The document discusses evidence-based medicine (EBM) in the context of treating ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures, highlighting clinical judgements alongside research evidence. Various treatment options and comparative studies indicate that the long proximal femoral nail (PFNA) is advantageous due to its minimal surgical exposure and reduced complications compared to traditional methods. The conclusion emphasizes the efficacy of the long PFNA for complex fractures, noting the importance of surgical expertise in achieving optimal outcomes.

1. EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE
PRESENTER: DR. MURUGESH M KURANI
DEPARTMENT OF ORTHOPAEDICS,
J N MEDICAL COLLEGE, BELAGAVI

2. WHAT IS EBM?
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the term
used to describe the integration of the best
available research evidence with clinical
judgment and experience as applied to the
care of individual patients.

4. EBM Levels Of Evidence Pyramid

5. So In Clinical Practice,
TREATMENT
OPTIONS
DISEASE

6. HISTORY
Name - ABC
Age – 30YRS
Sex - Male
Address – BADAS (KH), BELAGAVI
Occupation - FARMER

7. CHIEF COMPLAINTS
Pain on right HIP and middle 3rd of thigh
Swelling on right HIP and middle 3rd of thigh

8. HISTORY OF PRESENT
ILLNESS
H/O road traffic accident b/w 4 wheeler and a 2
wheeler, patient being 2 wheeler rider hit by a 4
wheeler and sustained injury over right hip and
middle thigh. Unable to bear weight on right
lower limb after the fall.
No H/O LOC, vomiting, ENT bleed, convulsions.

9. PERSONAL HISTORY
Diet : Mixed
Appetite : Normal
Sleep : Undisturbed
Bowel & Bladder : Normal and regular
Habbit : no addiction

10. Past history
No H/O DM2/HTN/Asthma/TB
Family history
Not significant
Vitals
BP : 126/80 mm Hg
Pulse : 88 /min
Respiratory rate : 24 cycles/min
SpO2 : 100%

11. LOCAL EXAMINATION
INSPECTION
Right lower limb is externally rotated
Swelling and deformity seen over right HIP and middle thigh
No muscle wasting
No visible scars or sinuses
PALPATION
All inspectory findings were confirmed
Local rise of temperature present
Tenderness and bony deformity present over right hip and mid
thigh
Restricted movements at right hip joint

12. Pelvic compression test was negative
Chest compression test was negative
B/L Toe movements +
Distal pulses were felt b/l and equally
Motor and sensory examination was within normal
limits

13. PRE OP X RAYS

14. RIGHT SIDED IPSILATERAL INTERTROCHANTERIC
(31-A1) WITH FEMORAL SHAFT (32-A2)
FRACTURE.

15. CLASSIFICATION

16. CLASSIFICATION FOR IT FRACTURES
1. BOYD AND GRIFFIN
2. EVAN’S
3. TRONZO
4. AO CLASSIFICATION

18. CLASSIFICATION FOR FEMUR SHAFT
FRACTURES
1. WINQUIST AND HANSEN
2. AO CLASSIFICATION

20. IPSILATERAL IT
WITH FEMUR
SHAFT
FRACTURE

21. INTERNAL FIXATIVE DEVICES
1. DYNAMIC HIP SCREW and COMPRESSION
PLATE
2. DYNAMIC HIP SCREW and RETROGRADE
NAILING
3. LONG PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAILING

22. EVIDENCES

23. Article 1
J Orthop Trauma. 2008 Feb;22(2):102-6. doi:
10.1097/BOT.0b013e318162a0d2.
wolters kluwer
“Functional outcome of ipsilateral
intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures”

24. Ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures
treated with a reconstruction nail versus a sliding hip
screw and retrograde nail.
RESULT:
The average time to follow-up was 49.6 months.
Functional outcome was significantly better in the
reconstruction nail group for the role emotional
(P=0.001) and mental component scores (P=0.016) of
the SF-36. This group also scored better on the LEFS,
although not reaching statistical significance (P=0.099).

