LA FORZA NELLA DONNA UN PROGRESSO INARRESTABILE
Renato Manno
Caratteristiche, specificità di genere, effetto dell’età e dei tipi di allenamento
SDS SCUOLA DELLO SPORT 105
http://www.calzetti-mariucci.it/shop/prodotti/sds-scuola-dello-sport-n-105
Caffeine, energy drinks, and strength power performanceFernando Farias
CAFFEINE AND ENERGY DRINKS
ARE POPULAR SUPPLEMENTS THAT
HAVE VARIABLE USES IN BOTH
ATHLETIC AND NONATHLETIC POP-
ULATIONS. EVIDENCE HAS BEEN
RELATIVELY CONSISTENT IN
SHOWING THE EFFICACY OF THESE
“HIGH-ENERGY” COMPOUNDS IN
ENHANCING ENDURANCE PERFOR-
MANCE, BUT LESS IS UNDERSTOOD
REGARDING ITS ERGOGENIC PO-
TENTIAL IN STRENGTH/POWER AC-
TIVITIES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON
THE EFFICACY ON THESE PROD-
UCTS (CAFFEINE BY ITSELF OR IN
COMBINATION WITH OTHER INGRE-
DIENTS) ON STRENGTH/POWER
PERFORMANCE AND REACTION
TIME. IN ADDITION, DISCUSSION ON
THE EFFICACY OF CAFFEINE DUR-
ING PROLONGED ACTIVITY AND ITS
ROLE DURING TACTICAL PERFOR-
MANCE IS ADDRESSED.
Sports nutrition is important aspect of training for an athlete. Adequate amount of nutrients ensure effective performance. We have end number of types of games and sports, the diet and nutritional requirements vary as per the activity demand and other details. Read this presentation to Know more.
LA FORZA NELLA DONNA UN PROGRESSO INARRESTABILE
Renato Manno
Caratteristiche, specificità di genere, effetto dell’età e dei tipi di allenamento
SDS SCUOLA DELLO SPORT 105
http://www.calzetti-mariucci.it/shop/prodotti/sds-scuola-dello-sport-n-105
Caffeine, energy drinks, and strength power performanceFernando Farias
CAFFEINE AND ENERGY DRINKS
ARE POPULAR SUPPLEMENTS THAT
HAVE VARIABLE USES IN BOTH
ATHLETIC AND NONATHLETIC POP-
ULATIONS. EVIDENCE HAS BEEN
RELATIVELY CONSISTENT IN
SHOWING THE EFFICACY OF THESE
“HIGH-ENERGY” COMPOUNDS IN
ENHANCING ENDURANCE PERFOR-
MANCE, BUT LESS IS UNDERSTOOD
REGARDING ITS ERGOGENIC PO-
TENTIAL IN STRENGTH/POWER AC-
TIVITIES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON
THE EFFICACY ON THESE PROD-
UCTS (CAFFEINE BY ITSELF OR IN
COMBINATION WITH OTHER INGRE-
DIENTS) ON STRENGTH/POWER
PERFORMANCE AND REACTION
TIME. IN ADDITION, DISCUSSION ON
THE EFFICACY OF CAFFEINE DUR-
ING PROLONGED ACTIVITY AND ITS
ROLE DURING TACTICAL PERFOR-
MANCE IS ADDRESSED.
Sports nutrition is important aspect of training for an athlete. Adequate amount of nutrients ensure effective performance. We have end number of types of games and sports, the diet and nutritional requirements vary as per the activity demand and other details. Read this presentation to Know more.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps
What is it Cause
Exercise-associated Electrolyte Depletion Theory
Dehydration
Muscle Cramps (EAMCs)
Abnormal serum electrolyte
single, multijoint muscles concentrations
(eg, triceps Altered neuromuscular control
surae, quadriceps, hamstri hypothesis
Muscle spindle &golgi tendon
ngs) when contracting in a proprioceptors
shortened state
Cooper E. R. et al.2006
3. The Role of Hydration and Effects of Dehydration
Signs of Dehydration
Fatigue
Difficulty Concentrating
Irritability
Lightheadedness
Decreased Alertness
Cramping
Nausea
Weakness
4. ACSM Recommendations
Body weight (in pounds)/2= daily fluid needs (in
oz.)
