Exam 2 Questions are composed of the following: 35 Multiple choice Questions- chapters 5-12 6 questions on Freud’s Anxiety & Ego-defense Mechanisms 9 matching- Freud’s Anxiety & Ego-defense Mechanisms 1. As you are reading this question right now, you are consciously processing the meaning of the words in which stage of memory? a. sensory memory b. short-term memory c. long-term memory d. episodic memory 2. At age 80, Bonita recalls the wonderful summers she spent with her grandparents during her childhood. She talks about the market in town where you could buy freshly churned ice cream and garden vegetables, the county fair, and bonfires where her grandmother would make s'mores for the family. Bonita's recollections are an example of _____  a. sensory memory b. short-term memory c. long term memory d. recognition memory 3. Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of forgetting described in your textbook? a. consolidation b. decay c. encoding failure d. interference 4. According to Freud, _____ memories remain unconscious yet are still capable of influencing behavior and personality. a. repressed b. suppressed c. prospective d. retrospective 5. To help understand how neurons change in response to the formation of a new memory, researchers have extensively studied: a. the sea snail Aplysia . b. undergraduate psychology students. c. dolphins d. a man known by the initials H.M. 6. Keisha is determined to ace her microbiology final. Which of the following strategies would be LEAST likely to improve her memory for the material covered in her microbiology textbook? a. outlining the chapter information in a way that shows how information is related b. going without sleep the night before the exam and studying right up until she takes the test c. using the photographs and diagrams in the text to help create visual memories of the material d. spending extra time on material in the middle of the chapter 7. While Mary was reading a story about the Australian Outback adventures of Billy and his dog, she had no problem visualizing the arid countryside, the unusual animals that lived there, and the various people that Billy and his dog met in their journeys. Mary is using: a. mental imagery. b. a mental set c.an algorithm d. a heuristic 8. When Jean-Claude came back from skiing he wanted to brew a cup of coffee. Because he was out of coffee filters, he settled for tea. Jean-Claude's failure to realize he could use a paper towel as a coffee filter best illustrates: a. a mental set. b. flexible cognition. c. functional fixedness. d. the availability heuristic. 9. Research suggests that the _____ is most likely to be used when people rely on information involving vivid memories to determine the likelihood of events occurring. a. elimination-by-aspects model b. representative heuristic c. additive model d. availability heuristic 10. Dr. Mathias believes that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce i.

1. Exam 2 Questions are composed of the following:
35 Multiple choice Questions- chapters 5-12
6 questions on Freud’s Anxiety & Ego-defense Mechanisms
9 matching- Freud’s Anxiety & Ego-defense Mechanisms
1. As you are reading this question right now, you are
consciously processing the meaning of the words in which stage
of memory?
a. sensory memory
b. short-term memory
c. long-term memory
d. episodic memory
2. At age 80, Bonita recalls the wonderful summers she spent
with her grandparents during her childhood. She talks about the
market in town where you could buy freshly churned ice cream
and garden vegetables, the county fair, and bonfires where her
grandmother would make s'mores for the family. Bonita's
recollections are an example of _____
a. sensory memory
b. short-term memory
c. long term memory
d. recognition memory

2. 3. Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of forgetting
described in your textbook?
a. consolidation
b. decay
c. encoding failure
d. interference
4. According to Freud, _____ memories remain unconscious yet
are still capable of influencing behavior and personality.
a. repressed
b. suppressed
c. prospective
d. retrospective
5. To help understand how neurons change in response to the
formation of a new memory, researchers have extensively
studied:
a. the sea snail
Aplysia
.
b. undergraduate psychology students.
c. dolphins
d. a man known by the initials H.M.

3. 6. Keisha is determined to ace her microbiology final. Which of
the following strategies would be LEAST likely to improve her
memory for the material covered in her microbiology textbook?
a. outlining the chapter information in a way that shows how
information is related
b. going without sleep the night before the exam and studying
right up until she takes the test
c. using the photographs and diagrams in the text to help create
visual memories of the material
d. spending extra time on material in the middle of the chapter
7. While Mary was reading a story about the Australian Outback
adventures of Billy and his dog, she had no problem visualizing
the arid countryside, the unusual animals that lived there, and
the various people that Billy and his dog met in their journeys.
Mary is using:
a. mental imagery.
b. a mental set
c.an algorithm
d. a heuristic
8. When Jean-Claude came back from skiing he wanted to brew
a cup of coffee. Because he was out of coffee filters, he settled
for tea. Jean-Claude's failure to realize he could use a paper
towel as a coffee filter best illustrates:
a. a mental set.

