- The document provides biographical information about singer Taylor Swift, born in 1989, who performs country/pop music and is represented by 13Management. - It discusses Scott Borchetta, who founded the record label Big Machine Records in 2005 and has had success signing and promoting country artists like Taylor Swift. - The music video for Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeran's song "Everything Has Changed" tells the story of two children who develop a friendship and possible romance over the course of a school day, referencing the novel and film The Notebook.

2. • Born December 13 1989
Manager: ‘13Management’
(718 Thompson Lane, Nashville
TN, +1 646-558-8357)
• Genre of Music: Country/Pop
Taylor Swift at the
BillBoard Awards 2013

3. • Scott Borchetta (born 3rd July, 1962)
founded the independent label Big
Machine Records in September 2005 and
now serves as its President/CEO.
• In its first year Big Machine scored its first
#1 single, Jack Ingram’s “Wherever You
Are”, which placed five singles in the
Country Top 30.
It also received a nomination for Record
Label of the Year, and managed to place all
three of the label's three new artist
releases in the Top 10 Most-Played New
Artists of 2006.
Artist Taylor Swift and
Producer Scott Borchetta

4. The music video,
“Everything has Changed”
(performed by Country
Pop Star Taylor Swift and
featuring Ed Sheeran) is
not a performance video
as it does not center
around the two artists but
in fact tells a story.
The center theme for this
video is based on Nicholas
Sparks’ novel and movie,
“The Notebook”.
This screenshot taken at 2mins
14secs, is a reference to the
novel, which would only be
recognised by those who
understand the video’s
meaning.

6. The narrative structure of this music video is closed structure because the audience
know that there is a definite ending because the children return to the parents and go
home. However it could be argued that it has an open structure because it becomes
clear in the video that there was some romance between the parents, which leaves
them to wonder what happened.
It contains a linear structure because the video
uses continuity editing from start to finish by
telling a story. Like lots of music videos it contains a
single stranded structure which means that there is
only one narrative thread in this music video which
is the blossoming romance between the two
children.

7. Repeated Shots:
• Long Shots
• Medium Shots
• Extreme Long Shots
• Close up
• Establishing Shots
Movements:
• Pedestal ‘s
• Panning (left to right and right to left)
• Slow Zoom out and in
Angles:
• Most camera shots were on a straight angle,
however some had a slight angle to them.

8. • The other children in the shots are usually out of
focus in comparison to the ‘mini’ Taylor Swift and Ed
Sheeran. This is to show that the protagonists are
alone and in their own world together, meaning that
everything else is less important.
• For this music video the camera is constantly moving
(and is rarely static) to capture the energetic essence
of a child’s spirit.
• An example of both of these is in the music room,
where the camera is on an angle and is constantly
moving to portray the chaotic madness of the class.
But when it comes to the ‘mini’ versions of the
artists, the camera slows down whilst the class in the
background becomes out of focus.
• There are many establishing shots in this music
video, as the video is telling a story and needs to set
the scene in each activity the children are doing,
therefore achieving the narrative structure

9. • The sequence of shots usually follow a pattern of
an establishing shot, a close up of each ‘mini’
artist, then a medium/conversational shot, and
then a long shot to show how they are always on
their own, never joining in with the others as
they are happy being just together, to show the
blossoming romance, showing the linear
narrative structure.
• Lots of close ups are used to show the
importance of how the two children are
different to the rest of the class and share a
unique bond,
therefore moving
CLICK PICTURE TO PLAY
the narrative
along

10. • The editing pace of this music video is
quite fast, constantly leaving each shot
usually less than 2 seconds long. This is so
that it can match the constantly moving
pace of the camera and reflect the childish
and energetic personalities of the children.
• The editing is also placed so that you will
always see an establishing/long shot and
then the two children on their own, to
show how in a class full of children they
prefer each others company.
• There is an eyeline match between the
childrens faces when watching the
projector and a shot of the projector, to
show that they pay attention in class.
• Most of the edits used in this music video
are straight/razor cuts, making it look
sharp and clean between each shots, and
continuity editing is used to keep the
structure of the video linear so that it can
have a closed structure.

11. Main Costume:
• ‘Mini’ Taylor Swift: White Dress to show
innocence of young love.
• Taylor Swift: White Dress to show resemblance
between daughter and mother.
• ‘Mini’ Ed Sheeran: Everyday Jeans and Grey T-
Shirt with Black Shirt, to show difference in
styles between him and her.
• Ed Sheeran: Jeans and Black T-Shirt to show
resemblance to son.
• Uses different costumes to show different
lessons, e.g. a gym outfit for physical education
and costumes and helmets for drama/theatre.
• The reason the video features two children that
look like Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeran is to still
feature the artists of the song in some way, and
connect them to the video.

12. Props:
• The novel “The Notebook” is used to reveal to
the audience about what the video is based on,
and so allows the viewer to be able to follow
along with the narrative structure.
• Synergy is also used in this video as the children
use Iphone 5’s to stay connected with each
other and send each other pictures. Therefore
promoting the phone and making the video
interesting.
• Rooms are designed to look like specific
classrooms for subjects, e.g. science lab or art
room by using lab chairs and equipment or art
easel.
• The props that they use in lessons illustrate their
different personalities, e.g. in the cooking
section, ‘mini’ Ed Sheeran has a massive mess of
a biscuit whereas ‘mini’ Taylor Swift creates a
perfect little layered masterpiece showing that
she is girly and neat whereas Ed is the opposite.

13. Lighting:
• The lighting in the video also helps to set the
scene of which lesson the children are in, for
example there are bright lights aimed onto
the stage for their drama/theatre lesson.
• Gym lights turn from normal to a disco ball
effect, to look like a typical school dance.
• Projector light shining between children in
the dark to only show them, and their
concentrated face.
• The lighting in the tent is created from
torches stacked on top of each other, creating
an ambient and secure mood for the children,
mimicking their feelings.
• Lastly the sunlight shining through and
around the leaf creates a beautiful and
natural shot, and mimics the relationship and
blossoming romance between the children.

14. Andrew Goodwin:
Unlike most music videos, “Everything Has Changed” uses disjuncture to try and
create a whole new set of meanings by ignoring the genre of the song.
Todorov:
In this narrative theory, the video would come
under the ‘Equilibrium’ section because it sets the
scene in everyday life, a day at school. This is
something everybody can relate to as an education
is vital nowadays.
Levi-Strauss:
It is harder to place the music video in this one,
but would probably come under the binary
opposites ‘Man-Woman’ because it is a story
about a boy and girl falling in love, so are the
binary opposites of each other because of their
gender.
Barthes:
In Barthes codes, the music video would probably come under the ‘Action Code’
because the audience can clearly see that these two children are best friends
and share a bond like no other.

15. What, in your opinion makes this a particularly
effective music video?
The most effective music video’s are ones
that create and tell meaningful stories, as it
keeps the audience interested as to what is
happening and what will become of the
entire video.
This video is particularly effective in using this
strategy, because the shots change so
frequently (due to the editing pace) and
there is so much to see, from different
lessons and different props.
Also the young blossoming love is sweet and
innocent, which makes people smile as the
children in the story of the music video have
a relationship that is very special and shy, as
they develop feelings for one another.