16 ounces, 1 hour before competition
5-12 ounces of fluid every 15-20 minutes
> 1 hour
sports drinks containing 7% carbohydrates
For every pound lost per hour16-24 ounces of fluid
5. Percent Dehydration Effect on Physiological
Function
Percent Weight Effects on the Body
Loss
1 to 2 Increase in core body temperature
3 Significant increase in body temperature with aerobic exercise
5 • Significant increase in body temperature with a definite
decrease in aerobic ability and muscular endurance
• Possible 20 to 30% decrease in strength and and anaerobic
power
• Susceptible to heat exhaustion
6 Muscle spasms and cramping
10 or more • Excessively high core body temperature
• Susceptibility to heat stroke
•Heat injury and circulatory collapse with aerobic performance
Alabama A&M & Auburn Universities, 2003
7. The Pickle Juice Debate
Pro Cons
Approximately 25% of certified 1-2 ounces recommended
athletic trainers advocate 2 times to 20 times the dosage
drinking 30 mL to 60 mL of Decreased gastric emptying
pickle juice
high salt and low fluid
relieves an EAMC within 30 to
35 seconds after ingestion content
PickleJuiceSport contribute to dehydration-
induced hypertonicity
prolonging dehydration
increasing the risk of
hyperthermia and poor
Miller K. C., Knight K. L., Williams R. B., 2008 performance
16. Altered Neuromuscular Control Theory
Anatomy Increased Excitatory Input
http://www.sweatscience.com.
Schwellnus, M.P., J. Nicol, R. Laubscher, and T.D. Noakes., 2004
17. Practical Implications
There is no one cure for EAMCs
Find a method that works for you
Pickle juice needs to be further investigated to determine
optimal quantities and timing.
Should not be used for the first time during competition
Fluid, electrolyte and energy supplementation is desirable to
support circulatory, metabolic and thermoregulatory functions.
Sports drinks should not be used in exercise less than 60-90
minutes
Stretching and strengthening of musculature is possibly
important for avoiding EAMCs.
18. Future Research
Only 18 studies on pickle juice and carbohydrate
solutions
All but three are anecdotal
Mechanism of pickle juice’s role in EAMC alleviation
Optimal treatment parameters
More case studies rather than anecdotal findings
Research into the oropharyngealregion
Increased focus on the environmental factors
influence on dehydration
19. References
Cooper E. R., Ferrara M. S., Broglio S. P. Exertional heat illness and environmental conditions during a single
football season in the Southeast. J Athl Train. 2006;41(3):332–336.
Jung, A.P., P.A. Bishop, A. Al-Nawwas, and R.B. Dale. Influence of hydration and electrolyte supplementation
on incidence and time to onset of exercise-associated muscle cramps. J. Athl. Training. 40:71-75, 2005.
Levin, S. Investigating the cause of muscle cramps. Phys. Sportsmed. 21:111-113, 1993.
Maughan, R.J., J.B. Leiper, and S.M. Shirreffs. Restoration of fluid balance after exercise-induced
dehydration: effects of food and fluid intake. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 73:317-325, 1996.
Maughan, R.J., S.J. Merson, N.P. Broad, and S.M. Shirreffs. Fluid and electrolyte intake and loss in elite soccer
players during training. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 14:333-346, 2004.
MaughanR. J., Leiper J. B. Limitations to fluid replacement during exercise. Can J Appl Physiol.
1999;24(2):173–187.
Miller K. C., Knight K. L., Williams R. B. Athletic trainers' perceptions of pickle juice's effects on exercise
associated muscle cramps. AthlTher Today. 2008;13(5):31–34.
Miller K. D., Mack G., Knight K. L. Electrolyte and plasma changes after ingestion of pickle juice, water, and a
common carbohydrate-electrolyte solution. J Athl Train. 2009;44(5):454–461.
Miller K. C., Mack G. W., Knight K. L., et al. Reflex inhibition of electrically-induced muscle cramps in
hypohydrated humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(5):953–961.
Roeleveld, K., B.G. van Engelen, and D.F. Stegeman. Possible mechanisms of muscle cramp from temporal
and spatial surface EMG characteristics. J. Appl. Physiol. 88:1698-1706, 2000.
Schwellnus, M.P., J. Nicol, R. Laubscher, and T.D. Noakes. Serum electrolyte concentrations and hydration
status are not associated with exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) in distance runners. Br. J. Sports
Med. 38:488-492, 2004.
