Existentialism is a philosophical view that stresses individual responsibility over rationalism or empiricism, and sees people as self-determining agents responsible for authentic choices. It suggests students accept responsibility for their choices and actions, set personal goals, and develop independence by making decisions and solving problems. Teachers should create an environment allowing independent action and choices, and enable students to take responsibility. Teaching methods involve analyzing and discussing students' choices, with an emphasis on social studies and humanities.

1. Existentialism A philosophical attitude that’s opposed to rationalism and empiricism, that stresses the individual’s unique position as a self-determining agent responsible for the authenticity of his or her choices.