it, and finally tosafely
dispose of what is left. Various recycling methods: closed-loop
recycling, secondary recycling, composting, solid waste
recycling, and source separation recycling are all effective in
reducing waste.
CONCEPT 13-5B Technologies for burning and buryingsolid
wastes are well developed, but burning contributes topollution
and greenhouse gas emissions, and buried wasteseventually
contribute to pollution and land degradation.
CONCEPT 13-6 A sustainable approach to hazardouswaste is
first to produce less of it, then to reuse or recycleit, then to
convert it to less hazardous materials, andfinally, to safely store
what is left.
.CONCEPT 13-7 Shifting to a low-waste society
requiresindividuals and businesses to reduce resource use andto
reuse and recycle wastes at local, national, and globallevels.
List seven ways to reduce waste and pollution. Describe the
most ecological approaches to dealing with refillable containers
and grocery bags.
Define sanitary landfill. Describe three problems associated
with landfills. Evaluate sanitary landfills as an approach to
dealing with solid waste.
Describe your personal committmnet to the thre R”S reduce,
recycling, reuse.
.

12. 1
2Title of PaperStudent NameCourse/Number
Due Date
Faculty Name
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Grading Criteria: Health Care Historical Trends and Marketing
Impact
HCS/440 Version 9

14. 1
Grading Criteria: Health Care Historical Trends and Marketing
Impact
Content
60 Percent
Points Available
Points Earned
Additional Comments:
· Examine the historical trends and impact of health care
spending.
3
· Examine what impact marketing has on health care spending.
3
· Provide a forecast of the future economic needs of the health
care system.
3
Sub Total:
9
Organization/Development
20 Percent
Points Available
Points Earned
Additional Comments:
· The paper is 1,050 to 1,750 words in length (not including the
title and reference pages).
2

15. · The introduction provides sufficient background on the topic
and previews major points.
.5
· The conclusion is logical, flows, and recaps the main points.
.5
Sub Total:
3
Mechanics
20 Percent
Points Available
Points Earned
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headings, accepted font styles, and white space. Format is
consistent with APA guidelines.
2
· Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a
reference page. Citations and references are formatted according
to APA guidelines.
.5
· Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed.
Spelling is correct. Academic tone is present.
.5
Sub Total:

16. 3
Total Available
Total Earned
15
Undergraduate: Course numbers 400-499 (e.g. MGT/448)
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Copyright © 2015 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Write a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper in which you explain your
position on national health care spending in the United States.
Include information on the following:
· Examine the historical trends and impact of health care
spending.
· How has the level of national health care spending changed
compared to the overall spending in the U.S. economy?
· Has the trend been overall positive or concerning for the
economy and consumers?
· Examine what impact marketing has on health care spending.
· What impact can the marketing efforts of a facility have on the
types of patients it attracts? What impact does it have on the
willingness of payers, such insurance companies and
Medicare/Medicaid, to cover the cost of the services?
· How do health care facilities spend on marketing efforts to
differentiate themselves from competition and to attract

18. patients?
· Provide a forecast of the following:
· The future economic needs of the health care system
· Why these needs should be addressed
· How you envision these needs will be financed
Format your paper according to APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.