Schwellnus MP, Drew N, Collins M. Increased running speed and previous cramping rather than dehydration
or serum sodium changes predict exercise-associated muscle cramping: a prospective cohort study in 210
Ironmantriathletes. Br J Sports Med 2011;45:650-656
22. Do’s and Don’ts of Sports Drinks
When to Use When not to
Within 1 hour of exercise Everyday drink
During a work out For the first time
lasting >60-90 minutes during a race
high intensity intervals >30- To replace meals and
60 min snacks on non-race
Immediately after days
workouts During low
kick starts rehydration and intensity/short
refueling
duration workouts
Editor's Notes
EAMCS Athletes commonly develop exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs),1–,3 and researchers4–,6 think that fluid and electrolyte disturbances often are the cause. This theory is based on the observation that many athletes who develop EAMCs during exercise have large fluid and electrolyte losses at the time of cramping.5 Although the exact cause of EAMCs remains unknown, athletes prone to cramping ingest fluidsadd modest amounts of sodium (0.3–0.7 g/L) to their drinks
Dehydration is a process by which the body fluid loss (sweat) exceeds replacement and leads to a deficit in body fluidsDecreased blood volume Increased heart rate with equal workload Decrease blood flow Increased body temperature Greater perceived exertion
With a 5% decrease an athlete will need at least 5 hours to recover
a substance that conducts an electric current when dissolved in water Major ElectrolytesSodiumChloridePotassium Necessary for fluid balance, conduction of nerve impulses, muscle contractions
Descriptive statistics of each solution's composition are shown in Table 1. Participants ingested 86.1 ± 16.9 mL of pickle juice, 86.5 ± 16.7 mL of CHO-e drink, and 86.4 ± 16.6 mL of tap water. Participants ingested, on average, 35.7 mmol, 1.6 mmol, and 1.4 mmol sodium with pickle juice, CHO-e drink, and water, respectively.
A, Plasma osmolality and B, percent change in plasma volume 60 minutes after ingestion of pickle juice, carbohydrate-electrolyte drink, and water. Error bars denote SDs.Plasma osmolality did not differ over time among fluids (F20,160 = 0.72, P = .80) (Figure 1). Despite ingesting 35.7 mmol sodium with pickle juice, average plasma osmolality never exceeded 284.1 mOsmol/kg H2O for the duration of testing.Changes in plasma volume after ingestion of each fluid are shown in Figure 1 and Table 2. Plasma volume did not differ over time among pickle juice, CHO-e drink, and water (F20,160 = 0.54, P = .95).
Plasma sodium concentration differed over time among pickle juice, CHO-e drink, and water ingestion (F20,160 = 1.84, P = .02). Plasma sodium concentration was higher after pickle juice ingestion than after water ingestion at 15 and 25 minutes postingestion and was also higher than after CHO-e drink ingestion at 25 and 30 minutes (P ≤ .05) (Figure 2). Compared with baseline, none of the drinks altered plasma sodium concentration over the 60-minute postingestion period (P ≥ .05).Plasma potassium, magnesium, and calcium concentrations over time are shown in Figure 2. Plasma potassium concentration was different over time among fluids (F20,160 = 1.78, P = .03). It was higher after pickle juice ingestion than after water ingestion at 15, 30, and 60 minutes postingestion. The CHO-e drink ingestion elicited a higher plasma potassium concentration than water elicited at 45 and 60 minutes postingestion. Pickle juice and CHO-e drink ingestion had no effect on plasma potassium concentration over 60 minutes (P ≥ .05). Water ingestion decreased plasma potassium concentration at 60 minutes compared with baseline (P ≤ .05). Plasma magnesium (F20,160 = 0.91, P = .58) and calcium (F20,160 = 1.02, P = .44) concentrations were not measurably influenced by fluid ingestion.
The GV was determined by the double-sampling technique described by George11 and modified by Beckers et al.10 Participants were given 90 seconds to drink a single bolus (7 mL·kg−1 body mass) of chilled (3°C) PJ or DIW. Descriptive statistics of each drink's composition are found in the Table. These drinks were premixed with approximately 25 ppm phenol red (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St Louis, MO), a poorly absorbed indicator dye,12 and chilled to facilitate quick ingestion. Using a large bolus of fluid is often a delimitation in gastric-emptying research.14–,17 We are unaware of any gastric-emptying researchers who have attempted to validate or ascertain the gastric emptying of a single, small bolus of fluid (eg, <150 mL). Whether a smaller bolus would provide valid gastric emptying information was unknown, so we provided a standard volume of fluid (7 mL·kg−1 body weight) that is used in gastric-emptying research. Therefore, our participants ingested a larger volume of PJ than is typically given to athletes experiencing EAMC.4 The containers holding the treatment drinks were weighed before and after ingestion to determine how much of the fluid was actually ingested.