25. CONCLUSION:
For most outcome measures, no significant
differences in functional outcome scores were
observed between the 2 treatment groups.
The results of this study suggest the need for a
randomized controlled trial with a larger
sample size to more definitively compare the
2 fixation constructs.

26. Article 2
Orthopaedic Surgery (2012), Volume 4, No. 1, 41–46
“A comparative study of ipsilateral
intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures
treated with long proximal femoral nail
antirotation or plate combinations”

27. METHODS:
Between March 2004 and April 2009, 23 patients
with ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral
shaft fractures were treated with PFNA-long or
plate combinations. The patients were divided
into two groups. Group I contained 13 patients
who were treated with dynamic hip screws (DHS)
combined with compression plate fixation. The
10 patients in Group II were treated with PFNA-
long.

28. RESULTS:
The average follow-up was 17.8 and 16.8 months for
Groups I and II, respectively.
The average union time for intertrochanteric fractures
was 17.4 and 16.6 weeks in Groups I and II,
respectively, and for femoral shaft fracture 22.2 and
21.5 weeks, respectively.
There were nine good, two fair, and two poor
functional results in Group I, and eight good, one fair,
and one poor in Group II. There was nonunion of two
femoral shaft fractures in Group I and one in Group II.

29. CONCLUSION
Both treatment methods achieve satisfactory
functional outcomes in patients with ipsilateral
intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures.
PFNA-long is the better choice for the treatment
of complex fractures, having the advantages of
minimal exposure, reduced perioperative blood
loss, and achievement of biological fixation of
both fractures with a single implant.

30. Article 3
http://bjjprocs.boneandjoint.org.uk/content/87-
B/SUPP_III/310.4
Orthopaedic Proceedings
“FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF IPSILATERAL
INTERTROCHANTERIC AND FEMORAL SHAFT
FRACTURES”

31. CONCLUSION:
Despite having sustained more severe injuries,
the sliding hip screw with retrograde nail
group showed a trend towards better
outcome as compared to the group treated
with the reconstruction nail.

32. Article 4
A meta-analysis of 659 cases
Acta Olthop Scand 1996; 67 (1 ): 19-28
“Concurrent ipsilateral fractures of the hip and
femoral shaft”

33. RESULT:
Locked intramedullary nails (cephalomedullaty
nails) yielded results which were superior to
combinations of plates or unlocked nails and
separate hip screws.

35. Post OP XRAY AP and LAT views

36. Dynamic hip screw for intertrochanteric with
plating for shaft can provide easy fixation and
favourable results have been reported but is
associated with increased blood loss and
periosteal stripping of the femoral shaft,
extensive surgical dissection.

37. Retrograde nailing for shaft with Dynamic hip
screw for intertrochanteric fractures seems to
be an attractive treatment modality
preventing periosteal stripping and extensive
surgical dissection but studies shows that
retrograde nailings are associated with
articular damage and stiff knee post
operatively.

38. Long proximal femoral nail for fixation of both
intertrochanteric and shaft promises stable fixation and
better osseous healing. Intra-Medullary implant itself
acts as a buttress to prevent excessive fracture collapse
and shaft medialization.
It also offers the advantage of a reamed and unreamed
implantation technique, high rotational stability of the
proximal fragment, and the possibility of static or
dynamic distal locking. Almost all the load is
transferred to the nail and negligible portion to the
medial femoral cortex.

39. Thus, long proximal femoral nail is a good
option for the treatment of complex fractures
like these, with the advantages of closed
antegrade nailing with minimal exposure,
reduced perioperative blood loss, and
biological fixation of both fractures with a
single implant.

40. TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Long PFN is a better fixation system for ipsilateral
intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fracture with
less surgical trauma, less operative time, less
blood loss, early rehabilitation, possibility of early
weight bearing.
Surgical expertise is necessary.
Surgeon preference.