4. b. flexible cognition.
c. functional fixedness.
d. the availability heuristic.
9. Research suggests that the _____ is most likely to be used
when people rely on information involving vivid memories to
determine the likelihood of events occurring.
a. elimination-by-aspects model
b. representative heuristic
c. additive model
d. availability heuristic
10. Dr. Mathias believes that behavior is motivated by the
desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological
needs that "push" us to behave in certain ways. Dr. Mathias's
views are most consistent with _____ theories of motivation.
a. instinct
b. drive
c. incentive
d. humanistic
11. The
desire to avoid boredom
is to _____
theory
as the

5. desire to drink when thirsty
is to _____
theory
.
a.
arousal; drive
b.
drive; arousal
c.
humanistic; incentive
d.
incentive; humanistic
12. Nate wonders how his friend Jim can wake up at 5:00 every
morning to swim laps before school. When he asks about it, Jim
replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal
potential in swimming. Jim's explanation is most consistent with
_____ theories of motivation.
a. instinct
b. drive
c. humanistic
d. arousal
13. Which of the following could be referred to as "the hunger
hormone" because it stimulates a person's appetite?
a. ghrelin

6. b. insulin
c. glucose
d. cholecystokinin
14.Which of the following statements BEST describes
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
?
a. a harmful chemical preservative that is a known teratogen
b. a specific gene that is known to be associated with several
serious birth defects
c. a double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic instructions
d. the chemical “trigger” that activates cell division in the
developing embryo
15. The term _____ refers to the characteristics that are actually
observed in an organism, and these characteristics depend on
which genes get expressed.
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. allele
d. chromosome
16. Humans carry all of the genes necessary to develop a tail,
but we typically don't develop tails because:
a. those genes are never activated.

7. b. those genes can only be activated by external factors that no
longer exist in our present environment.
c. we have also inherited a copy of the dominant “no-tails”
gene.
d. we have also inherited two recessive “no-tails” genes.
17. Mr. and Ms. Belmont are the parents of five-month-old
Veronica. Although Veronica slept in the same bed as her
parents for the first few months of life, she now sleeps in her
own room. According to research on U.S. families, which of the
following reasons explain why the Belmonts probably moved
Veronica to her own bed?
a. Mr. and Ms. Belmont are probably trying for another baby.
b. Mr. and Ms. Belmont want to encourage interdependence in
Veronica.
c. Mr. and Ms. Belmont want to encourage independence and
self-reliance.
d. Mr. and Ms. Belmont are concerned that Veronica is not
getting enough sleep.
18. Vicki was sitting in the rocking chair and playing with her
doll. She dropped the doll, which landed out of view behind the
rocking chair. A few moments later, Vicki climbed down and
retrieved the doll. Vicki's behavior suggests that she has
acquired the understanding of:
a. object permanence.
b. abstract reasoning.

8. c. centration
d. conservation
19. Thirty-year-old Alayna is painfully shy and so sensitive to
rejection that she rarely talks to people other than her co-
workers and her family members. Occasionally, a man asks her
out, but she always refuses. She spends a good deal of time
reading and writing in her diary about her loneliness and other
feelings. According to Erikson's theory, Alayna is facing the
psychosocial conflict of _____ and is likely to develop _____.
a. industry versus inferiority; inferiority
b. autonomy versus guilt; guilt
c. generativity versus stagnation; stagnation
d. intimacy versus isolation; isolation
20. Tracy is very fit and energetic. She goes to aerobics classes
four times a week, and she is considered by many to be very
feminine, especially by her same-sex partner. Tracy's sense of
femininity is her _____, and her attraction to a member of the
same sex is her _____.
a. gender; gender role
b. gender identity; sexual orientation
c. sex; gender identity
d. sexual orientation; gender identity
21. Young Bobby is anxious, fearful, and soft-hearted. Because

9. of these characteristics, his father is worried that Bobby is not
masculine enough. Bobby's father is endorsing:
a. homophobia
b. benevolent sexism.
c. gender-role stereotypes.
d. unconscious repression.
22. In looking at gender differences on emotion, psychologist
Agneta Fischer and her colleagues analyzed cross-cultural data
from 37 countries around the world. The researchers found that
across cultures:
a. women report experiencing and expressing more sadness,
fear, and guilt, while men report experiencing and expressing
more anger and hostility.
b. men are more emotionally expressive than women in private,
but not public, settings.
c. men and women reported experiencing exactly the same
emotions, but only men freely expressed anger and guilt.
d. men are significantly more accurate than women in
interpreting the emotional meaning of nonverbal cues.
23. Cindy is a 15 year-old high school cheerleader living in the
south-central region of the United States. When she learned that
she had been cut from the squad for the next academic year,
Cindy flew into a fit of rage and punched her cheerleading
coach in the nose. In the terminology of your textbook, Cindy's
outburst violated which type of display rules?

