Arun Singhal has over 40 years of experience in talent development, management coaching, and business consulting. He provides an overview of various problem analysis methodologies that can help identify the root cause of issues, including 5 Why analysis, fishbone diagrams, Pareto analysis, fault tree analysis, failure mode and effect analysis, MECE, and the Kepner Tregoe problem analysis method. Different methods are suited to different problem types, depending on whether the causes are known or unknown and whether the problem is repetitive or non-repetitive. The next module will provide a deeper understanding of the Kepner Tregoe problem analysis methodology.

1. Enrichmentors
Building
Excellence in
Problem Solving
Problem Analysis
Methodologies
Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years

2. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
Introduction
Management Coach and Mentor with 40 years of experience in Talent Development
Arun Singhal
Post Graduate in Marketing & Finance from IIM
Bangalore in 1981
26 years of work experience in Unilever, Johnson &
Johnson and Dumex India (now Danone Nutrition) in
sales, marketing, operations and general management
in senior positions in India and Asia Pacific
Been consulting, coaching and counselling individuals,
small and medium business since 2007
Working with IIM Udaipur for 2015-21 as faculty for IBP
in addition to driving entrepreneurship, emotional
intelligence, Bloomberg Lab and career counseling
Also a certified CEO coach
Coached and Mentored for past 14 years @
✓ IIM Udaipur
✓ Vikram Cements
✓ Seva Mandir Udaipur
✓ BSL Ltd
✓ Mayur Suitings
✓ Volkswagen India
✓ Kris Flexipacks Pvt Ltd
✓ Bayer India
✓ Cello India
✓ Makarizo Indonesia
✓ Ayushakti Health Care Pvt Ltd
✓ Hia Designs
✓ Mind Technologies
✓ Hindustan Instruments
✓ Panache Computers

3. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
Purpose
The purpose of the module is to tell you about the
Problem Analysis Methodologies to help you build
Excellence in your Problem Solving Skills
At the end of this module you will learn the
following
➢ What are the various Problem Analysis
Methodologies?
➢ When can you use each of these?
➢ How can they help you identify the root cause of
a problem?
➢ What are their limitations?

4. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
What methodologies can you use for Problem Analysis?

5. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
What methodologies can you use for Problem Analysis?

6. Enrichmentors
5 Why Analysis
Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years

7. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
When to use?
Known
Cause
Repetitive
Problems
Want to
find
systemic
cause

8. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How does it help find the root cause and
what are the limitations?
• Repeated asking
“Why” helps go
deeper to the
systemic levels and
focus on solutions
that have broader
impact
• Can not work if the
problem is occurring
for the first time
and/or people do not
know the causes

9. Enrichmentors
Fishbone Diagram
Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years

10. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
When to use?
Unknown
Cause
Repetitive
and non
repetitive
problems
Want to
find
possible
causes

11. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How does it help find the root cause and
what are the limitations?
• It only helps you
generate possible
causes
• You need to use
other methodologies
to find the root cause
• By itself it can not
find the root cause

12. Enrichmentors
Pareto Analysis
Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years

13. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
When to use?
Many
known
Causes
Repetitive
problems
Have data
on the
count of
problems

14. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How does it help find the root cause and
what are the limitations?
• It helps you identify
vital few causes that
account of majority
(80%) of problem
occurrences
• You need well
spread data to come
to statistically valid
conclusions
• Can not include the
unknown causes

15. Enrichmentors
Fault Tree Analysis
Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years

16. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
When to use?
Unknown
Causes
Repetitive
and non
repetitive
problems
Want to
know
possible
causes

17. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How does it help find the root cause and
what are the limitations?
• It helps find all
possible causes
• Can not tell you the
root cause/s by itself
• Need to use other
methods like Pareto
Analysis etc. to find
the root cause/s

18. Enrichmentors
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years

19. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
When to use?
Known
possible
causes
Repetitive
potential
problems
Want to
know
causes with
max risk

20. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How does it help find the root cause and
what are the limitations?
• Helps identify parts
of process that has
max risk of failure
and need to be
addressed
• Need a lot of good
understanding of the
process

21. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
MECE

22. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
MECE

23. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
When to use?
Possible
causes
known
Repetitive
and non
repetitive
problems
Want to
know ALL
possible
causes

24. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How does it help find the root cause and
what are the limitations?
• Helps list ALL
possible causes
• Depends on the
knowledge of the
team
• Need to use with
other methods to
eliminate the causes
to find the root cause

25. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
Effect-Cause-Effect Method
ECE Method helps find the root
cause of a Undesirable
situation.
Hence pinpoints the underlying
causes as Core Problems
Persuade others by explain the
entire process of constructing
ECE and providing solid proof
Hypothesizing
reasons
Deriving the
resulting
different effects
Checking their
existence
Confirming the
reasons on
finding their
existence
Changing the
hypotheses on
not finding their
existence

26. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
When to use?
Known
possible
causes
Repetitive
and non
repetitive
problems
Want to
eliminate
possible
causes

27. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How does it help find the root cause and
what are the limitations?
• Helps eliminate the
possible causes to
narrow down the
root cause
• Does not need a lot
of data
• Works as well as the
possible causes
generated

28. Enrichmentors
Kepner Tregoe Problem Analysis

29. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
When to use?
Unknown
causes
Non
repetitive
problems
Want to
generate and
eliminate
possible
causes

30. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How does it help find the root cause and
what are the limitations?
• Helps generate
possible causes and
also confirm the root
cause
• Does not need a lot
of data
• Depends on the
knowledge of the
team

31. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
What did we learn in this module
➢ There are many methodologies which can be used depending on the
requirements, like
✓ 5 Why analysis
✓ Fishbone Diagram / Ishikawa diagram
✓ Pareto Analysis
✓ Fault tree analysis
✓ FMEA
✓ MECE
✓ Effect-Cause-Effect (ECE) Method and
✓ KT Problem Analysis
➢ Some methods like 5 Why and Pareto Analysis can only work when the causes
are known and we need to find either the dominant cause or systemic cause
➢ Methods like Fishbone Diagram, Fault Tree Analysis, MECE can only help us
find the possible causes. Need to apply other methods along with them to find
the root cause
➢ FMEA works to prevent potential problems with the knowledge of the impact of
different parts contributing to the problems
➢ ECE method can only help in eliminating possible causes and getting to the
probable cause
➢ Only KT Problem Analysis offers a methodology which can help generate
possible causes as well as eliminate the possible causes to find the root cause

32. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
What is in it for you in next module?
Understanding KT Problem Analysis Methodology

33. Enrichmentors Building Businesses, People, Wealth & Health Successfully over 40 years
How to get calls for an
Interview for desired role
Deep Dive
Thank You
for watching the
Problem Analysis
Methodologies
of
Building
Excellence in
Problem Solving