Muhammed Fuad Rashid Petroleum Engineering Department at Koya University Mechanics of material Laboratory 2020

1. 1
Faculty of Engineering Petroleum
Engineering Department
Mechanics of material Laboratory, 2nd stage
Experiment Name: tensile test experiment
Prepared by: Muhammed Fuad Rashid
Ahmad Jalal Hassan
Muhammad Hassan Aziz
Safwan Tofiq Ameen
Group: A
Supervised by: Dr.Diyar
Date of Submit: 22/10/2019

2. 2
Contents
Aim of the experiment1.1................................................................................................................3
Introduction1.2................................................................................................................................4
Methodology 2.1 .............................................................................................................................6
Sample preparation2.2 ....................................................................................................................7
Test machine 2.3..............................................................................................................................8
Test proceeding 2.4 .........................................................................................................................9
Result and discussion 3.0 ...............................................................................................................10
Results obtained from the graph(data) 3.1.....................................................................................14
Conclusion 4.0 ...............................................................................................................................15
Reference5.0 .................................................................................................................................16

3. 3
Aim of the experiment1.1
The aim of this test of this experiment is to understand the
uniaxial tensile testing and provide knowledge of the application
of the tensile test machine.

4. 4
Introduction1.2
Tensile testing is one of the simplest and most widely used
mechanical tests. By measuring the force required to elongate a
specimen to breaking point, material properties can be
determined that will allow designers and quality managers to
predict how materials and products will behave in application.

5. 5
Figure 1 shows an image of instron test machine

6. 6
Methodology 2.1
The Tensile Test Process Involves Material testing, using the tensile
or tension test method, involves applying an ever-increasing load to
a test sample up to the point of failure. The process creates a
stress/strain curve showing how the material reacts throughout the
tensile test.

7. 7
Sample preparation2.2
To perform a tension or compression test a specimen of the material
ism made into a “standard” shape and size. The important part of
the specimen is the gage section. The cross-sectional area of the
gage section is reduced relative to that of the remainder of the
specimen so that deformation and failure will be localized in
this region. It has a constant circular cross section with enlarged
ends, so that failure will not occur at the grips.
Before testing, two small punch marks are placed along the
specimen’s uniform length. Measurements are taken of both the
specimen’s initial cross-sectional area, and the gauge-length distance
between the punch marks. For example, our specimen was a cross
sectional cylinder in our experiment in the specimen’s composition
was( steel) ant its dimension’s was;
A length nearly initial of (341 mm) and a dimeter of gauge of (112
mm), The sample was already machined to the proper dimensions
required for the test, according to ASTM standards.

8. 8
Test machine 2.3
A machine is used in tensile test experiments to perform the
experiment and our lab tensile test have the specifications and its
description below;
Model No. 5982
System ID /SN 5982L33117
Configuration E1-F1-G1
capacity 100KN(2500Ib)
weight 784kg(1732Ib)
Date of manufacture March,21,2012
voltage 220 Volts
frequency 47-63 Hz
Maximum power 3500 VA
Circuit breaker 20Amp
Short circuit current

9. 9
Test proceeding 2.4
First after the specimen was prepared which its mentioned how
prepared in preparation of sample section, now the first should be
done The Blue Hill data acquisition software was started and The
load cell was zeroed to ensure that the software only measured the
tensile load applied to the specimen or we can delay this option till
the start of tensile test axial load procedure, after that The specimen
was loaded into the jaws of the Instron load frame so that it was
equally spaced between the two clamps and connected to the
machine ,this should be done accurately and not let slippage happen
between the jaws so as to obtain the right values and properties of
the sample, also prevent damage to the machine.
After the sample was connected to the machine the blue hill software
was set to the right options for the specimen’s property and proceeding
the software to prepare for the test (we don’t talk about how the
software is set, takes too to explain) but there’s some need to be
mentioned for example, the strain ratio (defined at definition section)
Strain ratio=10mm/minute
And its very important to set the strain ration in a small ratio to
ensure the accurate results.

10. 10
Then, the test was started, and the specimen was load P Applied ,
resulting in a measureable strain, after that the load was applied we
waited nearly for 10 minutes and till the sample was fractured and got
to rapture ,what we observed meanwhile was the sample was got to a
neacking part (defined in definition section) which its dimeter was
reduced because in increasing at length and to elongate, a few seconds
the specimen was fractured in circular shape, that was the end of the
producer .
Result and discussion 3.0
After the test was produced ,the data was gathered and obtained the
right values on a graph(software’s proceeding) ,from the graph we
can determine lot of the specimens properties which is the aim of our
experiment
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Load N
Loa…

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according to the Fig.1 which obtained from the test ,we will try to
explain the following terms ;
 Proportional limit
 Elastic limit
 Ultimate stress
 Necking
 Fracture or rapture
1-proportional limit First a our specimen have Proportional limit
which can be defined as From the 0 point to the point called
proportional limit which the stress strain curve is a straight line
according to hooks law as long as stress applied the sample strains
and elongate , here in our diagram the proportional limit is
relatively when our force (N) equals = 60000
After that the sample will no more be a proportional straight line
curve , it goes to another stage called elastic limit
2-elastic limit can be defined as the limit after that limit the sample
will no more back to original shape, our samples elastic limit can
nearly determined between range of Force of (61000)N

12. 12
3-YIELD point it’s the point that the material can elongate without
any load increasing which is also nearly after the elastic range or
elastic limit.
4-Ultimate stress can be defined easily as the top of our curve in the
diagram which is the ,maximum strength could the specimen take
which can also be determined nearly 79000N.
5-rapture easily can be defined as the point the sample breaks or
fracture in the gauge length ,here we have an image when our sample
broke below

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Figure 2 shows an image when the steel is fractured

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Results obtained from the graph(data) 3.1
1-Maximum Strain(Elongation)=4.5mm
2-Young modulus=ratio stress/ratio strain=(y2-y1)(x2-x1)
Young modulus test 1 = (19000-0)(2-0)=9.5kpa
Young modulus test 2= (51000-33000)(6-4)=9kpa
Young modulus test 3= (58000-51000)(7-6)=8kpa
Young modulus average=(9.5+9+8)3 = 8.833kpa
3-Maximum stress=Maximum force /Area
=790003.14 *((122)1000)2
Maximum stress =698 Gpa

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Conclusion 4.0
Tensile tests are fundamental for understanding properties of
different materials also it is a quality test to determine condition of
material under tension until failure, and how they will behave under
load. In This lab we tested one different material, which is mild steel
specimen. The data from the test was used to determine valuable
material properties such as strength, yield point, ductility, necking
phenomenon, modulus of elasticity and stress-strain curve the
maximum strength (under tension), how much the specimen
elongate , This test will show how material reacts under tension and
properties and more.

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Reference5.0
1-ASM International, Tensile Testing, second edition.
2-www.matweb.com
3-www.nde-ed.org/ Nde research center
4- www.azo.com/ Azo materials