The document outlines the evolution of computers, starting from the abacus, invented 4000 years ago, to modern electronic computers like the Mark 1. Key developments include Napier's bones, Pascaline, Leibniz calculator, and innovations by Charles Babbage, such as the difference and analytical engines. The document also highlights the contributions of other pioneers like Joseph-Marie Jacquard and Herman Hollerith, leading to the creation of IBM.

1. EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTER
PRESENTED BY
ALFIYA MODDASIR
CALSS- 5/E

2. ABACUS
• Abacus is considered to be the first digital computer. It was invented by the Chinese 4000 years ago
• It was the first calculating device which was able to do counting, addition and subtraction

3. NAPIER’S BONES
• John Napier, a Scottish mathematician and scientist, invented Napier’s Bone in 1617.
• It was made of bones and numbered rods which can be used to perform multiplication and division.

4. PASCALINE
• It was invented by Blaise Pascal, a French scientist, in 1642.
• The Pascaline was the first mechanical calculator or adding machine.
• It could add and subtract numbers.

5. LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR
• A German mathematician-philosopher, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed a machine called Stepped
Reckoner or Leibniz Calculator in 1673.
• It was capable of performing all mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division and even finding square root.
• It could store data using ‘memory store’ for the first time.

6. JACQUARD’S LOOM
• It was invented by Frenchman Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1805.
• It used interchangeable punch cards that controlled the weaving of the cloth so that any desired pattern
could be obtained automatically.
• It was the first machine to use interchangeable punch cards to instruct a machine to perform
automated task.

7. DIFFERENCE ENGINE
• Charles Babbage, who is also known as the ‘Father of modern computer’, designed the Difference
Engine in the early 1820s.
• It was capable of performing simple calculations.
• It used punched cards to store information and do calculation up to 20 decimal places.

8. ANALYTICAL ENGINE
• In 1830, Charles Babbage developed another calculating machine called the Analytical Engine.
• It was the first mechanical computer that used Punch cards as input.
• It was capable of performing or solving any mathematical problem and storing information as a
permanent memory (storage).

9. TABULATING MACHINE
• Herman Hollerith, an American scientist, invented this machine in the year 1890.
• It was a mechanical tabulator that was based on Punch cards.
• It used Punched cards to input and store data and information.
• It could read the data, process it and produce the output.
• This machine was used by the U.S. Census in the year 1890.
• In 1924, Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine Company became International Business Machine(IBM).

10. DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSER
• Vannevar Bush introduced the first electrical computer, the Differential Analyser, in 1930.
• It was the first electronic computer made up of Vacuum tubes that switched electrical signals to
perform calculations.
• It was capable of performing 25 calculations in a few minutes.

11. MARK 1
• MARK 1 was invented by Howard Aiken in 1944.
• It is one of the early landmarks of computer technology.
• It could automatically perform calculation involving large numbers.
• It was the first programmable digital computer.

12. THANK YOU