10. a. athletic
b. biologically-determined
c. culturally-determined
d. passive-aggressive
24. Gender schema theory is to _____ as social learning theory
is to _____.
a. cognitive categories; reinforcement, punishment, and
modeling
b. genetics; environment
c. reinforcement, punishment, and modeling; cognitive
categories
d. environment; genetics
25. Carl was born a female (Carla) but feels more authentic now
that he is living as a man. Recently, Carl has been encouraged
by his friends to engage in strength training (lifting weights)
because it is "what men do." As a woman, Carl was never
encouraged to do strength training because he was told that this
would "make him bulky like a man." This example illustrates
the _____ perspective.
a. social learning
b. interactionist
c. social identity
d. evolutionary

11. 26. Amy was born a woman but underwent hormonal treatments
and sex reassignment surgery. Now Amy is known as Allen, a
man. Based on the information in your textbook, Allen is best
described as:
a. homosexual.
b. transsexual
c. transient
d. intersex
27. For medical reasons, 25-year-old Nadine has to have both of
her ovaries surgically removed. Following the operation, Nadine
is likely to experience:
a. a steep drop in sexual interest and sexual activity.
b. an increase in the production of estrogen.
c. homosexual feelings and urges.
d. little or no drop in her normal level of sexual interest and
sexual activity.
28. For most of his adult life, Bob has become sexually aroused
any time he rides a roller coaster. On several occasions, he has
been banned from fairs and carnivals because the other patrons
find his appearance to be indecent. Based on the information in
your textbook, Bob probably suffers from:
a. a paraphilia.
b. male orgasmic disorder.

12. c. an erectile disorder.
d. sexual sadism disorder.
29. Which of the following is NOT one of John Gottman's
suggestions for improving communication and conflict
resolution in marriages and other relationships?
a. Be aware of personality differences in handling conflicts.
b. The male should actively try to avoid conflict with his female
partner.
c. Avoid personal attacks in raising issues that need to be
resolved.
d. Call a time-out if either partner begins to feel overwhelmed
by his or her emotions.
30. Gina and her boyfriend have been arrested on several
occasions for having sex with each other in public elevators.
This type of inappropriate sexual behavior is termed:
a. transvestic disorder.
b. pedophilic disorder.
c. voyeurism disorder
d. exhibitionistic disorder.
31. Based on research that has been conducted so far, what can
be concluded about the causes of sexual orientation?
a. Researchers cannot say with certainty why people become

13. homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual.
b. Most researchers are now convinced that sexual orientation is
primarily the result of environmental influences.
c. Researchers are sure that homosexuality is caused by
unpleasant early heterosexual experiences.
d. Most researchers are now convinced that sexual orientation is
almost certainly caused by genetic factors and that other factors
have little or no influence.
32. Researchers have investigated possible gender differences in
the frequency of daily hassles. What does this research show?
Researchers have investigated possible gender differences in the
frequency of daily hassles. What does this research show?
a. Women experience more daily hassles and higher levels of
stress associated with friends and family than men.
b. Men experience more daily hassles and higher levels of stress
than women.
c. There are no gender differences in the number of daily
hassles experienced.
d. Although women report more daily hassles than men, they
experience significantly less stress because they use more
effective coping strategies.
33. In their survey research, investigators interested in the
relationship between racism and chronic stress found that three-
quarters of African American adolescents reported being treated
as incompetent or dangerous, or both, because of their race.
Such subtle instances of racism are called:

14. a. daily hassles.
b. acculturative stressors.
c. life change units.
d. microaggressions
34. Although it is obvious to most of Bernie's friends and
family that he drinks too much, his wife Betsy refuses to admit
that he has a drinking problem. She insists that he is a moderate
drinker who has the occasional glass of red wine for medicinal
purposes. In this situation it is possible that Betsy is using an
emotion-focused coping strategy called:
a. wishful thinking.
b. escape–avoidance.
c. denial
d. distancing.
35. Traumatic events are events or situations that:
a. occur every day and annoy or upset people.
b. are perceived as positive, life-changing events.
c. are negative, severe, and far beyond our normal expectations
for everyday life.
d. are chronic and prolonged and lead to exhaustion.