Gastric volumes (mean ± SE) after ingestion of 7 mL·kg−1 body mass of pickle juice and deionized water (n = 10). aIndicates gastric volume after ingestion of either pickle juice or deionized water was less than at 0 minutes. bIndicates that gastric volume after ingestion of pickle juice was greater than after ingestion of deionized water. cIndicates that gastric volume after ingestion of deionized water was less at 30 minutes than at 5 minutes. The α level was set at <.05.Ingesting large volumes of PJ resulted in increases in [Na+]p over the course of the study. Health care professionals have warned that ingesting PJ without concurrent hypotonic fluids could contribute to dehydration-induced hypertonicity and delay rehydration.27 Although ingesting large volumes of PJ did cause substantial increases in [Na+]p, these increases were due to rapid decreases in PV rather than an increase in actual plasma sodium content. Thus, despite a large bolus of hypertonic fluid being delivered to the small intestine (approximately 219 mL within the first 5 minutes postingestion), little of the sodium in PJ was actually absorbed and assimilated into the extracellular-fluid compartment. Because these changes occurred after ingestion of both fluids, it appears that gastric distension, rather than fluid composition, triggered cardiovascular reflexes that resulted in transient PV decreases. Some cardiovascular reflexes have been shown to be drinking-mediated responses to large boluses of fluid rather than a response to fluid composition
J Athl Train. 2010 Nov-Dec;45(6):601-8.Gastric emptying after pickle-juice ingestion in rested, euhydrated humans.Miller KC, Mack GW, Knight KL.SourceDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108- 6050, USA. kevin.c.miller@ndsu.eduA, Plasma sodium concentration, B, plasma sodium content, and C, plasma volume (mean ± SE) after ingestion of 7 mL·kg−1 body mass of pickle juice and deionized water and changes from baseline (n = 10). aIndicates that plasma sodium concentration was greater at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after ingestion of pickle juice than at −45 minutes. bIndicates that plasma sodium concentration was greater after ingestion of pickle juice than after ingestion of deionized water at 20 and 30 minutes. cIndicates that plasma sodium concentration was greater at 10 minutes after ingestion of deionized water than at −45 minutes. dIndicates that plasma volume was less at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after ingestion of pickle juice than at −45 minutes. The α level was set at <.05.
A, Plasma sodium concentration, B, plasma sodium content, and C, plasma volume (mean ± SE) after ingestion of 7 mL·kg−1 body mass of pickle juice and deionized water and changes from baseline (n = 10). aIndicates that plasma sodium concentration was greater at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after ingestion of pickle juice than at −45 minutes. bIndicates that plasma sodium concentration was greater after ingestion of pickle juice than after ingestion of deionized water at 20 and 30 minutes. cIndicates that plasma sodium concentration was greater at 10 minutes after ingestion of deionized water than at −45 minutes. dIndicates that plasma volume was less at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after ingestion of pickle juice than at −45 minutes. The α level was set at <.05.
Recent research suggests the following to help reduce or delay the onset of a full blown muscle cramp when the signs of muscle cramps and muscle spasms start:With “altered neuromuscular control” it has been suggested that muscle stretching is the best way to treat muscle cramps and muscle spasms. I’m yet to find what they mean by this and if post stretching or stretching during exercise is the best method. In my experience stretching during your cycle training ride and cycle racing is the best method to release a cramp.Also, “altered neuromuscular control” recommends the ongoing conditioning of the muscles to avoid them fatiguing too soon during your cycle training rides and cycle racingReducing the intensity or stopping cycling also helpsOn-going regular massageProper warm-up before going out on your cycle training ride and cycle racingPost exercise stretching after your cycle training ride and cycle racingBeing well hydrated with a good quality electrolyte sports drink during your cycle training ride and cycle racing
Descriptive statistics for urine osmolality, specific gravity, volume, osmolar clearance, and free water clearance at preingestion and 60 minutes postingestion of fluid are shown in Table 3. Urine volume (F2,16 = 0.47, P = .63), osmolality (F2,16 = 3.05, P = .08), specific gravity (F2,16 = 2.77, P = .09), and osmolar clearance (F2,16 = 0.01, P = .98) were not different over time among fluids. However, a trend was observed for differences in free water clearance among fluids at 60 minutes (P ≈ .08).Time effects were observed for all urine variables (P ≤ .02). Urine osmolality,a specific gravity,b volume,c and free water clearanced at 60 minutes postingestion of pickle juice and water were different from these urine variables at preingestion. Urine osmolality (F1,16 = 0.56, P = .47), specific gravity (F1,16 = 0.07, P = .79), volume (F1,16 = 3.63, P = .07), and free water clearance (F1,16 = 3.9, P = .06) did not differ at 60 minutes postingestion of the CHO-e drink. All urine variables indicated participants were euhydrated at 60 minutes postingestion of all fluids.
No plasma (P ≥ .07) or urine variables (P ≥ .51) were different among fluids before fluid ingestion, and the values indicated that participants were euhydrated before ingesting each fluid (Tables 2 and and3).3). Plasma electrolyte concentrations and osmolality during the first 5 minutes of testing are highlighted in Table 2, with the entire duration of testing represented in Figures 1 and and22.
